Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology >
DYNAMICS OF LEAF AREA INDEX AND CANOPY OPENNESS FOR THREE FOREST COMMUNITIES IN THE WARM TEMPERATE ZONE OF CHINA
Received date: 2006-06-02
Accepted date: 2006-10-19
Online published: 2007-05-30
Aims Leaf area index (LAI) and canopy openness are two important biophysical parameters of canopy structure related to water and carbon fluxes and light interception. They are not only key variables in ecological and climate models, but also important indicators of forest ecosystem productivity. Accurate estimates of LAI and canopy openness are required in studies of ecophysiology, atmosphere-ecosystem interactions, and global change. Many researches have been done in Dongling Mountain in the warm temperate zone; however, fewer studies have focused on LAI and canopy openness. The objective of this study is to measure and analyze the dynamics of LAI and canopy openness of three typical forest communities in this area. Results will be useful in testing and validating LAI estimations based on remote sensing, providing reference for study of canopy heterogeneity and its effects and modeling carbon, water and energy fluxes from stand to landscape levels.
Methods We used hemispherical photographs taken from the ground through a fisheye lens for indirectly assessing LAI and canopy openness. Photos were taken in May, August, September and November 2005 in deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), Larix principis-rupprechtii forest (LF) and Pinus tabulaeformis forest (PF).
Important findings The LAI of DBF and LF increased gradually with plant growth and development to August. The lowest value of canopy openness appeared in November. DBF maintained a higher LAI in August and was more open in November compared to LF. For PF, we observed few changes of LAI and canopy openness, which we attribute to leaf retention of this evergreen species. In all forests, canopy openness varied inversely with LAI. The correlation was exponential and significant; therefore, canopy openness is a good indicator of LAI in these forests.
Key words： leaf area index; canopy openness; dynamics
CHEN Sha, SANG Wei-Guo . DYNAMICS OF LEAF AREA INDEX AND CANOPY OPENNESS FOR THREE FOREST COMMUNITIES IN THE WARM TEMPERATE ZONE OF CHINA[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007 , 31(3) : 431 -436 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0052
| [1] | Bréda NJJ (2003). Ground-based mesurements of leaf area index:a review of methods, instruments and current controversies. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54, 2403-2417. |
| [2] | Chen JM(1996). Optically-based methods for measuring seasonal variation of leaf area index in boreal conifer stands. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 80, 135-163. |
| [3] | Chen JM, Cihlar J(1996). Retreiving leaf area index of boreal conifer forests using landsat TM images. Remote Sensing of Environment, 55, 153-162. |
| [4] | Chen LZ(陈灵芝), Huang JH(黄建辉) (1997). Study on the Characteristics and Function of the Forest Ecosystem in the Warm Temperate Zone (暖温带森林生态系统结构与功能的研究). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [5] | Eriksson H, Eklundh L, Hall K, Lindroth A(2005). Estimating LAI in deciduous forest stands. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 129, 27-37. |
| [6] | Fang SZ(方升佐), Xu XZ(徐锡增), Lü SX(吕士行), Tang LZ(唐罗忠), Cao FL(曹福亮)(1998). Leaf area index and biomass productivity of mid- and short rotation poplar plantations for pulp timber. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 9, 225-230. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [7] | Fang XQ (方秀琴), Zhang WC(张万昌)(2003). The application of remotely sensed data to the estimation of the leaf area index. Remote Sensine for Land & Resources (国土资源遥感), 57(3), 58-62. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [8] | Fassnacht KS, Gower ST, Norman JM, McMurtrue RE(1994). A comparison of optical and direct methods for estimating foliage surface area index in forests. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 71, 183-207. |
| [9] | Frazer GW, Canaham CD, Lertzman KP(1999). Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), Version 2.0: Imaging Software to Extract Canopy Structure and Gap Light Transmission Indices From True-Colour Fisheye Photographs, Users Manual and Program Documentation. Millbrook, New York. |
| [10] | Gholz HL(1982). Environmental limits on above-ground net primary production, leaf area and biomass in vegetation zones of the Pacific North West. Ecology, 63, 469-481. |
| [11] | Hu LJ(胡良军), Shao MA(邵明安)(2001). Vegetation coverage index in soil and water loss studies. Journal of Northwest Forestry University (西北林学院学报), 16(1), 40-43. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [12] | Hui FM(惠凤鸣), Tian QJ(田庆久), Jin ZY(金震宇), Li HT(李海涛)(2003). Research and quantitative analysis of the correlation between vegetation index and leaf area index. Remote Sensing Information (遥感信息), (2), 10-13. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [13] | Inge J, Stefan F, Kris N, Bart M, Pol C, Marie W, Frédéris B(2004). Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination. Ⅰ. Theories, sensors and hemispherical photograph. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 121, 19-35. |
| [14] | Kucharik CJ, Norman JM, Gower ST(1998). Measurements of branch area and adjusting leaf area index indirect measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 91, 69-88. |
| [15] | Lassoies J, Hinckely TM (1991). Techniques and Approaches in Forest Physiology. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton. |
| [16] | Li XW(李小文), Wang JD(王锦地)(1995). Plant Photon Remote Sensing Model and Parameterizing of Plant Structure (植被光学遥感模型与植被结构参数化). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| [17] | Liu J(刘建), He WM(何维明), Fang ZL(房志玲)(2005). Spatial characteristics of soil moisture and organic matter and light in Pinus tabulaeformis forest and Quercus liaotungensis forest on Dongling Mountain, Beijing, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 25, 2954-2960. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [18] | McNaughton KG (1983). Predicting effects of vegetation on changes on transpiration and evaporation. In: Kozlowski TT ed. Water Deficits and Plant Growth.. Academic Press, Londong, 718. |
| [19] | Pierce LL, Running RW(1998). Rapid estimation of coniferous forest leaf area index using a portable integrating radiometer. Ecology, 69, 1762-1767. |
| [20] | Running SW, Coughlan JC(1988). A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. Ⅰ. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes. Ecological Modelling, 42, 125-154. |
| [21] | Vales DJ, Bunnell FL(1998). Comparison of methods for estimating forest overstory cover. Ⅰ. Observer effects. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 18, 606-609. |
| [22] | Wang XQ(王希群), Ma LY(马履一), Jia ZK(贾忠奎), Xu CY(徐程扬)(2005). Research and application advances in leaf area index. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 24, 537-541. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [23] | Zhang HQ(张红旗), Chen YR(陈永瑞), Niu D(牛栋)(2004). Retrieving effective leaf area index of conifer forests using Landsat TM images in red soil hilly region. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis (江西农业大学学报), 26, 159-163. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [24] | Zhang JH(张佳华) (2001). Study on models for evaluating primary productivity of natural vegetation and crop yield. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai (上海农业学报), 17, 83-89. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [25] | Zhang ZP(张祝平) (1990). The radiation absorption efficiency of photosynthesis of the forest communities in the Dinghu Mountain. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica (植物生态学与地植物学学报), 14, 139-150. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [26] | Zhao P(赵平), Zeng XP(曾小平), Cai XA(蔡锡安), Peng SL(彭少麟)(2002). Report on measurement of leaf area index of low subtropical forests by using digital plant canopy imager. Guihaia (广西植物), 22, 485-489. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [27] | Zhou YY(周宇宇), Tang SH(唐世浩), Zhu QJ(朱启疆), Li JT(李江涛), Sun R(孙睿), Liu SH(刘素红)(2003). Measurement of LAI in Changbai Mountains nature reserve and its result. Resources Science (资源科学), 25(6), 38-42. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [28] | Zhu JJ(朱教君) (2003). Method for measurement of optical stratification porosity (OSP) and its application in studies of management for secondary forests. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 14, 1229-1233. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [29] | Zhu CQ(朱春全), Lei JP(雷静品), Liu XD(刘晓东), Wang FG(王富国), Cheng GZ(成桂珍)(2001). The distribution and seasonal change of leaf area in poplar plantations managed in different ways. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 37(1), 46-51. (in Chinese with English |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
