植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 717-725.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0068
姚杰1, 闫琰1, 张春雨1, 邳田辉2, 赵秀海1,*()
出版日期:
2015-07-01
发布日期:
2015-07-22
通讯作者:
赵秀海
作者简介:
*作者简介:E-mail:
基金资助:
YAO Jie1, YAN Yan1, ZHANG Chun-Yu1, PI Tian-Hui2, ZHAO Xiu-Hai1,*()
Online:
2015-07-01
Published:
2015-07-22
Contact:
Xiu-Hai ZHAO
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
以吉林省蛟河42 hm2针阔混交林动态监测样地为平台, 在样地内选取224个1 m × 1 m幼苗监测小样方, 基于2013年6至8月每月中旬的幼苗监测数据, 对乔木幼苗物种组成、数量特征、月际动态及幼苗与同种大树之间的关系进行分析。结果表明: (1)该群落共调查到乔木树种幼苗16种。物种组成在6月和7月间变化不大, 但与8月差异较大。物种组成在各样方间表现出极大的差异性, 不同种幼苗出现的样方数为1-159。(2) 6月至8月, 幼苗个体从1722株减少到1214株, 降幅达29.5%。不同种幼苗在个体数量上变异较大, 个体数超过100的幼苗有色木槭(Acer mono)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandschurica)、紫椴(Tilia amurensis)和东北槭(Acer mandshuricum), 四者个体数之和占所有物种个体总数的84.26%; 不同种幼苗密度变异性较大, 只有色木槭、水曲柳、紫椴和东北槭密度大于1株·m-2, 其他种幼苗密度均较低。(3)新生幼苗更新、死亡格局表现出明显的种间差异与月际间差异, 7月新生幼苗总体死亡率(48.9%)显著高于8月(28.3%); 整个调查季(6-8月), 新生幼苗总体死亡率(40.56%)明显高于多年生幼苗(7.34%)。就幼苗更新情况而言, 该研究群落一年中更新主要集中在6月。(4)色木槭、紫椴、杉松(Abies holophylla)幼苗的密度与同种成年个体的胸高断面积之和之间存在显著的正相关关系(p = 0.006、0.013、0.037), 表明三者幼苗密度随周围母树多度的增加而增加, 其他物种幼苗密度与同种个体数目或同种胸高断面积之和未表现出显著的相关关系。
姚杰, 闫琰, 张春雨, 邳田辉, 赵秀海. 吉林蛟河针阔混交林乔木幼苗组成与月际动态. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(7): 717-725. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0068
YAO Jie,YAN Yan,ZHANG Chun-Yu,PI Tian-Hui,ZHAO Xiu-Hai. Composition and monthly dynamics of tree seedlings in a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jiaohe, Jilin Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(7): 717-725. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0068
图2 吉林蛟河针阔混交林监测样地内209个样站(●和○)分布图, ○表示本研究选取的56个样站。
Fig. 2 Location of 209 monitoring plots (● & ○) and the 56 locations (○) for this study in a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest observational study in Jiaohe, Jilin Province.
种名 Species | 幼苗数量 No. of seedlings | 幼苗密度 Seedling density (mean ± SE, n = 224) | 幼苗密度的变异系数 CV of seedling density (%) | 相对多度 Relative abundance | 相对频度 Relative frequency | 重要值 Important value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
色木槭 Acer mono | 509 | 2.272 ± 0.176 | 116.11 | 29.56 | 23.59 | 53.15 |
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica | 381 | 1.701 ± 0.177 | 156.05 | 22.13 | 18.84 | 40.97 |
东北槭 Acer mandshuricum | 262 | 1.170 ± 0.103 | 131.25 | 15.21 | 18.40 | 33.61 |
紫椴 Tilia amurensis | 299 | 1.335 ± 0.195 | 218.78 | 17.36 | 12.46 | 29.83 |
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 65 | 0.290 ± 0.048 | 248.70 | 3.77 | 5.79 | 9.56 |
千金榆 Carpinus cordata | 49 | 0.219 ± 0.035 | 241.59 | 2.85 | 5.64 | 8.48 |
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum | 44 | 0.196 ± 0.036 | 271.36 | 2.56 | 5.19 | 7.75 |
杉松 Abies holophylla | 46 | 0.205 ± 0.064 | 464.10 | 2.67 | 3.12 | 5.79 |
春榆 Ulmus davidiana var. japonica | 25 | 0.112 ± 0.030 | 407.87 | 1.45 | 2.37 | 3.83 |
红松 Pinus koraiensis | 17 | 0.076 ± 0.024 | 480.95 | 0.99 | 1.63 | 2.62 |
髭脉槭 Acer barbinerve | 12 | 0.054 ± 0.019 | 520.78 | 0.70 | 1.34 | 2.03 |
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata | 6 | 0.027 ± 0.015 | 860.22 | 0.35 | 0.59 | 0.94 |
拧筋槭 Acer triflorum | 4 | 0.018 ± 0.009 | 743.28 | 0.23 | 0.59 | 0.83 |
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 1 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 1 496.67 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.21 |
黄檗 Phellodendron amurense | 1 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 1 496.67 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.21 |
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica | 1 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 1 496.67 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.21 |
合计 Total | 1 722 | _ | _ | 100.00 | 100.00 | 200.00 |
表1 2013年6月幼苗组成与数量特征
Table 1 Species composition and quantity characteristics at the sampling plots in June 2013
种名 Species | 幼苗数量 No. of seedlings | 幼苗密度 Seedling density (mean ± SE, n = 224) | 幼苗密度的变异系数 CV of seedling density (%) | 相对多度 Relative abundance | 相对频度 Relative frequency | 重要值 Important value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
色木槭 Acer mono | 509 | 2.272 ± 0.176 | 116.11 | 29.56 | 23.59 | 53.15 |
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica | 381 | 1.701 ± 0.177 | 156.05 | 22.13 | 18.84 | 40.97 |
东北槭 Acer mandshuricum | 262 | 1.170 ± 0.103 | 131.25 | 15.21 | 18.40 | 33.61 |
紫椴 Tilia amurensis | 299 | 1.335 ± 0.195 | 218.78 | 17.36 | 12.46 | 29.83 |
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 65 | 0.290 ± 0.048 | 248.70 | 3.77 | 5.79 | 9.56 |
千金榆 Carpinus cordata | 49 | 0.219 ± 0.035 | 241.59 | 2.85 | 5.64 | 8.48 |
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum | 44 | 0.196 ± 0.036 | 271.36 | 2.56 | 5.19 | 7.75 |
杉松 Abies holophylla | 46 | 0.205 ± 0.064 | 464.10 | 2.67 | 3.12 | 5.79 |
春榆 Ulmus davidiana var. japonica | 25 | 0.112 ± 0.030 | 407.87 | 1.45 | 2.37 | 3.83 |
红松 Pinus koraiensis | 17 | 0.076 ± 0.024 | 480.95 | 0.99 | 1.63 | 2.62 |
髭脉槭 Acer barbinerve | 12 | 0.054 ± 0.019 | 520.78 | 0.70 | 1.34 | 2.03 |
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata | 6 | 0.027 ± 0.015 | 860.22 | 0.35 | 0.59 | 0.94 |
拧筋槭 Acer triflorum | 4 | 0.018 ± 0.009 | 743.28 | 0.23 | 0.59 | 0.83 |
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 1 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 1 496.67 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.21 |
黄檗 Phellodendron amurense | 1 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 1 496.67 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.21 |
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica | 1 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 1 496.67 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.21 |
合计 Total | 1 722 | _ | _ | 100.00 | 100.00 | 200.00 |
6月 June | 7月 July | 8月 August | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
幼苗数量 No. of seedlings | 新增数 No. of recruitment | 死亡数 No. of death | 死亡率 Mortality rate (%) | 增补率 Recruitment rate (%) | 新增数 No. of recruitment | 死亡数 No. of death | 死亡率 Mortality rate (%) | 增补率 Recruitment rate (%) | |||
当年生幼苗 Newly-born seedlings | 1 231 | 89 | 476 | 48.9 | 11.1 | 19 | 208 | 28.3 | 2.9 | ||
多年生幼苗 Perennial seedlings | 491 | 92 | 26 | 5.4 | 18.1 | 43 | 41 | 7.6 | 8.0 | ||
合计 Total | 1 722 | 181 | 502 | 34.5 | 13.8 | 62 | 249 | 19.6 | 5.2 |
表2 群落水平新生幼苗与多年生幼苗月际动态变化
Table 2 The monthly changes in newly-born seedlings and perennial seedlings at community level
6月 June | 7月 July | 8月 August | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
幼苗数量 No. of seedlings | 新增数 No. of recruitment | 死亡数 No. of death | 死亡率 Mortality rate (%) | 增补率 Recruitment rate (%) | 新增数 No. of recruitment | 死亡数 No. of death | 死亡率 Mortality rate (%) | 增补率 Recruitment rate (%) | |||
当年生幼苗 Newly-born seedlings | 1 231 | 89 | 476 | 48.9 | 11.1 | 19 | 208 | 28.3 | 2.9 | ||
多年生幼苗 Perennial seedlings | 491 | 92 | 26 | 5.4 | 18.1 | 43 | 41 | 7.6 | 8.0 | ||
合计 Total | 1 722 | 181 | 502 | 34.5 | 13.8 | 62 | 249 | 19.6 | 5.2 |
物种名 Species | 新生幼苗数量 No. of newly-born seedlings | 新生幼苗出现样方数 No. of quadrats presented with newly-born seedlings | 新生幼苗死亡数 No. of death with newly-born seedlings | 新生幼苗死亡率 Mortality rate of newly-born seedlings (%) | 新生幼苗更新率 Recruitment rate of newly-born seedlings (%) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6-8月 June- August | 6月 June | 7月 July | 8月 August | 6-8月 June- August | 6月 June | 7月 July | 8月 August | 7月 July | 8月 August | 7月 July | 8月 August | 7月 July | 8月 August | |||||
色木槭 Acer mono | 493 | 453 | 30 | 10 | 154 | 148 | 28 | 10 | 131 | 49 | 34.1 | 15.0 | 8.9 | 3.2 | ||||
紫椴 Tilia amurensis | 301 | 291 | 10 | _ | 87 | 84 | 6 | _ | 201 | 59 | 117.4 | 89.2 | 10.5 | 0 | ||||
东北槭 Acer mandshuricum | 271 | 238 | 28 | 5 | 118 | 113 | 24 | 5 | 55 | 51 | 26.3 | 27.7 | 14.2 | 3.1 | ||||
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica | 80 | 74 | 6 | _ | 55 | 53 | 6 | _ | 6 | 10 | 8.5 | 14.5 | 8.5 | 0 | ||||
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 65 | 63 | 1 | 1 | 39 | 38 | 1 | 1 | 38 | 15 | 92.4 | 86.0 | 3.9 | 8.7 | ||||
千金榆 Carpinus cordata | 49 | 45 | 4 | _ | 36 | 35 | 3 | _ | 20 | 12 | 58.8 | 53.4 | 14.8 | 0 | ||||
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum | 42 | 41 | 1 | _ | 33 | 32 | 1 | _ | 14 | 7 | 41.8 | 28.8 | 3.6 | 0 | ||||
红松 Pinus koraiensis | 16 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 87.5 | 0 | 47.0 | 11.8 | ||||
春榆 Ulmus davidiana var. japonica | 11 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 47.0 | 33.6 | 33.6 | 18.2 | ||||
髭脉槭 Acer barbinerve | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 28.8 | 0 | 28.8 | 22.3 | ||||
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 2 | _ | 2 | _ | 2 | _ | 2 | _ | 0 | 1 | _ | 69.3 | _ | 0 | ||||
拧筋槭 Acer triflorum | 2 | 2 | _ | _ | 2 | 2 | _ | _ | 0 | 2 | 0 | _ | 0 | _ | ||||
杉松 Abies holophylla | 1 | _ | 1 | _ | 1 | _ | 1 | _ | 0 | 0 | _ | 0 | _ | 0 | ||||
合计 Total | 1 339 | 1 231 | 89 | 19 | 476 | 208 | 48.9 | 28.3 | 11.1 | 2.9 |
表3 不同月新生幼苗物种组成、死亡率和更新率及其各新生幼苗出现的样方数
Table 3 Species composition, mortality rate and recruitment rate of newly-born seedlings, as well as the number of quadrats presented with newly-born seedlings in different months
物种名 Species | 新生幼苗数量 No. of newly-born seedlings | 新生幼苗出现样方数 No. of quadrats presented with newly-born seedlings | 新生幼苗死亡数 No. of death with newly-born seedlings | 新生幼苗死亡率 Mortality rate of newly-born seedlings (%) | 新生幼苗更新率 Recruitment rate of newly-born seedlings (%) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6-8月 June- August | 6月 June | 7月 July | 8月 August | 6-8月 June- August | 6月 June | 7月 July | 8月 August | 7月 July | 8月 August | 7月 July | 8月 August | 7月 July | 8月 August | |||||
色木槭 Acer mono | 493 | 453 | 30 | 10 | 154 | 148 | 28 | 10 | 131 | 49 | 34.1 | 15.0 | 8.9 | 3.2 | ||||
紫椴 Tilia amurensis | 301 | 291 | 10 | _ | 87 | 84 | 6 | _ | 201 | 59 | 117.4 | 89.2 | 10.5 | 0 | ||||
东北槭 Acer mandshuricum | 271 | 238 | 28 | 5 | 118 | 113 | 24 | 5 | 55 | 51 | 26.3 | 27.7 | 14.2 | 3.1 | ||||
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica | 80 | 74 | 6 | _ | 55 | 53 | 6 | _ | 6 | 10 | 8.5 | 14.5 | 8.5 | 0 | ||||
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 65 | 63 | 1 | 1 | 39 | 38 | 1 | 1 | 38 | 15 | 92.4 | 86.0 | 3.9 | 8.7 | ||||
千金榆 Carpinus cordata | 49 | 45 | 4 | _ | 36 | 35 | 3 | _ | 20 | 12 | 58.8 | 53.4 | 14.8 | 0 | ||||
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum | 42 | 41 | 1 | _ | 33 | 32 | 1 | _ | 14 | 7 | 41.8 | 28.8 | 3.6 | 0 | ||||
红松 Pinus koraiensis | 16 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 87.5 | 0 | 47.0 | 11.8 | ||||
春榆 Ulmus davidiana var. japonica | 11 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 47.0 | 33.6 | 33.6 | 18.2 | ||||
髭脉槭 Acer barbinerve | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 28.8 | 0 | 28.8 | 22.3 | ||||
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 2 | _ | 2 | _ | 2 | _ | 2 | _ | 0 | 1 | _ | 69.3 | _ | 0 | ||||
拧筋槭 Acer triflorum | 2 | 2 | _ | _ | 2 | 2 | _ | _ | 0 | 2 | 0 | _ | 0 | _ | ||||
杉松 Abies holophylla | 1 | _ | 1 | _ | 1 | _ | 1 | _ | 0 | 0 | _ | 0 | _ | 0 | ||||
合计 Total | 1 339 | 1 231 | 89 | 19 | 476 | 208 | 48.9 | 28.3 | 11.1 | 2.9 |
物种 Species | 变量 Variable | 回归系数 Coefficient | 标准误差 SE | t值 t-value | p | 调整的R2 Adjusted R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
东北槭 Acer mandshuricum | B20 | 0.006 | 0.001 | 1.308 | 0.196 | -0.005 |
N20 | 0.005 | 0.032 | 0.154 | 0.878 | ||
色木槭 Acer mono | B20 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 2.894 | 0.006** | 0.171 |
N20 | -0.051 | 0.045 | -1.129 | 0.264 | ||
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica | B20 | -8.98E-05 | 0.001 | -0.173 | 0.864 | -0.025 |
N20 | 0.297 | 0.471 | 0.631 | 0.531 | ||
紫椴 Tilia amurensis | B20 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 2.562 | 0.013* | 0.080 |
N20 | -0.242 | 0.244 | -0.989 | 0.327 | ||
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | B20 | -0.001 | 0.001 | -0.84 | 0.405 | -0.002 |
N20 | 0.142 | 0.486 | 0.292 | 0.771 | ||
千金榆 Carpinus cordata | B20 | 2.00E-04 | 0.000 | 0.627 | 0.533 | 0.165 |
N20 | 0.019 | 0.020 | 0.982 | 0.33 | ||
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum | B20 | -6.43E-05 | 0.001 | -0.088 | 0.931 | 0.020 |
N20 | 0.210 | 0.122 | 1.715 | 0.092 | ||
杉松 Abies holophylla | B20 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 2.143 | 0.037* | 0.111 |
N20 | 0.305 | 0.417 | 0.732 | 0.467 |
表4 8个物种幼苗数目与样站20 m范围内的同种个体数(N20)、胸高断面积之和(B20)的回归结果
Table 4 Results of multiple linear regression analysis on the seedling abundance and the number of conspecifics (N20) as well as the sum of conspecific basal area (B20) within 20 m distance from a station
物种 Species | 变量 Variable | 回归系数 Coefficient | 标准误差 SE | t值 t-value | p | 调整的R2 Adjusted R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
东北槭 Acer mandshuricum | B20 | 0.006 | 0.001 | 1.308 | 0.196 | -0.005 |
N20 | 0.005 | 0.032 | 0.154 | 0.878 | ||
色木槭 Acer mono | B20 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 2.894 | 0.006** | 0.171 |
N20 | -0.051 | 0.045 | -1.129 | 0.264 | ||
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica | B20 | -8.98E-05 | 0.001 | -0.173 | 0.864 | -0.025 |
N20 | 0.297 | 0.471 | 0.631 | 0.531 | ||
紫椴 Tilia amurensis | B20 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 2.562 | 0.013* | 0.080 |
N20 | -0.242 | 0.244 | -0.989 | 0.327 | ||
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | B20 | -0.001 | 0.001 | -0.84 | 0.405 | -0.002 |
N20 | 0.142 | 0.486 | 0.292 | 0.771 | ||
千金榆 Carpinus cordata | B20 | 2.00E-04 | 0.000 | 0.627 | 0.533 | 0.165 |
N20 | 0.019 | 0.020 | 0.982 | 0.33 | ||
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum | B20 | -6.43E-05 | 0.001 | -0.088 | 0.931 | 0.020 |
N20 | 0.210 | 0.122 | 1.715 | 0.092 | ||
杉松 Abies holophylla | B20 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 2.143 | 0.037* | 0.111 |
N20 | 0.305 | 0.417 | 0.732 | 0.467 |
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