Soil fungal-bacterial co-occurrence network of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in Horqin Desert

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0362

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The interactions between soil fungal and bacterial communities are crucial for maintaining microhabitat balance. However, the key factors regulating their co-occurrence patterns remain poorly understood. The study aims to reveal the interactions between fungal and bacterial communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in Horqin Desert. Soil samples were collected from plantations of different stand ages (half-mature, near-mature, and mature forest) with a reference sandy grassland as control.
Methods Based on the 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, molecular ecological network analysis was conducted to investigate the characteristics and driving factors of soil fungal-bacterial networks in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations.
Important findings The results revealed that: (1) as stand age increased, the complexity of soil fungal-bacterial network decreased. The half-mature forest exhibited the most intense fungal-bacterial interactions, with the highest stability and resistance to disturbance. In contrast, the sandy grassland displayed a more complex network overall. The synergistic relationships predominated among bacterial communities in both the plantation and sandy grassland, indicating a more intensive interaction within bacterial communities. (2) Key nodes of the soil fungal-bacterial network varied across different stand ages, with all identified key nodes being bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The half-mature forest exhibited the highest number of key nodes, with Proteobacteria representing the largest proportion. Acidobacteria were identified as key nodes in the co-occurrence networks of both the half-mature and near-mature forests. These results suggest that Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria play crucial roles in maintaining the stability of the fungal-bacterial network, while no key nodes were identified in the sandy grassland. (3) The complexity of soil fungal-bacterial network was primarily influenced by soil available phosphorus and water content, while the network’s stability was significantly correlated with soil organic matter and available phosphorus content. These findings enhance our understanding of the soil fungal-bacterial co-occurrence network and provide valuable insights for the sustainable management of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations.

Key words: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, microorganisms, co-occurrence network, soil, stand age

TENG An-Ping, LIU Ming-Hui, GAO Guang-Lei, DING Guo-Dong, ZHANG Ying, LI Qi-Yan. Soil fungal-bacterial co-occurrence network of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in Horqin Desert[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(9): 1556-1568.

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Figures/Tables 10

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样地 Plot	林龄 Stand age (a)	平均树高 Average height (m)	平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	林分密度 Stand density (plant·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density
HQh	26	10.26 ± 1.47	16.93 ± 2.81	1 650	0.72
HQn	33	10.61 ± 1.03	14.06 ± 2.44	1 650	0.75
HQm	43	11.12 ± 1.74	21.07 ± 1.02	1 650	0.68
HQG	-	-	-	-	0.75

样地 Plot	林龄 Stand age (a)	平均树高 Average height (m)	平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	林分密度 Stand density (plant·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density
HQh	26	10.26 ± 1.47	16.93 ± 2.81	1 650	0.72
HQn	33	10.61 ± 1.03	14.06 ± 2.44	1 650	0.75
HQm	43	11.12 ± 1.74	21.07 ± 1.02	1 650	0.68
HQG	-	-	-	-	0.75

	引物 Primer	引物序列(5′-3′) Primer sequence (5′-3′)	目标基因 Target genes	目标区 Target area
细菌 Bacteria	338F	CCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG	16S	V3-V4
细菌 Bacteria	806R	ATTACCGCGGCTGCTGG	16S	V3-V4
真菌 Fungi	ITS1F	CTTGGTCATTTAGACGAAGTAA	ITS	ITS1
真菌 Fungi	ITS2	GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC	ITS	ITS1

	引物 Primer	引物序列(5′-3′) Primer sequence (5′-3′)	目标基因 Target genes	目标区 Target area
细菌 Bacteria	338F	CCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG	16S	V3-V4
细菌 Bacteria	806R	ATTACCGCGGCTGCTGG	16S	V3-V4
真菌 Fungi	ITS1F	CTTGGTCATTTAGACGAAGTAA	ITS	ITS1
真菌 Fungi	ITS2	GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC	ITS	ITS1

拓扑参数 Topological parameter		HQG	HQh	HQn	HQm
经验网络 Empirical networks	节点 Node	757	1 369	1 200	873
	边 Edge	6 551	9 901	3 169	2 275
	正相关 Positive (%)	99.69	99.23	99.18	99.16
	负相关 Negative (%)	0.31	0.77	0.82	0.84
	平均度 Average degree	17.308	14.465	5.282	5.212
	图直径 Graph diameter	44	37	29	18
	图密度 Graph density	0.023	0.011	0.004	0.006
	平均路径长度 Average path distance	14.746	14.512	9.020	4.574
	聚类系数 Clustering coefficient	0.771	0.745	0.596	0.700
	模块化 Modularity	0.801	0.647	0.865	0.813
随机网络 Random networks	平均路径长度 Average path distance	2.640	2.967	4.452	4.275
	平均聚类系数 Average clustering coefficient	0.022	0.011	0.004	0.007
	模块化 Modularity	0.200	0.220	0.426	0.427