低温对高山嵩草叶片光化学和非光化学能量耗散特征的影响
收稿日期: 2022-06-06
录用日期: 2022-10-10
网络出版日期: 2022-10-10
基金资助
青海省自然科学基金(2019-ZJ-7016);青海省创新平台建设专项(2017-ZJ-Y20);青海省创新平台建设专项(2021-ZJ-Y05)
Effects of low temperature on photochemical and non-photochemical energy dissipation of Kobresia pygmaea leaves
Received date: 2022-06-06
Accepted date: 2022-10-10
Online published: 2022-10-10
Supported by
Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2019-ZJ-7016);Construction Project for Innovation Platform of Qinghai Province(2017-ZJ-Y20);Construction Project for Innovation Platform of Qinghai Province(2021-ZJ-Y05)
低温是青藏高原地区植物生长季内频繁发生的非生物胁迫, 然而其对典型高山植物叶片光能利用和分配的影响如何, 尚缺乏研究。该研究以高寒草甸优势种高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)为材料, 采用叶绿素荧光成像分析技术, 研究了低温对光系统II (PSII)光化学及非光化学猝灭中光诱导和非光诱导的量子产量相对份额的影响。结果表明: PSII最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm和1/Fo - 1/Fm)的最适温度在10 ℃左右, 且变异系数(CV)较小; PSII相对电子传递速率(rETR)的光响应曲线随温度降低而整体下移, 其初始斜率(α)也相应降低。低温逆境可引起PSII实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)和非光化学猝灭中非调节性能量耗散量子产量(ΦNO)的降低, 及调节性能量耗散量子产量(ΦNPQ)的增大, 并导致均值CV的增高。1 000 µmol·m−2·s−1稳态光强下, ΦPSII、ΦNPQ和ΦNO三组分的相对比率在20、10、5、0和-5 ℃分别为: 23:57:20、18:63:19、15:68:17、11:75:14和8:80:12。PSII反应中心光化学效率的相对限制(LPPFD)随温度降低而逐渐增大, 且光强越大其限制增强。一般线性模型的双因素方差分析表明, PSII光化学和非光化学能量耗散过程没有交互效应产生。尽管光化学能量转换和保护性的调节机制可有效分配激发能, 能避免ΦNO的增加, 但高山嵩草叶片的光合机构在维持运行的同时依然承受着来自低温的胁迫, 是影响植物光合生理过程及限制生长发育的重要因素。
关键词： 低温逆境; 光系统II非光化学猝灭; 高山嵩草; 青藏高原; 叶绿素荧光
师生波, 师瑞, 周党卫, 张雯 . 低温对高山嵩草叶片光化学和非光化学能量耗散特征的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023 , 47(10) : 1441 -1452 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0227
Aims Kobresia pygmaea is a typical low temperature-tolerant arid mesophyte, and mainly distributes at low slope and high mountains ranging from 3 000 to 5 960 m on the Qingzang Plateau. Low temperature is a frequently occurring abiotic stress factor during the plants growing season on the Qingzang Plateau. The objectives of this study were to analyze the photochemical and non-photochemical energy distribution characteristics of the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center of K. pygmaea leaves, and explore their quenching protection mechanism in response to low temperature stress.
Methods Turf blocks (30 cm × 30 cm) of K. pygmaea meadow were collected from the Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of the Resource of Three Rivers, moved and kept in a culture room with air temperature of 24 °C/18 °C (day/night) at a diurnal photoperiod of 12 h and relative humidity of 45%; being irradiated with artificial LED light source of 500 µmol·m−2·s−1 light intensity. When the turf black had been kept in culture room for one day, the measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence were performed immediately using chlorophyll fluorescence imager with built-in protocol. The trial of light response curves at different leaf temperatures, temperature response at a steady-state light intensity and light-temperature interaction effects were performed at controlled temperature using thermostatic control instruments. Based on the “Lake Model”, the relative variation of the PSII actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (ΦNPQ) and non-regulated energy dissipation (ΦNO) were investigated. Furthermore, the interaction effects of low temperature and high light intensity was analyzed by two-way ANOVA of the general linear model (GLM).
Important findings The maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm and 1/Fo - 1/Fm) were higher at 10 °C and their coefficient of variation (CV) was smaller relative to other temperatures. The rapid light-response curves of the PSII relative electron transfer rate (rETR) showed a downward as a whole with the decreasing of temperature, and their initial slope (α) also decreased accordingly. Low temperature caused a decrease in ΦPSII and ΦNO, and an increase in ΦNPQ, accompanied with enhancement of CV values. Under 1 000 µmol·m−2·s−1 steady-state light intensity, the relative ratios of ΦPSII:ΦNPQ:ΦNO at the temperature of 20, 10, 5, 0, and -5 °C were in turn 23:57:20, 18:63:19, 15:68:17, 11:75:14, and 8:80:12, showing remarkable decrease in ΦPSII and increase in ΦNPQ. The relative limitation of PSII photochemical efficiency (LPPFD) increased gradually with the increase of light intensity, and also with the decrease of temperature. The two-way ANOVA of GLM showed that there were no interaction effects of low temperature and high light intensity in both PSII photochemical and non-photochemical energy dissipation processes. Therefore, the excited energy absorbed by PSII antenna pigments can be transferred and dissipated effectively by the photochemical energy conversion of ΦPSII and protective regulatory mechanisms of ΦNPQ avoiding the exacerbation of ΦNO, which exhibited a strong tolerance and adaptation to alpine habitats. However, the increased instability of photosynthetic activities at low temperatures indicated that the photosynthetic apparatus of K. pygmaea still suffer the stress while maintaining normal operation. It can be inferred that the low temperature is an important factor affecting the photosynthetic physiological process and limiting growth and development and its distribution.
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