Review

REVIEW OF RESEARCH ADVANCEMENTS ON SEED GERMINATION STIMULANTS OF ROOT PARASITIC PLANTS

Expand
  • Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medicinal College, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2008-07-10

  Accepted date: 2008-12-18

  Online published: 2009-05-31

Abstract

Root parasitic plants are a class of special angiosperms that obtain water and nutrients by attaching to the root of a host plant. Their seed germination requires induction of germination stimulants from the host. This review focuses on the distinctive characteristics of seed germination of root parasitic plants and signals known to stimulate this course, as well as their regulation mechanism and biosynthesis pathway. We detail the recognition mechanism between seed and stimulants and the function of signals in establishing the parasitic relationship between root parasitic plants or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and hosts. We also discuss present research problems and reflect on the future of this field.

Cite this article

ZHOU Feng, CHEN Jun, XU Rong, YU Jing . REVIEW OF RESEARCH ADVANCEMENTS ON SEED GERMINATION STIMULANTS OF ROOT PARASITIC PLANTS[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009 , 33(3) : 607 -616 . DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.020

References

[1] Akiyama K, Hayashi H (2006). Strigolactones:chemical signals for fungal symbionts and parasitic weeds in plant roots. Annals of Botany, 97,925-931.
[2] Akiyama K, Hayashi H (2008). Plastid-derived strigolac-tones show the way to roots for symbionts and para-sites. New Phytologist, 178,695-698.
[3] Akiyama K, Matsuzaki K, Hayashi H (2005). Plant ses-quiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nature, 435,824-827.
[4] Auldridge ME, McCarty DR, Klee HJ (2006). Plant carote-noid cleavage oxygenases and their apocarotenoid products. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 9,315-321.
[5] Babiker AGT, Ejeta G, Bulter LG, Woodson WR (1993). Ethylene biosynthesis and strigol-induced germination of Striga asiatica. Physiologia Plantarum, 88,359-365.
[6] Babiker AGT, Ma Y, Sugimoto Y, Inanaga S (2000). Con-ditioning period, CO2and GR24influence ethylene bio-synthesis and germination of Striga hermonthica. Physiologia Plantarum, 109,75-80.
[7] Bardgett RD, Smith RS, Shiel RS, Peacock S, Simkin JM, Quirk H, Hobbs PJ (2006). Parasitic plants indirectly regulate below-ground properties in grassland ecosys-tems. Nature, 439,969-972.
[8] Bidartondo MI, Redecker D, Hijrl I, Wiemken A, Bruns TD, Dominguez L, Sersic A, Leake JR, Read DJ (2002). Epiparasitic plants specialized on arbuscular my-corrhizal fungi. Nature, 419,389-392.
[9] Botella-Pavia P, Besumbes O, Phillips MA, CarreteroPaulet L, Boronat A, Rodriguez-Concepcion M (2004) Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants:evidence for a key role of hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate reductase in controlling the supply of plastidiaisoprenoid precursors. Plant Journal, 40,188-199.
[10] Bouwmeester HJ, Roux C, Lopez-Raez JA, Bécard G (2007). Rhizosphere communication of plants, para-sitic plants and AM fungi. Trends in Plant Science, 12,224-230.
[11] Butler LG (1989). Striga:scourge of African cereals.IN-TOSOMIL Publication Number89-1, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
[12] Chae SH, Yoneyama K, Takeuchi Y, JOEL DM (2004). Fluridone and norflurazon, carotenoid biosynthesis in-hibitors, promote seed conditioning and germination of the holoparasite Orobanche minor. Physiologia Plan-tarum, 120,328-337.
[13] Chang M, Lynn DG (1986). The haustorium and the chem-istry of host recognition in parasitic angiosperms. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 12,561-579.
[14] Chen DH (陈大华), Ye HC (叶和春), Li GF (李国凤), Liu Y (刘彦) (2000). Advances in molecular biology of plant isoprenoid metabolic pathway. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 42,551-558. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] Chittapur BM, Hunshal CS, Shenoy H (2001). Allelopathy in parasitic weed management:role of catch and trap crops. Allelopathy Journal, 8,147-159.
[16] Cook CE, Whichard LP, Turner B, Wall ME, Egley GH (1966). Germination of witchweed (Striga lutea) :iso-lation and properties of a potent stimulant. Science, 154,1189-1190.
[17] Cook CE, Whichard LP, Wall ME, Egley GH, Coggon P, Luhan PA, McPhail AT (1972). Germination stimu-lants II.The structure of strigol—a potent seed germi-nation stimulant for witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.). Journal of America Chemistry Society, 94,6198-6199.
[18] Dubé MP, Olivier A (2001). Striga gesnerioides and its host, cowpea:interaction and methods of control. Ca-nadian Journal of Botany, 79,1225-1240.
[19] Fan WM (樊文梅), Su GE (苏格尔) (2002). The compari-son of the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones between Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.and Avena chinensis Metag.during the germination of their seeds. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis NeiMongol (内蒙古大学学报自然科学版), 33,304-308. (in Chi-nese with English abstract).
[20] Fer A, Zehhar N (2001). Germination of Orobanche ramosa is contolled by gibberellins and ethylene.In:Fer A, Thalouarn P, Joel DM eds. Proceedings of the7th In-ternational Parasitic Weed Symposium.Faculte des Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, 122.
[21] Gomez-Roldan V, Fermas S, Brewer PB, Puech-Pagès V, Dun EA, Pillot JP, Letisse F, Matusova R, Danoun S, Portais JC, Bouwmeester H, Bécard G, Beveridge CA, Rameau C, Rochange SF (2008). Strigolactone inhibi-tion of shoot branching. Nature, 455,189-194.
[22] González-Verdejo CI, Barandiaran X, Moreno MT, Cubero JI, Di Pietro A (2005). An improved axenic system for studying pre-infection development of the parasitic plant Orobanche ramose. Annals of Botany, 96,1121-1127.
[23] Gworgwor NA, Weber HC (2003). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-parasite-host interaction for the control of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth.in sorghum[Sorghum bi-color (L.)Moench]. Mycorrhiza, 13,277-281.
[24] Hauck C, Müller S, Schildknecht H (1992). A germination stimulant for parasitic flowering plants from Sorghum bicolor, a genuine host plant. Journal of Plant Physi-ology, 139,474-478.
[25] Humphrey AJ, Galster AM, Beale MH (2006). Strigolac-tones in chemical ecology:waste products or vital al-lelochemicals? Natural Product Reports, 23,592-614.
[26] Joel DM, Stelfens JC, Matthews DE (1995). Germination of weedy root parasites.In:Kigel J, Galili G eds. Seed Development and Germination. CRC Press, New York, 567-597.
[27] Kusumoto D, Chae SH, Mukaida K, Yoneyama K, Yone-yama K, Joel DM, Takeuchi Y (2006). Effects of fluridone and norflurazon on conditioning and germi-nation of Striga asiatics seeds. Plant Growth Regula-tion, 48,73-78.
[28] Lendzemo VW, Kuyper TW, Matusova R, de Vos CH, Bouwmeester HJ, Narvaez L, van Ast A (2007). Colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of sor-ghum leads to reduced germination and subsequent at-tachment and emergence of Striga hermonthica. PlantSignalling&Behaviour, 2,58-62.
[29] Li TR (李天然), Xu YY (许月英), Ge JX (戈建新), Xu MY (徐梅英) (1989). The seed germination of Cistanche deserticola Ma and its relationship with host plant Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis NeiMongol (内蒙古大学学报自然科学版), 20,395-400. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30] Logan DC, Stewart CR (1991). Role of ethylene in the germination of the hemiparasite Striga hermonthica. Plant Physiology, 97,1435-1438.
[31] López-Ráez JA, Charnikhova T, Gómez-Roldán V, Matusova R, Kohlen W, de Vos R, Verstappen F, Puech-Pages V, Bécard G, Mulder P, Bouwmeester H (2008). Tomato strigolactones are derived from caro-tenoids and their biosynthesis is promoted by phos-phate starvation. New Phytologist, 178,863-874.
[32] Macías FA, García-Díaz MD, Carrera C, de Luque AP, Rubiales D, Galindo JCG (2005). Synthetic studies on germination stimulants of Orobanche species.In:Harper JDI, An M, Wu H, Kent JH eds. Proceedings of the4th World Congress on Allelopathy.Charles Sturt University, Wagga.
[33] Mangnus EM, Zwanenburg B (1992). Tentative molecular mechanisms for germination stimulation of Striga and Orobanche seeds by strigol and its synthetic ana-logues. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40,1066-1070.
[34] Matusova R, Rani K, Verstappen FW, Franssen MC, Beale MH, Bouwmeester HJ (2005). The strigolactone ger-mination stimulants of the plant-parasitic Striga and Orobanche spp.are derived from the carotenoid path-way. Plant Physiology, 139,920-934.
[35] Matusova R, van Mourik T, Bouwmeester HJ (2004). Changes in the sensitivity of parasitic weed seeds to germination stimulants. Seed Science Research, 14,335-344.
[36] Nickrent DL, Duff RJ, Colwell AE, Wolfe AD, Young NDSteiner KE, dePamphilis CW (1998). Molecular phy-logenetic and evolutionary studies of parasitic plants.In:Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ eds. Molecular Sys-tematics of PlantsⅡ.DNA Sequencing.Kluwer Aca-demic Publishers, Boston, 211-241.
[37] Nun NB, Plakhine D, Joel DM, Mayer AM (2003). Changes in the activity of the alternative oxidase in Orobanche seeds during conditioning and their possible physio-logical function. Phytochemistry, 64,235-241.
[38] Oswald A (2005). Striga control—technologies and thedissemination. Crop Protection, 24,333-342.
[39] Press MC, Graves JD (1995). Parasitic Plants. Chapman and Hall, London.
[40] Qiao XY (乔学义), Wang HL (王华磊), Guo YH (郭玉海) (2007). Study on conditions of seed germination of Cistanche. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica (中国中药杂志), 32,1848-1850. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[41] Radi A (2007). Conventional and biotechnological ap-proaches for control of parasitic weeds. In Vitro Cel-lular&Development Biology-Plant, 43,304-317.
[42] Redecker D, Kodner R, Graham LE (2000). Glomalean fungi from the Ordovician. Science, 289,1920-1921.
[43] Reizelman A, Wigchert SC, del-Bianco C, Zwanenburg B (2003). Synthesis and bioactivity of labelled germina-tion stimulants for the isolation and identification of the strigolactone receptor. Organic&Biomolecular Chemistry, 1,950-959.
[44] Remy W, Taylor TN, Hass H, Kerp H (1994). Four hun-dred-million-year-old vesicular arbuscular my-corrhizae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91,11841-11843.
[45] Sato D, Awad AA, Chae SH, Yokota T, Sugimoto Y, Ta-keuchi Y, Yoneyama K (2003). Analysis of strigolac-tones, germination stimulants for Striga and Oro-banche, by high-performance liquid chromatogra-phy/tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51,1162-1168.
[46] Sato D, Awad AA, Takeuchi Y, Yoneyama K (2005). Con-firmation and quantification of strigolactones, germi-nation stimulants for root parasitic plants Striga and Orobanche, produced by cotton. Bioscience Biotech-nology&Biochemistry, 69,98-102.
[47] Sheng JH (盛晋华), Zhai ZX (翟志席), Yang TX (杨太新), Guo YX (郭玉海) (2004). Study on biology of para-sitic plant. Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology (中国农业科技导报), 6,57-62. (in Chi-nese with English abstract).
[48] Sheng JH (盛晋华), Zhang XJ (张雄杰), Liu HY (刘宏义), Li L (李莉) (2006a). The summarize of parasitic plant. Bulletin of Biology (生物学通报), 41,9-13. (in Chi-nese).
[49] Sheng JH (盛晋华), Zhang XJ (张雄杰), Liu HY (刘宏义), Li L (李莉) (2006b). Study on the effects of layer ac-cumulation on the seed post-maturation of Desertliving Cistanche. China Seed Industry (中国种业), 3,23-24. (in Chinese)
[50] Sheng JH (盛晋华), Zhang XJ (张雄杰), Liu HY (刘宏义), Li L (李莉) (2006c). The influence of post havest rip-ening on content of seed entogenous hormone in Cis-tanche deserticola Y.C.Ma. Seed (种子), 25,1-3. (inChinese with English abstract).
[51] Siame BA, Weerasuriya Y, Wood K, Ejeta G, Butler LG (1993). Isolation of strigol, a germination stimulant for Striga asiatica, from host plants. Journal of Agricul-tural and Food Chemistry, 41,1486-1491.
[52] Song WJ (宋文坚), Jin ZL (金宗来), Cao DD (曹栋栋), Tang GX (唐桂香), Zhou WJ (周伟军) (2006). Seed germination characteristics of parasitic plant and its host recognition mechanisms. Chinese Journal of Ap-plied Ecology (应用生态学报), 17,335-339. (in Chi-nese with English abstract) X.
[53] Song WJ, Zhou WJ, Jin ZL, Cao DD, Joel DM, Takeuchl Y, Yoneyama K (2005). Germination response of Oro-banche seeds subjected to conditioning temperature, water potential and growth regulator treatments. Weed Research, 45,467-476.
[54] Sugimoto Y, Wigchert SCM, Thuring JWJF, Zwanenburg B (1998). Synthesis of all eight stereoisomers of thegermination stimulant sorgolactone. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 64,1259-1267.
[55] Sun Z, Hans J, Walter MH, Matusova R, Beekwilder J, Verstappen FW, Ming Z, van Echtelt E, Strack D, Bisseling T, Bouwmeester HJ (2008). Cloning andcharacterisation of a maize carotenoid cleavage di-oxygenase (ZmCCD1) and its involvement in the bio-synthesis of apocarotenoids with various roles in mu-tualistic and parasitic interactions. Planta, 228,789-801.
[56] Thuring JWJF, Heinsman NWJT, Jacobs RWAWM, Ne-fkens GHL, Zwanenburg B (1997). Asymmetric syn-thesis of all stereoisomers of the strigol analog GR24.Dependence of the absolute configuration on the stimulatory activity of Striga hermonthica and Oro-banche crenata seed germination. Journal of Agricul-tural and Food Chemistry, 45,2278-2283.
[57] Umehara M, Hanada A, Yoshida S, Akiyama K, Arite T, Takeda-Kamiya N, Magome H, Kamiya Y, Shirasu K, Yoneyama K, Kyozuka J, Yamaguchi S (2008). Inhibi-tion of shoot branching by new terpenoid plant hor-mones. Nature, 455,195-200.
[58] Wigchert SCM, Zwanenburg B (1999). A critical account on the inception of Striga seed germination. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47,1320-1325.
[59] Xie XN, Kusumoto D, Takeuchi Y, Yoneyama K, Yamada Y, Yoneyama K (2007). 2'-Epi-orobanchol and so-lanacol, two unique strigolactones, germination stimu-lants for root parasitic weeds, produced by tobacco. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55,8067-8072.
[60] Xie XN, Yoneyama K, Kusumoto D, Yamada Y, Takeuchi Y, Sugimoto Y, Yoneyama K (2008a). Sorgomol, ger-mination stimulant for root parasitic plants, produced by Sorghum bicolor. Tetrahedron Letters, 49,2066-2068.
[61] Xie XN, Yoneyama K, Kusumoto D, Yamada Y, Yokota T, Takeuchi Y, Yoneyama K (2008b). Isolation and iden-tification of alectrol as (+) -orobanchyl acetate, a germination stimulant for root parasitic plants. Phyto-chemistry, 69,427-431.
[62] Yasuda N, Sugimoto Y, Kato M, Inanaga S, Yoneyama K (2003). (+) -Strigol, a witchweed seed germination stimulant, from Menispermum dauricum root culture. Phytochemistry, 62,1115-1119.
[63] Yokota T, Sakai H, Okuno K, Yoneyama K, Takeuchi Y (1998). Alectrol and orobanchol, germination stimu-lants for Orobanche minor, from its host red clover. Phytochemistry, 49,1967-1973.
[64] Yoneyama K, Takeuchi Y, Ogasawara M, Konnai M, Su-gimoto Y, Sassa T (1998). Cotylenins and fusicoccins stimulate seed germination of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth and Orobanche minor Smith. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46,1583-1586.
[65] Yoneyama K, Takeuchi Y, Yokota T (2001). Production of clover broomrape seed germination stimulants by red clover root requires nitrate but is inhibited by phos-phate and ammonium. Physiologia Plantarum, 112,25-30.
[66] Yoneyama K, Xie XN, Kusumoto D, Sekimoto H, Sugimoto Y, Takeuchi Y, Yoneyama K (2007a). Nitrogen defi-ciency as well as phosphorus deficiency in sorghum promotes the production and exudation of5-deoxystrigol, the host recognition signal for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root parasites. Planta, 227,125-132.
[67] Yoneyama K, Yoneyama K, Takeuchi Y, Sekimoto H (2007b). Phosphorus deficiency in red clover promotes exudation of orobanchol, the signal for mycorrhizal symbionts and germination stimulant for root parasites. Planta, 225,1031-1038.
[68] Zehhar N, Ingouuj M, Bouya D, Fer A (2002). Possible involvement of gibberellins and ethylene in Orobanche ramose germination. Weed Research, 42,464-469.
[69] Zhou WJ, Xie XN, Song WJ, Sato D, Takeuchi Y, Yone-yama K (2003). Changes of germination and ABA lev-els in Orobanche seeds under conditions of stress.In:Japanese Society for Chemical Regulation of Plants ed. Proceedings of38th Chemical Regulation of Plants. SASAKI Printing&Publishing Co., LTD., Nagoya, Japan, 41-42.
[70] Zwanenburg B, Reizelman A (2001). En route to the isola-tion and characterization of the strigolactone receptor using biotin labeled strigolactone analogues.In:Fer A, Thalouarn P, Joel DM, Musselman LJ, Parker C, Verkleij JAC eds. Proceedings of the7th International Parasitic Weed Symposium.University of Nantes, Nantes,102-105.
Outlines

/