植物生态学报 >

2024 , Vol. 48 >Issue 8: 1035 - 1049

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0359

研究论文

灌丛斑块和草本斑块碳交换对季节性降水增加的响应——基于地上净初级生产力和叶面积指数标准化的比较分析

  • 张梦迪 ,
  • 向官海 ,
  • 文艺瑶 ,
  • 王欢 ,
  • 呼格吉勒 ,
  • 白永飞 ,
  • 王忠武 ,
  • 郑淑霞
展开
  • 1内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 呼和浩特 010018
    2中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
    3赤峰学院农学院, 内蒙古赤峰 024000
    4国家植物园, 北京 100093
    5江西师范大学生命科学学院, 南昌 330022
    6山东农业大学生命科学学院, 山东泰安 271001
    7正蓝旗草原工作站, 锡林浩特 027200
*同等贡献

收稿日期: 2023-12-04

  录用日期: 2024-05-10

  网络出版日期: 2024-05-10

基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2023YFF1305301);国家自然科学基金(32371779)

收起

Response of carbon exchange between shrub and grass patches to increased seasonal precipitation: a comparative analysis based on aboveground net primary productivity and leaf area index standardization

  • ZHANG Meng-Di ,
  • XIANG Guan-Hai ,
  • WEN Yi-Yao ,
  • WANG Huan ,
  • Hugejile ,
  • BAI Yong-Fei ,
  • WANG Zhong-Wu ,
  • ZHENG Shu-Xia
Expand
  • 1College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
    3College of Agriculture, Chifeng University, Chifeng, Nei Mongol 024000, China
    4China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
    5College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
    6College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271001, China
    7Grassland Workstation of Zhenglan Banner, Xilinhot, Nei Mongol 027200, China
*Contributed equally to this work

Received date: 2023-12-04

  Accepted date: 2024-05-10

  Online published: 2024-05-10

Supported by

National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1305301);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371779)

Fold

摘要

随着气候变化和人类活动干扰的加剧, 干旱半干旱地区草地灌丛化现象普遍发生, 严重影响了草地生态系统的碳汇功能。水分是内蒙古半干旱草原的主要限制因子, 未来降水格局的变化对草原生态系统的碳交换具有重要影响。然而, 目前关于降水变化对灌丛化草地生态系统, 特别是异质斑块碳交换过程的影响研究较少, 相关机制尚不清楚。为此, 该研究利用内蒙古小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)灌丛化草地季节性降水增加(冬季增雪、夏季增雨)实验平台, 系统观测了灌丛斑块和草本斑块的碳交换参数, 即净生态系统碳交换(NEE)、总生态系统生产力(GEP)、生态系统呼吸(ER), 并结合基于地上净初级生产力(ANPP)和叶面积指数(LAI)标准化的参数比较分析, 研究了季节性降水增加对灌丛化草地碳交换的影响以及异质斑块的响应差异。结果表明: 1)夏季增雨显著提高了草本斑块|NEE|、GEP和ER值, 而冬季增雪显著降低了草本斑块|NEE|ANPP、GEPANPP和ERANPP。夏季增雨显著增加了灌丛斑块GEP和ER值, 但对NEE影响不明显, 冬季增雪对灌丛斑块的碳交换过程有促进作用。总体而言, 灌丛斑块的|NEE|、GEP、ER显著高于草本斑块。相较于湿润年份(2021年), 干旱年份(2020年)的碳交换对降水增加的响应更为敏感。2)灌丛斑块碳交换(|NEE|、GEP和ER)与土壤水分含量、叶片生物量呈正相关关系, 夏季增雨主要通过增加深层土壤(40-80 cm)水分含量、降低土壤温度来促进碳交换。草本斑块碳交换与浅层土壤(0-20 cm)水分含量、ANPP呈正相关关系, 与土壤温度、根冠比呈负相关关系; 夏季增雨主要通过增加浅层土壤水分含量、降低土壤温度促进碳交换, 而冬季增雪则通过增加深层土壤水分含量和减少地下生物量来抑制草本斑块碳交换。3)基于ANPP标准化后的碳交换参数能更好地揭示灌丛斑块和草本斑块对降水变化的响应差异。该研究结果为准确评估气候变化下干旱半干旱草地生态系统的碳汇功能和固碳潜力提供了重要科学依据。

关键词： 净生态系统碳交换(NEE); 总生态系统生产力(GEP); 生态系统呼吸(ER); 灌丛斑块; 草本斑块; 冬季增雪; 夏季增雨; 灌丛化

本文引用格式

张梦迪 , 向官海 , 文艺瑶 , 王欢 , 呼格吉勒 , 白永飞 , 王忠武 , 郑淑霞 . 灌丛斑块和草本斑块碳交换对季节性降水增加的响应——基于地上净初级生产力和叶面积指数标准化的比较分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024 , 48(8) : 1035 -1049 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0359

Abstract

Aims With the intensification of climate change and human activities, the phenomenon of shrub encroachment in arid and semi-arid grasslands is widespread, significantly impacting the carbon sequestration function of grassland ecosystems. Water availability is the primary limiting factor in the semiarid grassland of Nei Mongol, and future changes in precipitation patterns have important implications for carbon exchange in grassland ecosystems. However, there is limited research on the effects of precipitation changes on shrub-encroached grassland ecosystems, particularly on the carbon exchange processes within heterogenous patches. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods In this study, we conducted a seasonal precipitation manipulation experiment by increasing snowfall in winter and rainfall in summer in shrub-encroached grassland dominated by Caragana microphylla in Nei Mongol. Carbon exchange parameters, such as net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), and ecosystem respiration (ER) of shrub patches and grass patches, were measured and compared using standardized parameters based on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and leaf area index (LAI). The study investigated the impact of increased seasonal precipitation on carbon exchange in shrub-encroached grassland and the differential responses of heterogeneous patches.

Important findings 1) Increased summer rainfall significantly enhanced |NEE|, GEP and ER of the grass patches, while increased winter snowfall significantly reduced |NEE|ANPP, GEPANPP and ERANPP of the grass patches. Increased summer rainfall significantly enhanced the GEP and ER of the shrub patches, while the effect on |NEE| was not significant. Additionally, increased winter snowfall had a positive impact on carbon exchange processes in the shrub patches. Overall, |NEE|, GEP and ER of the shrub patches were significantly higher than those of the grass patches. In comparison to a wet year (2021), the carbon exchange in a dry year (2020) was more sensitive to increased precipitation. 2) Carbon exchange in the shrub patches (|NEE|, GEP and ER) was positively correlated with soil water content and leaf biomass. Increased summer rainfall mainly promoted carbon exchange by enhancing deep soil water content (40-80 cm) and lowering soil temperature. Carbon exchange in the grass patches was positively correlated with shallow soil water content (0-20 cm) and ANPP, and negatively correlated with soil temperature and root-to-shoot ratio. Increased summer rainfall primarily enhanced carbon exchange in grass patches by raising shallow soil water content and lowering soil temperature, while increased winter snowfall hindered carbon exchange by increasing deep soil water content and stimulating belowground biomass. 3) Standardized carbon exchange parameters based on ANPP better revealed the differential responses of the shrub patches and grass patches to changes in precipitation. These research findings provide an important scientific basis for accurately assessing the carbon sink function and carbon sequestration potential of arid and semi-arid grasslands ecosystems under climate change.

Key words： net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE); gross ecosystem productivity (GEP); ecosystem respiration (ER); shrub patches; grass patches; increased winter snowfall; increased summer rainfall; shrub encroachment

参考文献

[1] Archer SR (1994). Woody plant encroachment into southwestern grasslands and savannas: rates, patterns and proximate causes//Vavra M, Laycock W, Pieper R. Ecological Implications of Livestock Herbivory in the West. Society for Range Management, Denver, USA. 13-68.
[2] Bai Y, Cotrufo MF (2022). Grassland soil carbon sequestration: current understanding, challenges, and solutions. Science, 377, 603-608.
[3] Biederman JA, Scott RL, Arnone III JA, Jasoni RL, Litvak ME, Moreo MT, Papuga SA, Ponce-Campos GE, Schreiner- McGraw AP, Vivoni ER (2018). Shrubland carbon sink depends upon winter water availability in the warm deserts of North America. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 249, 407-419.
[4] Brown JH, Valone TJ, Curtin CG (1997). Reorganization of an arid ecosystem in response to recent climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94, 9729-9733.
[5] Chen LY, Shen HH, Fang JY (2014). Shrub-encroached grassland: a new vegetation type. Chinese Journal of Nature, 36, 391-396.
  [陈蕾伊, 沈海花, 方精云 (2014). 灌丛化草原: 一种新的植被景观. 自然杂志, 36, 391-396.]
[6] Chen S, Lin G, Huang J, Jenerette GD (2009). Dependence of carbon sequestration on the differential responses of ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration to rain pulses in a semiarid steppe. Global Change Biology, 15, 2450-2461.
[7] Chimner RA, Welker JM, Morgan J, Le Cain D, Reeder J (2010). Experimental manipulations of winter snow and summer rain influence ecosystem carbon cycling in a mixed-grass prairie, Wyoming, USA. Ecohydrology, 3, 284-293.
[8] Czobel S, Foti S, Balogh J. Nagy Z, Bartha S, Tuba Z (2005). Chamber series and space scale analysis of CO2 gas exchange in grassland vegetation: a novel approach. Photosynthetica, 43, 267-272.
[9] Delgado-Balbuena J, Loescher HW, Aguirre-Gutiérrez CA, Alfaro-Reyna T, Pineda-Martínez LF, Vargas R, Arredondo T (2023). Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland. Biogeosciences, 20, 2369-2385.
[10] Deng MF, Li P, Liu WX, Chang PF, Yang L, Wang ZH, Wang J, Liu LL (2023). Deepened snow cover increases grassland soil carbon stocks by incorporating carbon inputs into deep soil layers. Global Change Biology, 29, 4686-4696.
[11] Ding W, Wang YB, Xiang GH, Chi YG, Lu SB, Zheng SX (2020). Effects of Caragana microphylla encroachment on community structure and ecosystem function of a typical steppe. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 33-43.
  [丁威, 王玉冰, 向官海, 迟永刚, 鲁顺保, 郑淑霞 (2020). 小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对典型草原群落结构与生态系统功能的影响. 植物生态学报, 44, 33-43.]
[12] Dobson A, Hopcraft G, Mduma S, Ogutu JO, Fryxell J, Anderson TM, Archibald S, Lehmann C, Poole J, Caro T, Mulder MB, Holt RD, Berger J, Rubenstein DI, Kahumbu P, et al. (2022). Savannas are vital but overlooked carbon sinks. Science, 375, 392. DOI: 10.1126/science.abn4482.
[13] Eldridge DJ, Bowker MA, Maestre FT, Roger E, Reynolds JF, Whitford WG (2011). Impacts of shrub encroachment on ecosystem structure and functioning: towards a global synthesis. Ecology Letters, 14, 709-722.
[14] Goodale CL, Davidson EA (2002). Uncertain sinks in the shrubs. Nature, 418, 593-594.
[15] Hao GC, Hu ZM, Guo Q, Di K, Li SG (2019). Median to strong rainfall intensity favors carbon sink in a temperate grassland ecosystem in China. Sustainability, 11, 6376. DOI: 10.3390/su11226376.
[16] Hao YB, Zhou CT, Liu WJ, Li LF, Kang XM, Jiang LL, Cui XY, Wang YF, Zhou XQ, Xu CY (2017). Aboveground net primary productivity and carbon balance remain stable under extreme precipitation events in a semiarid steppe ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 240- 241, 1-9.
[17] Hovenden MJ, Newton PCD, Wills KE (2014). Seasonal not annual rainfall determines grassland biomass response to carbon dioxide. Nature, 511, 583-586.
[18] Hurtt GC, Dubayah R, Drake J, Moorcroft PR, Pacala SW, Blair JB, Fearon MG (2004). Beyond potential vegetation: combining lidar data and a height-structured model for carbon studies. Ecological Applications, 14, 873-883.
[19] Hymus GJ, Johnson DP, Dore S, Anderson HP, Ross Hinkle C, Drake BG (2003). Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on net ecosystem CO2 exchange of a scrub-oak ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 9, 1802-1812.
[20] Jobbágy EG, Sala OE (2000). Controls of grass and shrub aboveground production in the Patagonian steppe. Ecological Applications, 10, 541-549.
[21] Knapp AK, Ciais P, Smith MD (2017). Reconciling inconsistencies in precipitation-productivity relationships: implications for climate change. New Phytologist, 214, 41-47.
[22] Knapp AK, Hoover DL, Wilcox KR, Avolio ML, Koerner SE, La Pierre KJ, Loik ME, Luo Y, Sala OE, Smith MD (2015). Characterizing differences in precipitation regimes of extreme wet and dry years: implications for climate change experiments. Global Change Biology, 21, 2624-2633.
[23] Kulmatiski A, Beard KH (2022). A modern two-layer hypothesis helps resolve the “savanna problem”. Ecology Letters, 25, 1952-1960.
[24] Li P, Sayer EJ, Jia Z, Liu WX, Wu YT, Yang S, Wang CZ, Yang L, Chen DM, Bai YF, Liu LL (2020). Deepened winter snow cover enhances net ecosystem exchange and stabilizes plant community composition and productivity in a temperate grassland. Global Change Biology, 26, 3015-3027.
[25] Ma S, Baldocchi DD, Xu L, Hehn T (2007). Inter-annual variability in carbon dioxide exchange of an oak/grass savanna and open grassland in California. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 147, 157-171.
[26] Moreno-de las Heras M, Díaz-Sierra R, Turnbull L, Wainwright J (2015). Assessing vegetation structure and ANPP dynamics in a grassland-shrubland Chihuahuan ecotone using NDVI-rainfall relationships. Biogeosciences, 12, 2907-2925.
[27] Pacala SW, Hurtt GC, Baker D, Peylin P, Houghton RA, Birdsey RA, Heath L, Sundquist ET, Stallard RF, Ciais P, Moorcroft P, Caspersen JP, Shevliakova E, Moore B, Kohlmaier G, et al. (2001). Consistent land- and atmosphere-based U.S. carbon sink estimates. Science, 292, 2316-2320.
[28] Pan Y, Jackson RB, Hollinger DY, Phillips OL, Nowak RS, Norby RJ, Oren R, Reich PB, Lüscher A, Mueller KE, Owensby C, Birdsey R, Hom J, Luo Y (2022). Contrasting responses of woody and grassland ecosystems to increased CO2 as water supply varies. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6, 315-323.
[29] Peng HY, Li XY, Tong SY (2014). Effects of shrub (Caragana microphylla Lam.) encroachment on water redistribution and utilization in the typical steppe of Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34, 2256-2265.
  [彭海英, 李小雁, 童绍玉 (2014). 内蒙古典型草原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对水分再分配和利用的影响. 生态学报, 34, 2256-2265.]
[30] Peng S, Piao S, Shen Z, Ciais P, Sun Z, Chen S, Bacour C, Peylin P, Chen A (2013). Precipitation amount, seasonality and frequency regulate carbon cycling of a semi-arid grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China: a modeling analysis. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 178- 179, 46-55.
[31] Polley HW, Dugas WA, Mielnick PC, Johnson HB (2007). C3-C4 composition and prior carbon dioxide treatment regulate the response of grassland carbon and water fluxes to carbon dioxide. Functional Ecology, 21, 11-18.
[32] Poulter B, Frank D, Ciais P, Myneni RB, Andela N, Bi J, Broquet G, Canadell JG, Chevallier F, Liu Y, Running SW, Sitch S, van der Werf GR (2014). Contribution of semi-arid ecosystems to interannual variability of the global carbon cycle. Nature, 509, 600-603.
[33] Reynolds JF, Smith DMS, Lambin EF, Turner II BL, Mortimore M, Batterbury SPJ, Downing TE, Dowlatabadi H, Fernández RJ, Herrick JE, Huber-Sannwald E, Jiang H, Leemans R, Lynam T, Maestre FT, et al. (2007). Global desertification: building a science for dryland development. Science, 316, 847-851.
[34] Sagar R, Li G, Singh JS, Wan S (2019). Carbon fluxes and species diversity in grazed and fenced typical steppe grassland of Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Plant Ecology, 12, 10-22.
[35] Throop HL, Reichmann LG, Sala OE, Archer SR (2012). Response of dominant grass and shrub species to water manipulation: an ecophysiological basis for shrub invasion in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland. Oecologia, 169, 373-383.
[36] van Auken OW (2009). Causes and consequences of woody plant encroachment into western North American grasslands. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 2931-2942.
[37] Walter H (1954). Shrub encroachment, a phenomenon in subtropical savanna areas, and its ecological causes. Vegetatio Acta Geobotanica, 5, 6-10.
[38] Wang L, Liu HZ, Sun JH, Feng JW (2016). Water and carbon dioxide fluxes over an alpine meadow in southwest China and the impact of a spring drought event. International Journal of Biometeorology, 60, 195-205.
[39] Wang YB, Meng B, Zhong SZ, Wang DL, Ma JY, Sun W (2018). Aboveground biomass and root/shoot ratio regulated drought susceptibility of ecosystem carbon exchange in a meadow steppe. Plant and Soil, 432, 259-272.
[40] Ward D, Wiegand K, Getzin S (2013). Walter’s two-layer hypothesis revisited: back to the roots! Oecologia, 172, 617-630.
[41] Xiang GH (2023). Effects of Altered Seasonal Precipitation and Nitrogen Addition on Plant Functional Traits, Community Composition and Productivity in a Shrub-encroached Grassland. PhD dissertation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. 21-23.
  [向官海 (2023). 季节性降水改变和氮添加对灌丛化草地植物功能性状、群落组成及生产力的影响. 博士学位论文, 中国科学院大学, 北京. 21-23.]
[42] Yan LM, Chen SP, Huang JH, Lin GH (2011). Increasing water and nitrogen availability enhanced net ecosystem CO2 assimilation of a temperate semiarid steppe. Plant and Soil, 349, 227-240.
[43] Zhang H, Yu H, Zhou CT, Zhao HT, Qian XQ (2019). Aboveground net primary productivity not CO2 exchange remain stable under three timing of extreme drought in a semi-arid steppe. PLoS ONE, 14, e0214418. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214418.
[44] Zhang XL, Tan YL, Li A, Ren TT, Chen SP, Wang LX, Huang JH (2015). Water and nitrogen availability co-control ecosystem CO2 exchange in a semiarid temperate steppe. Scientific Reports, 5, 15549. DOI: 10.1038/srep15549.
[45] Zhu JJ, Zhang B, Yan Y, Pan QM (2016). Effects of changing precipitation regime on carbon exchange in a typical steppe ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition), 42, 516-524.
  [朱建军, 张彬, 严月, 潘庆民 (2016). 降水量变化对内蒙古温带典型草原生态系统碳交换的影响. 西南民族大学学报(自然科学版), 42, 516-524.]
[46] Zhu WW, Xu YX, Yu HL, Wang P, Huang JY (2021). Effects of precipitation and nitrogen addition on ecosystem carbon exchange in a desert steppe in Ningxia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 41, 6679-6691.
  [朱湾湾, 许艺馨, 余海龙, 王攀, 黄菊莹 (2021). 降水量与氮添加对荒漠草原生态系统碳交换的影响. 生态学报, 41, 6679-6691.]
[47] Zhu YK, Shen HH, Akinyemi DS, Zhang PJ, Feng YP, Zhao MY, Kang J, Zhao X, Hu HF, Fang JY (2022). Increased precipitation attenuates shrub encroachment by facilitating herbaceous growth in a Mongolian grassland. Functional Ecology, 36, 2356-2366.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

Copyright © 2026 版权所有 《植物生态学报》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编: 100093
Tel.: 010-62836134, 62836138;　Fax: 010-82599431;　E-mail: apes@ibcas.ac.cn, cjpe@ibcas.ac.cn
备案号: 京ICP备16067583号-19