天然毛竹林竞争空间关系分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0069

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以浙江天目山天然毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)林为研究对象, 在毛竹林样地测量和调查的基础上, 利用地理信息系统和空间分析方法, 从天然毛竹林生存竞争的微观视角, 研究毛竹林生存竞争的空间自相关分布特征、竞争强度与毛竹密度和年龄的关系、竞争强度各向异性及与其所在样地坡向间的关系。研究结果发现: 毛竹林竞争呈现出空间自相关的特征, 竞争强度呈现出高与高、低与低集聚生长的特点; 天然毛竹林的空间分布密度与竞争强度呈现出正相关的趋势, 高强度竞争区域的毛竹密度显著大于低强度竞争区域的密度; 年龄在不同竞争强度区域的分布具有差异, 分布在低强度竞争区域上的毛竹年龄显著低于中、高强度竞争区域的年龄; 生长在中、高强度竞争区域上的毛竹年龄之间没有显著差异; 天然毛竹林竞争强度呈现出各向异性的特点且与其所在坡向相互垂直, 垂直于坡向方向上的竞争强度高于平行于坡向方向的竞争强度。通过研究表明, 空间分析方法能够有效地应用于研究天然毛竹林的生长规律, 为毛竹的合理经营与采伐提供指导意义。

关键词: 各向异性, 竞争指数, 空间自相关, 半方差图, 标准差椭圆, 毛竹

Abstract: Aims Spatial analysis of competition is an effective method to understand trend, variability and distribution patterns of plant communities. The objective of this study was to improve our understanding of autocorrelation distribution, the relationship between competition intensity and density and age of Phyllostachys edulis, and the relationship between competition intensity anisotropy and the aspect of sample plots. Methods Based on data collected from natural P. edulis forest plots located in Tianmu Mountain of Zhejiang Province, we calculated Hegyi competition index in Geographic Information System (GIS). ESDA (exploratory spatial data analysis) was used to analyze the spatial distribution of the Hegyi competition index to identify the spatial distribution. Spatial semivariogram and standard deviation ellipse were used to study regionalized spatial variability of variables. Important findings The results showed that the spatial densities and the competition intensity of natural P. edulis forest was autocorrelated: Phyllostachys edulis density was higher in area of high competition intensity. The age of P. edulis was also different between areas of different competition intensities: Phyllostachys edulis was younger in plots of low competition intensity than in plots of high competition intensity. The anisotropy of the competition intensity was higher in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction.

Key words: anisotropy, Hegyi index, spatial autocorrelation, semivariogram, standard deviation ellipse, Phyllostachys edulis

陈永刚, 汤孟平, 杨春菊, 马天午, 王礼. 天然毛竹林竞争空间关系分析. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(7): 726-735. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0069

CHEN Yong-Gang,TANG Meng-Ping,YANG Chun-Ju,MA Tian-Wu,WANG Li. Spatial analysis of competition in natural Phyllostachys edulis community. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(7): 726-735. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0069

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0069

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I7/726

图/表 9

图1 半变异函数曲线图。γ(h), 半变异函数; a, 变程; c, 拱高; C0, 块金值; C0 + C, 基台值; h, 距离。

Fig. 1 The curve of semivariograms. γ(h), semivariance; a, range; c, sagitta; C0, nugget; C0 + C, sill; h, distance.

表1 天然毛竹林V_Hegyi竞争指数统计表

Table 1 The V_Hegyi competition index of natural Phyllostachys edulis

径级 Diameter class (cm)	株数 Number	百分比 Percentage (%)	平均值 Average	中位数 Median	最大值 Maximum value	最小值 Minimum value
2-4	2	0.04	14.23	14.23	17.13	11.34
4-6	8	0.15	10.29	8.39	23.84	5.53
6-8	197	3.69	8.340	7.71	29.08	2.71
8-10	1 277	23.95	6.93	6.27	43.06	2.34
10-12	2 616	49.06	5.89	5.35	40.20	2.11
12-14	1 123	21.06	5.39	4.97	24.68	1.88
14-16	107	2.01	4.51	4.31	8.13	1.34
16-18	0	0	0	0	0	0
18-20	0	0	0	0	0	0
20-22	2	0.04	2.76	2.76	3.62	1.90

表2 天然毛竹林V_Hegyi指数空间自相关分析及显著性检验表

Table 2 Spatial autocorrelation and significance test of V_Hegyi index of Phyllostachys edulis community

方法 Method	参数 Parameter	数值 Value
Getis-Ord General G	指标值 Index value	0.001 351
	方差 Variance	0.000 000
	Z值 Z value	51.894 764
	概率p Probability	0.000 000
Moran’s I	指标值 Index value	0.332 195
	方差 Variance	0.000 041
	Z值 Z value	51.894 764
	概率p Probability	0.000 000

图2 V_Hegyi生存竞争竞争指数的Getis-Ord Gi*热点分析(A)和核密度估计(B)。

Fig. 2 Getis-Ord Gi* hot spot analysis (A) and Kernel density estimation (B) of V_Hegyi competition index.

表3 天然毛竹林在不同强度竞争区域空间分布密度

Table 3 The spatial distribution density of natural Phyllostachys edulis community in various areas with different competition intensity

竞争强度 Competition intensity	株数 Plant number	面积 Area (m²)	密度 Density (ind.·m^-2)
低 Low	1 117	4 218.909	0.265
中 Medium	2 618	4 268.221	0.613
高 High	1 681	1 512.870	1.111

表4 天然毛竹林在不同强度竞争区域年龄分布差异性双样本t检验

Table 4 The 2-samples t test of natural Phyllostachys edulis community age distribution in areas with different natural P. edulis competition intensities

竞争强度 Competition intensity	平均值 Average (a)	对比 Comparison	t统计量 t statistic	概率 Probability
低 Low	7.11	低-中 Low-medium	-3.88	0.000
中 Medium	7.62	中-高 Medium-high	-0.95	0.341
高 High	7.72	低-高 Low-high	-4.33	0.000

图3 生存竞争各向异性半变异函数图。

Fig. 3 Semivariogram diagram of anisotropy of natural Phyllostachys edulis competition.

图4 V_Hegyi指数风玫瑰图。

Fig. 4 The wind rose diagram of V_Hegyi index.

图5 野生毛竹竞争剧烈程度与坡向关系示意图。

Fig. 5 The relationship between natural Phyllostachys edulis’s competition intensity and its aspect.

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