细根对竹林-阔叶林界面两侧土壤养分异质性形成的贡献

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00077

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤养分异质性是竹林-阔叶林界面(bamboo and broad-leaved forest interface, 以下简称竹阔界面)的重要特征, 细根生长、周转和分解影响土壤养分供应能力, 但其在竹阔界面养分异质性形成中的贡献尚不清楚。该文选取竹阔界面两侧的毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)林和常绿阔叶林为研究对象, 开展土壤养分(C、N、P)含量、细根生物量及周转、细根分解及养分回归等指标的对比研究。结果表明: (1)竹阔界面两侧毛竹林和常绿阔叶林土壤养分差异明显, 毛竹林0-60 cm土壤有机碳(SOC)和土壤总氮(STN)含量分别为20.51和0.53 g·kg^-1, 常绿阔叶林0-60 cm土壤有机碳(SOC)和土壤总氮(STN)含量分别为13.42和0.26 g·kg^-1, 前者比后者分别高出34.53%和50.35%, 但毛竹林土壤全磷(STP)含量低于常绿阔叶林25.54%; (2)竹阔界面两侧细根生物量、养分密度及养分回归量差异明显, 毛竹林细根生物量高达1201.60 g·m^-2, 是常绿阔叶林的5.86倍; 养分密度分别为591.42 g C·m^-2、5.44 g N·m^-2、0.25 g P·m^-2, 分别是常绿阔叶林的6.12倍、3.77倍和3.11倍; 年均养分回归量分别为278.54 g C·m^-2·a^-1、2.36 g N·m^-2·a^-1、0.11 g P·m^-2·a^-1, 是常绿阔叶林的6.93倍、4.29倍和3.67倍; (3)细根对界面两侧土壤SOC、STN异质性形成的年均潜在贡献分别为76.79%和28.33%, 但对STP异质性形成起减缓作用, 贡献率为6.17%。这些结果说明毛竹扩张可以改变常绿阔叶林土壤的养分状况, 且细根对不同养分的异质性形成贡献不一致, 是土壤SOC、STN异质性形成的重要原因。

关键词: 竹阔界面, 细根周转, 养分回归, 毛竹, 养分异质性

Abstract:

Aims The encroachment of Phyllostachys pubescens into woodland was commonly thought to lead to a change in the amount of nutrient stored in the ecosystems. Our objective was to investigate the soil nutrients of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (STN) and total phosphorous (STP) heterogeneity at two sides of the bamboo and broad-leaved forest interface (BBLFI), i.e., P. pubescens forest (PPF) - evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF) transition, and to quantify the contribution of fine roots to the accumulative difference in soil nutrients.
Methods We selected typical BBLFI plots straddling PPF and EBF in natural areas around the Dagangshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration. We investigated the distribution and dynamics of soil nutrients, fine root biomass, annual production and decomposition rate in 2010-2011 by means of sequential coring and ingrowth into cores. We calculated the fine roots C, N and P stocks, SOC, STN and STP pools and the contribution of fine roots to soil nutrient heterogeneity at two sides of BBLFI.
Important findings There was a significant soil nutrient difference between the two sides of BBLFI. The SOC and STN contents in PPF were 20.51 and 0.53 g·kg^-1, respectively, which were higher than in EBF by 34.53% and 50.35%, respectively, but the STP was 25.54% lower. Fine root biomass, nutrient stock and amount of return to soil between two sides of BBLFI were also obviously different. PPF root biomass was 1201.60 g·m^-2, which is 5.86 times as much as EBF. Nutrient stock was 591.42 g C·m^-2, 5.44 g N·m^-2 and 0.25 g P·m^-2, which were 6.12, 3.77 and 3.11 times higher than EBF. The amount of return nutrient was 278.54 g C·m^-2·a^-1, 2.36 g N·m^-2·a^-1 and 0.11 g P·m^-2·a^-1, which were 6.93, 4.29 and 3.67 times higher than EBF, respectively. The fine roots of the two sides decomposed at almost the same rate. The annual contribution of fine roots to the soil nutrient heterogeneity was 76.79% for SOC and 28.33% for STN, but P returned from dead fine root slowed the progression of forming STP heterogeneity by 6.17% annually. These findings indicated that bamboo encroachment had changed the EBF soil nutrients, leading to a significant accumulative soil nutrient heterogeneity at two sides of BBLFI, and fine roots played an important role in forming this heterogeneity for SOC and STN.

Key words: bamboo and broad-leaved forest interface, fine root turnover, nutrient return, Phyllostachys pubescens, soil nutrient heterogeneity

刘骏,杨清培,余定坤,宋庆妮,赵广东,王兵. 细根对竹林-阔叶林界面两侧土壤养分异质性形成的贡献. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(8): 739-749. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00077

LIU Jun,YANG Qing-Pei,YU Ding-Kun,SONG Qing-Ni,ZHAO Guang-Dong,WANG Bing. Contribution of fine root to soil nutrient heterogeneity at two sides of the bamboo and broad-leaved forest interface. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(8): 739-749. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00077

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I8/739

图/表 7

图1 竹阔界面两侧土壤养分异质性(平均值±标准误差)。EBF, 常绿阔叶林; PPF, 毛竹林。不同小写字母表示同一土层中不同林分的土壤养分差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Soil nutrient heterogeneity at two sides of bamboo and broad-leaved forest interface (mean ± SE). EBF, evergreen broad-leaved forest; PPF, Phyllostachys pubescens forest. Different lowercase letters denote signi?cant difference (p < 0.05) among soil nutrients in the same soil layers in different forest stands.

图2 竹阔界面两侧细根生物量与死细根储量(平均值±标准误差)。EBF, 常绿阔叶林; PPF, 毛竹林。不同小写字母表示同一土层中不同林分的细根生物量和死细根储量差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Fine root biomass and necromass at two sides of bamboo and broad-leaved forest interface (mean ± SE). EBF, evergreen broad-leaved forest; PPF, Phyllostachys pubescens forest. Different lowercase letters denote signi?cant difference (p < 0.05) among fine root biomass and necromass in the same soil layers in different forest stands.

图3 竹阔界面两侧林分活细根与死细根的C、N、P密度(平均值±标准误差)。EBF, 常绿阔叶林; PPF, 毛竹林。不同小写字母表示同一土层中不同林分的活细根与死细根的C、N、P密度差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 The C、N、P density of live and dead fine root at two sides of bamboo and broad-leaved forest interface (mean ± SE). EBF, evergreen broad-leaved forest; PPF, Phyllostachys pubescens forest. Different lowercase letters denote signi?cant difference (p < 0.05) among the C、N、P density of live and dead fine root in the same soil layers in different forest stands.

图4 竹阔界面两侧林分细根年死亡量(平均值±标准误差)。EBF, 常绿阔叶林; PPF, 毛竹林。不同小写字母表示同一土层中不同林分的细根年死亡量差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Annual fine root mortality at two sides of bamboo and broad-leaved forest interface (mean ± SE). EBF, evergreen broad-leaved forest; PPF, Phyllostachys pubescens forest. Different lowercase letters denote signi?cant difference (p < 0.05) among annual fine root mortality in the same soil layers in different forest stands.

图5 细根分解动态。EBF, 常绿阔叶林; PPF, 毛竹林。

Fig. 5 Dynamics of fine root decomposition. EBF, evergreen broad-leaved forest; PPF, Phyllostachys pubescens forest.

表1 细根分解曲线参数最佳拟合(按公式9)

Table 1 Parameters of the best fitting curves for the fine root decomposition (according to the ninth formula)

林分 Forest stand	死细根C : N : P Dead fine root C : N : P	参数 Parameter			R²	t_0.5	t_0.95
林分 Forest stand	死细根C : N : P Dead fine root C : N : P	a	b	m	R²	t_0.5	t_0.95
毛竹林 Phyllostachys pubescens forest	1 351:23:1	0.087	0.484	13.846	0.853	7.57	34.03
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest	980:19:1	0.089	0.812	8.962	0.920	6.77	32.64

表2 细根对竹阔界面两侧土壤养分异质性形成的贡献

Table 2 Contribution of fine root to the formation of soil nutrient heterogeneity at two sides of bamboo and broad-leaved forest interface

养分 Nutrient	细根养分输入量(I) Nutrient input by fine root (I, g·m^-2·a^-1)			土壤养分年均输出量(E) Annual mean nutrient output in soil (E, g·m^-2·a^-1)			土壤养分密度(S) Soil nutrient density (S, g·m^-2)			细根平均年贡献率 Annual mean contribution rate by fine root (%)
养分 Nutrient	I_PPF	I_EBF	I_PPF - I_EBF	E_PPF	E_EBF	E_PPF - E_EBF	S_PPF	S_EBF	S_PPF - S_EBF	细根平均年贡献率 Annual mean contribution rate by fine root (%)
碳 C	278.54	40.17	238.37	893.25	713.17	180.03	1 1371.12	7 459.45	3 911.67	76.79
氮 N	2.36	0.55	1.81	3.54	2.02	1.52	282.40	136.36	146.04	28.33
磷 P	0.11	0.03	0.08	0.41	0.31	0.10	123.75	160.84	-37.09	6.17

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