Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology >
A feasible method for measuring photosynthesis in vitro for major tree species in northeastern China
Received date: 2010-06-22
Accepted date: 2011-01-18
Online published: 2011-04-13
Aims Tree leaf photosynthesis is often difficult to measure in situ because of the physical inaccessibility of the tree canopy. One simple, inexpensive solution is to measure photosynthesis in vitro, but its validity and reliability for specific tree species need verification. Our goals were to determine (a) which in vitro measurement methods would result in detached leaves maintaining as high photosynthetic activity as in situ, (b) how long the photosynthetic activity of detached leaves can be sustained and (c) the reliability and feasibility of in vitro measurements.
Methods We selected seven major tree species with divergent ecophysiological characteristics in the temperate forest of northeastern China: coniferous (Pinus koraiensis and Larix olgensis), diffuse-porous (Betula platyphylla and Juglans mandshurica) and ring-porous (Fraxinus mandshurica, Ulmus macrocarpa and Quercus mongolica) species. We used the time for the photosynthetic rate to recover 90% of its pre-photoinducement value (T90) and leaf transpiration rate (E) to assess the water supply and photosynthetic activity of detached leaves. Based on this, we determined an optimal in vitro protocol for measuring photosynthesis of detached leaves. We simultaneously monitored the duration of relatively stable photosynthetic rates after leaves had been detached. We then compared the differences in gas exchange parameters between in situ and in vitro measurements with the chosen protocol to determine the reliability of the protocol for each tree species.
Important findings The detached leaves of all measured tree species except for Q. mongolica had the potential to maintain relatively high, stable water supply and photosynthetic activity. The optimal protocol of in vitro photosynthesis measurements for the other six tree species was to insert the twigs or compound leaves into water immediately following detaching, girdle phloem about 3 cm from the cut and remove all leaves except the target ones. T90 differed significantly among the six tree species (p < 0.05), and the ring-porous tree species had significantly greater T90 than the other species. The leaf water supply and photosynthetic activity for the six species was effectively maintained for one hour following detachment, during which most of the gas exchange parameters measured did not differ significantly between in situ and in vitro measurements. Therefore, this study provided a feasible protocol of in vitro measurement of leaf photosynthesis for the six temperate tree species.
Key words： gas exchange; in situ; in vitro; photosynthetic activity; stable time; temperate forest
TANG Yan, WANG Chuan-Kuan . A feasible method for measuring photosynthesis in vitro for major tree species in northeastern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011 , 35(4) : 452 -462 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00452
| [1] | Ackerson RC, Krieg DR (1977). Stomatal and nonstomatal regulation of water use in cotton, corn, and sorghum. Plant Physiology, 60, 850-853. |
| [2] | Allen MT, Pearcy RW (2000). Stomatal versus biochemical limitations to dynamic photosynthetic performance in four tropical rainforest shrub species. Oecologia, 122, 479-486. |
| [3] | Bhagwat AS (1981). Activation of spinach ribulose 1,5-bispho- sphate carboxylase by inorganic phosphate. Plant Science Letters, 23, 197-206. |
| [4] | Canadell JG, Mooney HA, Baldocchi DD, Berry JA, Ehleringer JR, Field CB, Gower ST, Hollinger DY, Hunt JE, Jackson RB, Running SW, Shaver GR, Steffen W, Trumbore SE, Valentini R, Bond BY (2000). Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere: a multitechnique approach for improved understanding. Ecosystems, 3, 115-130. |
| [5] | Chen DX (陈德祥), Li YD (李意德), Luo TS (骆土寿), Chen BF (陈步峰), Lin MX (林明献) (2003). Study on photosynthetic physiological ecology of Cryptocarya chinensis in tropical montane rain forest in Jianfengling, Hainan Island. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 16, 540-547. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [6] | Chen GS (陈广胜), Guo MH (郭明辉), Huang Y (黄冶) (2001). The radial variation patterns of anatomical characteristics of larch wood for different planting density. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 29, 12-16. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [7] | Choudhury BJ (2000). A sensitivity analysis of the radiation use efficiency for gross photosynthesis and net carbon accumulation by wheat. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 101, 217-234. |
| [8] | Cochard H, Tyree MT (1990). Xylem dysfunction in Quercus: vessel sizes, tyloses, cavitation and seasonal changes in embolism. Tree Physiology, 6, 393-407. |
| [9] | Dixon RK, Brown S, Houghton RA, Solomon AM, Trexler MC, Wisniewski J (1994). Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. Science, 263, 185-190. |
| [10] | Edwards WRN, Jarvis PG (1982). Relations between water content, potential and permeability in stems of conifers. Plant, Cell & Environment, 5, 271-277. |
| [11] | Fang JY (方精云), Tang YH (唐艳鸿), Lin JD (林俊达), Jiang GM (蒋高明) (2000). Global Ecology: Climate Change and Ecological Response (全球生态学: 气候变化与生态响应). Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [12] | Farquhar GD, von Caemmerer S, Berry JA (1980). A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species. Planta, 149, 78-90. |
| [13] | Fay PA, Knapp AK (1995). Stomatal and photosynthetic responses to shade in sorghum, soybean and eastern gamagrass. Physiologia Plantarum, 94, 613-620. |
| [14] | Flexas J, Medrano H (2002). Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited. Annals of Botany, 89, 183-189. |
| [15] | Gimenez C, Mitchell VJ, Lawlor DW (1992). Regulation of photosynthetic rate of two sunflower hybrids under water stress. Plant Physiology, 98, 516-524. |
| [16] | Guo MH (郭明辉) (2001). The radial variation of anatomical characteristics of wood of Pinus koraiensis plantation forest. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 29, 12-15. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [17] | Han LJ (韩丽娟), Zhou CL (周春丽), Wu SM (吴树明) (2002). Comparative anatomical studies on the vessel elements in the secondary xylem of Juglandaceae from China and discussion on their evolutionary position. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 22, 1426-1431. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [18] | Huang YQ (黄玉清), Mo L (莫凌), Zhao P (赵平), Zhang ZF (张中峰), He CX (何成新) (2008). Comparison of gas exchanges between in situ and abscised leaves of high arbor trees: a case study of Cyclobalanopsis glauca under three habitats. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 28, 4508-4516. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [19] | Huo H (霍宏), Wang CK (王传宽) (2007). Effects of canopy position and leaf age on photosynthesis and transpiration of Pinus koraiensis. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 18, 1181-1186. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [20] | Koike T (1986). A method for measuring photosynthesis with detached parts of deciduous broad-leaved trees in Hokkaido. Journal of the Japanese Forestry of Society, 68, 425-428. |
| [21] | Koike T, Sakagami Y (1984). Examination of methods of measuring photosynthesis with detached parts of three species of birch in Hokkaido. Journal of the Japanese Forestry of Society, 66, 337-340. |
| [22] | Liu XD (刘贤德), Shen YG (沈允钢) (2005). The dynamic connection and regulation of photosynthetic partial reactions. Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences (生命科学), 17, 341-345. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [23] | Long SP, Bernacchi CJ (2003). Gas exchange measurements, what can they tell us about the underlying limitations to photosynthesis? Procedures and sources of error. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54, 2393-2401. |
| [24] | McCulloh K, Sperry JS, Lachenbruch B, Meinzer FC, Reich PB, Voelker S (2010). Moving water well: comparing hydraulic efficiency in twigs and trunks of coniferous, ring-porous, and diffuse-porous saplings from temperate and tropical forests. New Phytologist, 186, 439-450. |
| [25] | Peng CH, Zhou XL, Zhao SQ, Wang XP, Zhu B, Piao SL, Fang JY (2009). Quantifying the response of forest carbon balance to future climate change in northeastern China: model validation and prediction. Global and Planetary Change, 66, 179-194. |
| [26] | Peng HY (彭海源), Chen BL (陈伯林), Li J (李坚), Li N (李娜), Ding HX (丁汉喜), Qiao YJ (乔玉娟), Cui YZ (崔永志) (1988). Study of the ultrastructure of ring porous woods of main hardwoods in northeast of China. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 16, 89-94. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [27] | Peng HY (彭海源), Li J (李坚), Ding HX (丁汉喜), Cui YZ (崔永志), Qiao YJ (乔玉娟) (1990). Ultrastructure of six broadleaved species of diffuse porous in northeast China. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 18, 72-79. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [28] | Rao IM, Arulanantham AR, Terry N (1989). Leaf phosphate status, photosynthesis and carbon partitioning in sugar beet. II. Diurnal changes in sugar phosphates, adenylates, and nicotinamide nucleotides. Plant Physiology, 90, 820-826. |
| [29] | Rao IM, Fredeen AL, Terry N (1990). Leaf phosphate status, photosynthesis, and carbon partitioning in sugar beet. III. Diurnal changes in carbon partitioning and carbon export. Plant Physiology, 92, 29-36. |
| [30] | Saliendra NZ, Sperry JS, Comstock JP (1995). Influence of leaf water status on stomatal response to humidity, hydraulic conductance, and soil drought in Betula occidentalis. Planta, 196, 357-366. |
| [31] | Sassenrath-Cole GF, Pearcy RW (1992). The role of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration in the induction requirement of photosynthetic CO2 exchange under transient light conditions. Plant Physiology, 99, 227-234. |
| [32] | Shen WJ (申卫军) (1999). Xylem cavitation and embolization in woody plants (review). Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany (热带亚热带植物学报), 7, 257-266. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [33] | Song QH (宋清海), Zhang YP (张一平), Zheng Z (郑征), Yu GR (于贵瑞), Sun XM (孙晓敏) (2006). Physiology and ecology of Pometia tomentosa photosynthesis in tropical seasonal rain forest. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 17, 961-966. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [34] | Tyree MT, Sperry JS (1989). Vulnerability of xylem to cavitation and embolism. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 40, 19-38. |
| [35] | Vassiliev IR, Kolber Z, Wyman KD, Mauzerall D, Shukla VK, Falkowski PG (1995). Effects of iron limitation on photosystem II composition and light utilization in Dunaliella tertiolecta. Plant Physiology, 109, 963-972. |
| [36] | Wang BX (王碧霞), Liao YM (廖咏梅), Huang YY (黄尤优), Jiang XM (蒋雪梅), Xu X (胥晓) (2009). Sex-specific heterogeneity in stomatal distribution and gas exchange of male and female Populus cathayana leaves. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 31, 439-446. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [37] | Wang CK (2006). Biomass allometric equations for 10 co-occurring tree species in Chinese temperate forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 222, 9-16. |
| [38] | Wang CK, Yang JY, Zhang QZ (2006). Soil respiration in six temperate forests in China. Global Change Biology, 12, 2103-2114. |
| [39] | Wang M (王淼), Li QR (李秋荣), Hao ZQ (郝占庆), Dong BL (董百丽) (2004). Effects of soil water regimes on the growth of Quercus mongolica seedlings in Changbai Mountain. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 15, 1765-1770. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [40] | Woodrow IE, Mott KA (1989). Rate limitation of non-steady- state photosynthesis by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in spinach. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 16, 487-500. |
| [41] | Wu JB (吴家兵), Guan DX (关德新), Zhang M (张弥), Shi TT (施婷婷), Han SJ (韩士杰), Jin CJ (金昌杰) (2006). Photosynthetic characteristics of Quercus mongolica in region of Changbai Mountain. Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院研究生院学报), 23, 548-554. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [42] | Xu DQ (许大全) (1984). Stomatal movement with photosynthesis. Plant Physiology Communications (植物生理学通讯), (6), 6-12. (in Chinese) |
| [43] | Xu DQ (许大全) (2002). Photosynthetic Efficiency (光合作用效率). Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, Shanghai. (in Chinese) |
| [44] | Xu DQ (许大全) (2006). Some noteworthy problems in measurement and investigation of photosynthesis. Plant Physiology Communications (植物生理学通讯), 42, 1163-1167. (in Chinese) |
| [45] | Xu DQ (许大全), Xu BJ (徐宝基) (1989). The role of stomatal limitation in photosynthetic induction of plant leaves. Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica (植物生理学报), 15, 275-280. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [46] | Zhang DW (张大维), Shi FC (石福臣) (2004). Morphological anatomical studies on Betulaceae vessel element from Heilongjiang Province, China. Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究), 24, 158-161. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [47] | Zhao XY (赵晓焱), Wang CK (王传宽), Huo H (霍宏) (2008). Variations in photosynthetic capacity and associated factors for Larix gmelinii from diverse origins. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 28, 3798-3807. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [48] | Zimmermann MH (1983). Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap. Springer, Berlin. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
Tel: 010-62836134, 62836138, E-mail: apes@ibcas.ac.cn, cjpe@ibcas.ac.cn
