冷层积和室温干燥贮藏对河西走廊8种荒漠植物种子萌发的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00791

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

不同贮藏和处理条件对不同植物的种子萌发有不同的影响。该文以河西走廊干旱半干旱区8种荒漠植物为研究对象, 探讨了种子经历不同冷层积(4 ℃、-5 ℃、-26 - 10 ℃)和室温干燥贮藏后的萌发响应。研究结果表明: 1)冷层积可使种子萌发率提高、保持不变或降低, 冷层积的有效温度下界可降至-5 ℃或更低。4 ℃和-5 ℃的冷层积使多裂骆驼蓬(Peganum multisectum)和驼蹄瓣(Zygophyllum fabago)种子的萌发率升高、萌发速度加快, 冬季过低的气温以及较大的温度变幅(-26 - 10 ℃)使部分种子萌发率升高。3种冷层积和室温干燥贮藏使黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)种子萌发率达到90%-100%。唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)、苦马豆(Sphaerophysa salsula)种子经过3种冷层积和室温干燥贮藏后萌发率变化较小。中亚紫菀木(Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus)种子对各种贮藏条件的响应不明显, 部分种子活性丢失。刺沙蓬(Salsola ruthenica)种子扩散时有较高的萌发率(84%), 经-5 ℃和-26 - 10 ℃冷贮藏后, 种子仍具有较高的萌发率, 经4 ℃冷贮藏后几乎不萌发, 大部分种子活性丢失。2)不同物种的种子经过不同方式的贮藏后, 萌发对温度的响应不同。经冷层积后的多裂骆驼蓬种子萌发响应于恒温, 驼蹄瓣和刺沙蓬种子萌发更加响应于变温条件; 多数植物种子在变温培养下萌发速度慢于恒温下。

关键词: 湿冷层积, 荒漠植物, 更新, 种子萌发

Abstract:

Aims We investigated seed germination of eight desert plant species of the Hexi Corridor of China following cold-wet stratification and dry storage at room temperature to better understand seed germination and dormancy characteristics and how these species are adapted to their habitat.
Methods Seed viability and initial germination percentage of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Sphaerophysa salsula, Peganum multisectum, Zygophyllum fabago, Nitraria tangutorum, Lycium ruthenicum, Salsola ruthenica and Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus were determined. Then seeds of these species were divided into four groups (I, II, III and IV) and stored in a refrigerator ((4 ± 1) °C, moist), cold room in winter ((-5 ± 1) °C, moist), outdoor in winter ((-26 - 10) °C, moist) and room temperature ((20 ± 1) °C, dry) for 60 d. Germination was determined under a constant (20 °C) and an alternating temperature regime (25 °C / 10 °C) with 12 h photoperiod (light/dark) for 30 d. Two main germination indices including germination percentage and T50 (half germination time) were recorded. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference test (LSD) at 5% level.
Important findings There were three types of seed responses to cold-wet stratification: germination percentage increased, no change, or decreased. Germination percentage of seeds of P. multisectum and Z. fabago significantly increased following cold-wet stratification of 4 °C and -5 °C, and partially increased following -26 - 10 °C. Germination percentage of seeds of L. ruthenicum significantly increased following 4 °C, -5 °C, -26 - 10 °C and dry storage at room temperature, with germination of 90%-100%. Seeds of P. multisectum, Z. fabago and L. ruthenicum have slight physiological dormancy. Germination of seeds of N. tangutorum, G. uralensis and Sphaerophysa salsula slightly changed following three cold-wet stratification. Seeds of Salsola ruthenica with non-dormancy (germinated to 84% before storage) decreased their germination following cold-wet stratification of 4 °C, whereas no change occurred at -5 °C, -26 - 10 °C. In addition, the response of germination to incubation temperature varied with species.

Key words: cold-wet stratification, desert plant, regeneration, seed germination

王桔红, 马瑞君, 陈文. 冷层积和室温干燥贮藏对河西走廊8种荒漠植物种子萌发的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(8): 791-801. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00791

WANG Ju-Hong, MA Rui-Jun, CHEN Wen. Effects of cold stratification and dry storage at room temperature on seed germination of eight desert species from the Hexi Corridor of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(8): 791-801. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00791

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00791

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I8/791

图/表 6

参考文献 30

[1]	Baskin CC, Baskin JM (1988a). Germination ecophysiology of herbaceous plant species in a temperate region. American Journal of Botany, 75, 286-305.
[2]	Baskin CC, Baskin JM (1998b). Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego.
[3]	Baskin JM, Baskin CC (2004). A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research, 14, 1-16.
[4]	Hilton JR (1984). The influence of dry storage temperature on the response of Bromus sterilis L. seeds to light. New Phytologist, 98, 129-134.
[5]	Huang ZY (黄振英), Gutterman Y, Hu ZH (胡正海), Zhang XS (张新时) (2001). Seed germination in Artemisia sphaerocephala. II. The influence of environmental factors. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 25, 240-246. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Karlsson LM, Milberg P (2007). Comparing after-ripening response and germination requirements of Conyza canadensis and C. bonariensis (Asteraceae) through logistic functions. Weed Research, 47, 433-441.
[7]	Keller M, Kollmann J (1999). Effects of seed provenance on germination of herbs for agricultural compensation sites. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 72, 87-99.
[8]	Kettenring KM, Galatowitsch SM (2007). Temperature requirements for dormancy break and seed germination vary greatly among 14 wetland Carex species. Aquatic Botany, 87, 209-220.
[9]	Leinonen K (1998). Effects of storage conditions on dormancy and vigor of Picea abies seeds. New Forests, 16, 231-249.
[10]	Liu W (刘文), Liu K (刘坤), Zhang CH (张春辉), Du GZ (杜国祯) (2011). Effect of accumulated temperature on seed germination―a case study of 12 Compositae species on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 35, 751-758. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	Liu ZM (刘志民), Li XH (李雪华), Li RP (李荣平), Jiang DM (蒋德明), Cao CY (曹成有), Chang XL (常学礼) (2004). A comparative study of seed germination for 31 annual species of the Horqin Steppe. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 24, 648-653. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	Luo X (罗弦), Pan YZ (潘远智), Yang XJ (杨学军), Wu JY (武菊英), Teng WJ (滕文军), Fan JG (范俊岗) (2010). Effect of cold stratification on dormancy and germination of four Carex species seeds. Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报), 19, 117-123. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Ma XJ (马晓娟), Wei CH (魏茶花), Zhang R (张荣) (2008). Effects of cold-wet stratification, light and temperature on the seed germination of alpine meadow plants. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (安徽农业科学), 36, 2221-2223. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	Meyer SE, Kitchen SG (1994). Habitat-correlated variation in seed germination response to chilling in Penstemon Section Glabri (Scrophulariaceae). American Midland Naturalist, 132, 349-365.
[15]	Nie HL (聂华丽), Zhang YM (张元明), Wu N (吴楠), Zhang J (张静), Zhang BC (张丙昌) (2009). Effects of biological crusts on the germination of five desert vascular plants with different seed morphologies. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 33, 161-170. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Nyachiro JM, Clarke FR, DePauw RM, Knox RE, Armstrong KC (2002). Temperature effects on seed germination and expression of seed dormancy in wheat. Euphytica, 126, 123-127.
[17]	Omami EN, Haigh AM, Medd RW, Nicol HI (1999). Changes in germinability, dormancy and viability of Amaranthus retroflexus as affected by depth and duration of burial. Weed Research, 39, 345-354.
[18]	Probert RJ (2000). The role of temperature in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination. In: Fenner M ed. Seed: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities 2nd edn. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 261-291.
[19]	Roberts HA, Neilson JE (1982). Role of temperature in the seasonal dormancy of seeds of Veronica hederifolia L. New Phytologist, 90, 745-749.
[20]	Schütz W (1997). Primary dormancy and annual dormancy cycles in seeds of six temperate wetland sedges. Aquatic Botany, 59(12), 75-85.
[21]	Schütz W (2002). Dormancy characteristics and germination timing in two alpine Carex species. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2, 125-134.
[22]	Schütz W, Rave G (1999). The effect of cold stratification and light on the seed germination of temperate sedges (Carex) from various habitats and implications for regenerative strategies. Plant Ecology, 144, 215-230.
[23]	Simons AM, Johnston M (2006). Environmental and genetic sources of diversification in the timing of seed germination: implications for the evolution of bet hedging. Evolution, 60, 2280-2292.
[24]	Thompson K, Crime JP (1983). A comparative study of germination responses to diurnally-fluctuating temperatures. Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 141-156.
[25]	Thompson K, Ooi MKJ (2010). To germinate or not to germinate: more than just a question of dormancy. Seed Science Research, 20, 209-211.
[26]	van Assche JA, Vanlerberghe KA (1989). The role of temperature on the dormancy cycle of seeds of Rumex obtusifolius L. Functional Ecology, 3, 107-115.
[27]	Wang JH (王桔红), Chen W (陈文), Zhang Y (张勇), Zhang YX (张银霞) (2011). Effects of storage condition on seed germination of four xeromorphic shrub species from Hexi Corridor. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 30, 477-482. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	Wang JH (王桔红), Du GZ (杜国祯), Cui XL (崔现亮), Zheng XF (郑秀芳), Qi W (齐威) (2009). Germination characteristics of 61 common woody species from the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China and their life history correlates. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 33, 171-179. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	Wang JH (王桔红), Zhang Y (张勇) (2009). Effect of storage conditions and temperatures on seed germination of 4 plant species from Zygophyllaceae. Pratacultural Science (草业科学), 26(6), 110-115. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	Wang ZL (王宗灵), Xu YQ (徐雨清), Wang G (王刚) (1998). Germination strategies of annual sandy plants under limited precipitation. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences Edition) (兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 34, 98-103. (in Chinese with English abstract)

物种 Species	种子百粒重 100-seeds weight (g)	种子形状(方差) Seed shape (Variance)	种子含水量 Seed water content (%)	种子活性 Seed viability (%)	初始萌发率 Initial germination (%)
甘草 Glycyrrhiza uralensis	0.695 ± 0.080	1.58 ± 0.782	7.58	92.0 ± 2.7	10 ± 2
苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula	0.766 ± 0.030	0.58 ± 0.228	5.05	100.0 ± 2.3	34 ± 6
多裂骆驼蓬 Peganum multisectum	0.520 ± 0.015	4.10 ± 0.207	6.03	98.0 ± 4.0	20 ± 4
驼蹄瓣 Zygophyllum fabago	0.244 ± 0.002	2.23 ± 0.396	7.38	98.6 ± 4.6	52 ± 2
唐古特白刺 Nitraria tangutorum	3.488 ± 0.214	6.74 ± 1.388	7.66	98.0 ± 3.0	0 ± 0
黑果枸杞 Lycium ruthenicum	0.052 ± 0.001	0.42 ± 0.055	12.38	100.0 ± 2.7	38 ± 3
刺沙蓬 Salsola ruthenica	0.173 ± 0.005	5.79 ± 0.865	5.39	100.0 ± 2.4	84 ± 9
中亚紫菀木 Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus	0.032 ± 0.001	1.81 ± 0.106	11.40	87.0 ± 5.0	50 ± 3

物种 Species	种子百粒重 100-seeds weight (g)	种子形状(方差) Seed shape (Variance)	种子含水量 Seed water content (%)	种子活性 Seed viability (%)	初始萌发率 Initial germination (%)
甘草 Glycyrrhiza uralensis	0.695 ± 0.080	1.58 ± 0.782	7.58	92.0 ± 2.7	10 ± 2
苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula	0.766 ± 0.030	0.58 ± 0.228	5.05	100.0 ± 2.3	34 ± 6
多裂骆驼蓬 Peganum multisectum	0.520 ± 0.015	4.10 ± 0.207	6.03	98.0 ± 4.0	20 ± 4
驼蹄瓣 Zygophyllum fabago	0.244 ± 0.002	2.23 ± 0.396	7.38	98.6 ± 4.6	52 ± 2
唐古特白刺 Nitraria tangutorum	3.488 ± 0.214	6.74 ± 1.388	7.66	98.0 ± 3.0	0 ± 0
黑果枸杞 Lycium ruthenicum	0.052 ± 0.001	0.42 ± 0.055	12.38	100.0 ± 2.7	38 ± 3
刺沙蓬 Salsola ruthenica	0.173 ± 0.005	5.79 ± 0.865	5.39	100.0 ± 2.4	84 ± 9
中亚紫菀木 Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus	0.032 ± 0.001	1.81 ± 0.106	11.40	87.0 ± 5.0	50 ± 3

物种 Species	培养温度 Incubation temperature (℃)	贮藏方式对萌发率的影响 Effect of storage mode on germination			贮藏方式对T50的影响 Effect of storage mode on T50		贮藏方式 Storage method	温度对萌发率的影响 Effect of temperature on germination
物种 Species	培养温度 Incubation temperature (℃)	df	F	p	F	p		df	F	p	F	p
甘草 Glycyrrhiza uralensis	20	4	0.298	ns	2.208	ns	I	1	7.733	*	0.001	ns
	25/10	4	7.18	**	8.055	**	II	1	0.892	ns	0.015	ns
							III	1	0.755	ns	0.137	ns
							IV	1	1.537	ns	3.084	ns
苦马豆Sphaerophysa salsula	20	4	6.282	**	30.245	***	I	1	0.293	ns	0.102	ns
	25/10	4	6.869	**	2.985	ns	II	1	3.250	ns	4.866	ns
							III	1	23.68	**	16.636	*
							IV	1	2.110	ns	0.054	ns
多裂骆驼蓬Peganum multisectum	20	4	33.66	***	111.57	***	I	1	1.261	ns	1.412	ns
	25/10	4	64.46	***	20.037	***	II	1	5.847	ns	57.889	**
							III	1	7.113	ns	32.980	**
							IV	1	84.495	***	6.092	ns
驼蹄瓣 Zygophyllum fabago	20	4	10.509	***	3.673	*	I	1	104.079	***	5.620	ns
	25/10	4	21.457	***	104.171	***	II	1	3.339	ns	21.413	**
							III	1	4.765	ns	0.000	ns
							IV	1	3.226	ns	2.369	ns
唐古特白刺 Nitraria tangutorum	20	4	12.292	***	1.366	ns	I	1	11.644	*
	25/10	4	20.677	***	44.189	***	II	1	0.857	ns	5.680	ns
							III	1	0.158	ns	5.007	ns
							IV	1	3.845	ns	12.107	*
黑果枸杞 Lycium ruthenicum	20	4	12.292	***	45.67	***	I	1	11.644	*	15.310	**
	25/10	4	20.677	***	80.626	***	II	1	0.857	ns	3.499	ns
							III	1	0.158	ns	4.401	ns
							IV	1	3.845	ns	0.448	ns
刺沙蓬 Salsola ruthenica	20	4	16.519	***	53.94	***	I	1	0.429	ns	75.000	***
	25/10	4	87.004	***	2.830	ns	II	1	3.618	ns	3.160	ns
							III	1	40.117	**	1.000	ns
							IV	1	2.295	ns	1.468	ns
中亚紫菀木 Asterothamnus centrali- asiaticus	20	4	2.797	ns	24.744	***	I	1	4.839	ns	1 228.530	***
	25/10	4	0.365	ns	6.875	**	II	1	0.003	ns	0.314	ns
							III	1	0.724	ns	4.323	ns
							IV	1	4.379	ns	0.831	ns

物种 Species	培养温度 Incubation temperature (℃)	贮藏方式对萌发率的影响 Effect of storage mode on germination			贮藏方式对T50的影响 Effect of storage mode on T50		贮藏方式 Storage method	温度对萌发率的影响 Effect of temperature on germination
物种 Species	培养温度 Incubation temperature (℃)	df	F	p	F	p		df	F	p	F	p
甘草 Glycyrrhiza uralensis	20	4	0.298	ns	2.208	ns	I	1	7.733	*	0.001	ns
	25/10	4	7.18	**	8.055	**	II	1	0.892	ns	0.015	ns
							III	1	0.755	ns	0.137	ns
							IV	1	1.537	ns	3.084	ns
苦马豆Sphaerophysa salsula	20	4	6.282	**	30.245	***	I	1	0.293	ns	0.102	ns
	25/10	4	6.869	**	2.985	ns	II	1	3.250	ns	4.866	ns
							III	1	23.68	**	16.636	*
							IV	1	2.110	ns	0.054	ns
多裂骆驼蓬Peganum multisectum	20	4	33.66	***	111.57	***	I	1	1.261	ns	1.412	ns
	25/10	4	64.46	***	20.037	***	II	1	5.847	ns	57.889	**
							III	1	7.113	ns	32.980	**
							IV	1	84.495	***	6.092	ns
驼蹄瓣 Zygophyllum fabago	20	4	10.509	***	3.673	*	I	1	104.079	***	5.620	ns
	25/10	4	21.457	***	104.171	***	II	1	3.339	ns	21.413	**
							III	1	4.765	ns	0.000	ns
							IV	1	3.226	ns	2.369	ns
唐古特白刺 Nitraria tangutorum	20	4	12.292	***	1.366	ns	I	1	11.644	*
	25/10	4	20.677	***	44.189	***	II	1	0.857	ns	5.680	ns
							III	1	0.158	ns	5.007	ns
							IV	1	3.845	ns	12.107	*
黑果枸杞 Lycium ruthenicum	20	4	12.292	***	45.67	***	I	1	11.644	*	15.310	**
	25/10	4	20.677	***	80.626	***	II	1	0.857	ns	3.499	ns
							III	1	0.158	ns	4.401	ns
							IV	1	3.845	ns	0.448	ns
刺沙蓬 Salsola ruthenica	20	4	16.519	***	53.94	***	I	1	0.429	ns	75.000	***
	25/10	4	87.004	***	2.830	ns	II	1	3.618	ns	3.160	ns
							III	1	40.117	**	1.000	ns
							IV	1	2.295	ns	1.468	ns
中亚紫菀木 Asterothamnus centrali- asiaticus	20	4	2.797	ns	24.744	***	I	1	4.839	ns	1 228.530	***
	25/10	4	0.365	ns	6.875	**	II	1	0.003	ns	0.314	ns
							III	1	0.724	ns	4.323	ns
							IV	1	4.379	ns	0.831	ns

物种 Species	培养温度Incubation temperature (℃)	贮藏前 Before storage	冰箱贮藏 Stored in refrigerator	冬季冷屋贮藏 Stored in cold room in winter	冬季室外贮藏 Stored outdoors in winter	室温干燥贮藏 Dry stored at room temperature
甘草 Glycyrrhiza uralensis	20	1.9 ± 0.02^a	2.2 ± 0.28^ab	3.5 ± 1.69^ab	3.4 ± 1.63^ab	5.2 ± 2.51^ab
甘草 Glycyrrhiza uralensis	25/10	1.8 ± 0.50^a	2.2 ± 2.46^a	3.3 ± 2.02^a	3.0 ± 1.32^a	7.8 ± 0.76^b
苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula	20	19.0 ± 3.20^bf	7.9 ± 3.35^ad	13.5 ± 1.8b^e	2.7 ± 1.44^c	19.5 ± 3.96^bf
苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula	25/10	17.0 ± 3.60^b	8.5 ± 0.50^a	17.5 ± 2.58^b	15.3 ± 5.37^ab	18.7 ± 7.58^b
多裂骆驼蓬 Peganum multisectum	20	5.1 ± 0.23^d	2.1 ± 0.39^e	1.4 ± 0.21^b	2.7 ± 0.17^c	2.7 ± 0.28^c
多裂骆驼蓬 Peganum multisectum	25/10	5.3 ± 0.20^bd	2.3 ± 0.17^ae	2.4 ± 0.07^a	5.3 ± 0.75^b	9.4 ± 1.91^c
驼蹄瓣 Zygophyllum fabago	20	5.7 ± 1.03^bc	2.3 ± 0.45^ab	1.2 ± 0.25^a	2.7 ± 0.40^ab	6.8 ± 5.25^bd
驼蹄瓣 Zygophyllum fabago	25/10	5.4 ± 2.36^c	1.6 ± 0.27^a	2.4 ± 0.45^b	2.7 ± 0.21^b	2.8 ± 0.04^b
唐古特白刺 Nitraria tangutorum	20	-	13.2 ± 0.46^b	12.7 ± 9.48^b	14.1 ± 0.21^b	20.7 ± 8.54^b
唐古特白刺 Nitraria tangutorum	25/10	-	-	26.5 ± 4.06^b	19.3 ± 4.68^b	5.8 ± 0.19^a
黑果枸杞 Lycium ruthenicum	20	6.2 ± 0.67^di	1.3 ± 0.34^a	2.4 ± 0.91^bf	3.7 ± 0.61^cg	6.2 ± 0.85^dh
黑果枸杞 Lycium ruthenicum	25/10	6.7 ± 0.23ⁱ	2.1 ± 0.21^e	3.2 ± 0.21^f	4.7 ± 0.79^g	5.8 ± 0.13^h
刺沙蓬 Salsola ruthenica	20	0.7 ± 0.06^b	1.8 ± 0.28^c	0.6 ± 0.07^ac	0.5 ± 0.01^a	0.6 ± 0.06^ab
刺沙蓬 Salsola ruthenica	25/10	0.8 ± 0.10^ab	0.5 ± 0.00^a	2.4 ± 2.10^bc	0.5 ± 0.00^a	0.7 ± 0.10^a
中亚紫菀木 Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus	20	5.6 ± 1.67^d	0.7 ± 0.09^e	4.4 ± 1.32^c	3.1 ± 0.25^b	2.6 ± 0.73^b
中亚紫菀木 Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus	25/10	5.3 ± 1.32^d	2.4 ± 0.04^a	3.9 ± 1.46^bc	4.3 ± 1.14^bcd	2.9 ± 0.14^ab