Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology >
Effect of stem length to stem slender ratio of current-year twigs on the leaf display efficiency in evergreen and deciduous broadleaved trees
Received date: 2017-04-05
Accepted date: 2016-12-12
Online published: 2017-07-19
Aims Branches and leaves are the two main structural units of tree crown composition. Among the adaptive strategies of plants, the functional traits of branches and the relationships between branch traits and leaf traits determine the capacity of trees to access light and space. In this study, our objective is to test the hypothesis that leaf display efficiency is affected by the stem length to stem slender ratio within current-year twigs.Methods The stem length to stem slender ratios of current-year twigs were used as the proxy of stem structure traits. Leaf area ratio (total leaf area per stem mass), leaf density (leaf number per stem length) and leaf/stem mass ratio (total leaf mass per stem mass) were used as the proxies of leaf display efficiency. The relationship between stem structure traits and leaf display efficiency within current-year twigs were studied for 25 evergreen and 60 deciduous broadleaved woody species in Qingliang Mountain, Zhejiang, China. The standardized major axis estimation method was used to examine the scaling relationship between stem structural traits and leaf display efficiency within current-year twigs.Important findings The proxies of leaf display efficiency, measured by leaf area ratio, leaf density or leaf/stem mass ratio, were all significantly and negative correlated with stem length to stem slender ratio within current-year twigs in both evergreen and deciduous broadleaved woody species. This suggested that leaf display efficiency decreased with stem length to stem slender ratios within current-year twigs, which may reflect the role of mechanical safety and light within twigs. The slope of the relationship between leaf display efficiency and stem long-dimension structure traits in evergreen species was not significantly different from the one in deciduous species. In contrast, the y-intercept of the relationship between leaf density and stem long-dimension structure traits was significantly larger in evergreen species than in deciduous species, i.e. the leafing intensity of evergreen species was higher than that of deciduous species. Individual leaf area and specific leaf area were smaller in evergreen species than in deciduous species, which resulted in deciduous species have a larger leaf area per stem mass and leaf mass per stem mass at a given stem length to stem slender ratio compared to evergreen species. It may reflect the conservative adaptive strategy of high consumption and slow benefit in evergreen species. Our results demonstrated that leaf display efficiency could be affected by stem length, and would change with leaf life-span (deciduous versus evergreen).
Jun-Hui LI, Guo-Quan PENG, Dong-Mei YANG . Effect of stem length to stem slender ratio of current-year twigs on the leaf display efficiency in evergreen and deciduous broadleaved trees[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017 , 41(6) : 650 -660 . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0376
| [1] | Bell AD (1984). Dynamic morphology: A contribution to plant population ecology. In: Dirzo R ed. Perspectives on Plant Population Ecology . Sinaner, Sunderland, USA. |
| [2] | Bicknell SH (1982). Development of canopy stratification during early succession in northern hardwoods.Forest Eco- logy & Management, 4, 41-51. |
| [3] | Boojh R, Ramakrishnan PS (1982). Growth strategy of trees related to successional status. I. Architecture and extension growth.Forest Ecology & Management, 4, 359-374. |
| [4] | Borchert R, Slade NA (1981). Bifurcation ratios and the adaptive geometry of trees.Botanical Gazette, 142, 394-401. |
| [5] | Caesar JC, Macdonald AD (1984). Shoot development in Betula papyrifera. IV. Comparisons between growth characteristics and expression of vegetative long and short shoots. Canadian Journal of Botany, 62, 446-453. |
| [6] | Cavender-Bares J, Cortes P, Rambal S, Joffre R, Miles B, Rocheteau A (2005). Summer and winter sensitivity of leaves and xylem to minimum freezing temperatures: A comparison of co-occurring Mediterranean oaks that differ in leaf lifespan.New Phytologist, 168, 597-612. |
| [7] | Cavender-Bares J, Holbrook NM (2001). Hydraulic properties and freezing-induced cavitation in sympatric evergreen and deciduous oaks with contrasting habitats.Plant, Cell & Environment, 24, 1243-1256. |
| [8] | Chen B, Song YC, Da LJ (2002). Woody plant architecture and its research in plant ecology.Chinese Journal of Ecology, 21, 52-56. (in Chinese with English abstract)[ 陈波, 宋永昌, 达良俊 (2002). 木本植物的构型及其在植物生态学研究的进展. 生态学杂志, 21, 52-56.] |
| [9] | Cheng LY, Cao T, Zhang HW, Yu J (2016). Studies on flora of bryophytes in Qingliangfeng National Reserve, Zhejiang Province.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 23, 398-403. (in Chinese with English abstract)[ 程丽媛, 曹同, 张宏伟, 于晶 (2016). 浙江省清凉峰自然保护区苔藓植物区系成分研究. 西北植物学报, 36, 398-403.] |
| [10] | Coley PD (1988). Effects of plant growth rate and leaf lifetime on the amount and type of anti-herbivore defense.Oecologia, 74, 531-536. |
| [11] | Cornelissen JHC (1999). A triangular relationship between leaf size and seed size among woody species: Allometry, ontogeny, ecology and taxonomy.Oecologia, 118, 248-255. |
| [12] | Corner EJH (1949). The durian theory or the origin of the modern tree.Annals of Botany, 13, 367-414. |
| [13] | Day ME, Greenwood MS, Diazsala C (2002). Age- and size- related trends in woody plant shoot development: Regulatory pathways and evidence for genetic control.Tree Physiology, 22, 507-513. |
| [14] | Dean TJ, Long JN (1986). Validity of constant-stress and elastic-instability principles of stem formation inPinus contorta and Trifolium pratense. Annals of Botany, 58, 833-840. |
| [15] | Diemer M (1998). Life span and dynamics of leaves of herbaceous perennials in high-elevation environments: “News from the elephant’s leg”.Functional Ecology, 12, 413-425. |
| [16] | Dong L, Jia GX, Su XH (2003). Change of the leaf tissue structure of evergreen broad-leaf plants during overwintering.Acta Horticulture Sinica, 30, 59-64. (in Chinese with English abstract)[ 董丽, 贾桂霞, 苏雪痕 (2003). 常绿阔叶植物越冬期间叶片组织结构的适应性变化. 园艺学报, 30, 59-64.] |
| [17] | Falster DS, Warton DI, Wright IJ (. |
| [18] | Gartner BL (1995).Plant Stems:Physiology and Functional Morphology . Academic Press, San Diego, USA. |
| [19] | Givnish TJ (1986). Biomechanical constraints on self-thinning in plant populations.Journal of Theoretical Biology, 119, 139-146. |
| [20] | Gregory RA (1980). Annual cycle of shoot development in sugar maple.Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 10, 316-326. |
| [21] | Harvey PH, Pagel MD (1991). The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 239. |
| [22] | Honda H, Fisher JB (1978). Tree branch angle: Maximizing effective leaf area.Science, 199, 888-890. |
| [23] | Horn HS (1971). The adaptive geometry of trees.Botanical Gazette, 142, 394-401. |
| [24] | Kikuzawa K (1991). A cost-benefit analysis of leaf habit and leaf longevity of trees and their geographical pattern.The American Naturalist, 138, 1250-1263. |
| [25] | Kikuzawa K (1995). Leaf phenology as an optimal strategy for carbon gain in plants.Canadian Journal Botany, 73, 158-163. |
| [26] | King D (1981). Tree dimensions: Maximizing the rate of height growth in dense stands.Oecologia, 51, 351-356. |
| [27] | King D, Loucks OL (1978). The theory of tree bole and branch form.Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 15, 141-165. |
| [28] | King DA (1986). Tree form, height growth, and susceptibility to wind damage inAcer saccharum. Ecology, 67, 980-990. |
| [29] | Kleiman D, Aarssen LW (2007). The leaf size/number trade-off in trees.Journal of Ecology, 95, 376-382. |
| [30] | Koike F (1989). Foliage-crown development and interaction inQuercus gilva and Q. acuta. Journal of Ecology, 77, 92-111. |
| [31] | Li G, Yang D, Sun S (2008). Allometric relationships between lamina area, lamina mass and petiole mass of 93 temperate woody species vary with leaf habit, leaf form and altitude.Functional Ecology, 22, 557-564. |
| [32] | Li YX, Liu YC (1996). The neighbourhood modular interference effects of seedlings of Gordonia acuminata. Journal of Southwest China Normal University (Natural Science), 21, 271-275. (in Chinese with English abstract)[ 黎云祥, 刘玉成 (1996). 四川大头茶苗木构件水平的邻体干扰效应. 西南师范大学学报自然科学版, 21, 271-275.] |
| [33] | Liu YF (2015). The Study on Anatomical Structures Character and Its Environmental Adaptation of Leaves from Broad- Leaf Woody Plants in Gongga Mountain. Master degree dissertation, Southwest University, Chongqing. (in Chinese with English abstract)[ 刘艳芳 (2015). 贡嘎山阔叶木本植物叶片解剖结构特征及其环境适应研究. 硕士学位论文, 西南大学, 重庆.] |
| [34] | Long JN, Smith FW, Scott DRM (1981). The role of Douglas- fir stem sapwood and heartwood in the mechanical and physiological support of crowns and development of stem form.Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 11, 459-464. |
| [35] | Maruyama K (1983). Shoot characteristics as a function of the bud length on Japanese beech trees.Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, 65, 43-51. |
| [36] | Mcmahon T (1973). Size and shape in biology.Science, 179, 1201-1204. |
| [37] | Niklas KJ, Kerchner V (1984). Mechanical and photosynthetic constraints on the evolution of plant shape.Paleobiology, 10, 79-101. |
| [38] | Niklas KJ (1988). The role of phyllotactic pattern as a “developmental constraint” on the interception of light by leaf surfaces.Evolution, 42, 1-16. |
| [39] | Pan SA, Peng GQ, Yang DM (2015). Biomass allocation strategies within a leaf: Implication for leaf size optimization.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 39, 971-979. (in Chinese with English abstract)[ 潘少安, 彭国全, 杨冬梅 (2015). 从叶内生物量分配策略的角度理解叶大小的优化. 植物生态学报, 39, 971-979.] |
| [40] | Pickup M, Westoby M, Basden A (2005). Dry mass costs of deploying leaf area in relation to leaf size.Functional Ecology, 19, 88-97. |
| [41] | Pitman E (1939). A note on normal correlation.Biometrika, 31, 9-12. |
| [42] | Reich P, Walters M, Ellsworth D (1992). Leaf life-span in relation to leaf, plant, and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems.Ecological Monographs, 62, 365-392. |
| [43] | Reich PB, Bowman WD (1999). Generality of leaf trait relationships: A test across six biomes.Ecology, 80, 1955-1969. |
| [44] | Reich PB, Walters MB, Ellsworth DS, Vose JM, Volin JC, Gresham C, Bowman WD (1998). Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area and leaf life-span: A test across biomes and functional groups.Oecologia, 114, 471-482. |
| [45] | Ryser P, Urbas P (2000). Ecological significance of leaf life span among Central European grass species.Oikos, 91, 41-50. |
| [46] | Schulze E, Kelliher FM, Korner C, Lloyd J, Leuning R (1994). Relationships among maximum stomatal conductance, ecosystem surface conductance, carbon assimilation rate, and plant nitrogen nutrition: A global ecology scaling exercise.Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 25, 629-662. |
| [47] | Sun S, Jin D, Shi P (2006). The leaf size-twig size spectrum of temperate woody species along an altitudinal gradient: An invariant allometric scaling relationship.Annals of Botany, 97, 97-107. |
| [48] | Takenaka A (1997). Structural variation in current-year shoots of broad-leaved evergreen tree saplings under forest canopies in warm temperate Japan.Tree Physiology, 17, 205-210. |
| [49] | Thomas SC, Winner WE (2002). Photosynthetic differences between saplings and adult trees: An integration of field results by meta-analysis.Tree Physiology, 22, 117-127. |
| [50] | Warton DI, Weber NC (2002). Common slope tests for bivariate errors-in-variables models.Biometrical Journal, 44, 161-174. |
| [51] | Warton DI, Wright IJ, Falster DS, Westoby M (2006). Bivariate line-fitting methods for allometry.Biological Reviews, 81, 259-291. |
| [52] | Weng DM, Zhang L, Chen XD, Shen GC, Zhang HW, Zhang FG, Yu MJ (2009). Species diversity of Fagus hayatae community in Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 29(4), 1-6.[翁东明, 张磊, 陈晓栋, 沈国春, 张宏伟, 张方钢, 于明坚 (2009). 清凉峰自然保护区台湾水青冈群落物种多样性研究. 浙江林业科技, 29(4), 1-6.] |
| [53] | Westoby M, Falster DS, Moles AT, Vesk PA, Wright IJ (2002). Plant ecological strategies: Some leading dimensions of variation between species.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 33, 125-159. |
| [54] | Wright IJ, Ackerly DD, Bongers F, Harms KE, Ibarra- Manriquez G, Martinez-Ramos M, Mazer SJ, Muller- Landau HC, Paz H, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Silman MR, Vriesendorp CF, Webb CO, Westoby M, Wright SJ (2007). Relationships among ecologically important dimensions of plant trait variation in seven neotropical forests.Annals of Botany, 99, 1003-1015. |
| [55] | Wright IJ, Reich PB, Westoby M (2001) Strategy shifts in leaf physiology, structure and nutrient content between species of high- and low-rainfall and high- and low-nutrient habitats.Functional Ecology, 15, 423-434. |
| [56] | Wright IJ, Reich PB, Westoby M, Ackerly DD, Baruch Z, Bongers F, Cavender-Bares J, Chapin FS, Cornelissen JHC, Diemer M (2004). The leaf economics spectrum worldwide.Nature, 428, 821-827. |
| [57] | Xiang SA, Liu YL, Fang F, Wu N, Sun SC (2009). Stem architectural effect on leaf size, leaf number, and leaf mass fraction in plant twigs of woody species.International Journal of Plant Sciences, 170, 999-1008. |
| [58] | Yagi T (2000). Morphology and biomass allocation of current-year shoots of ten tall tree species in cool temperate Japan.Journal of Plant Research, 113, 171-183. |
| [59] | Yagi T (2004). Within-tree variations in shoot differentiation patterns of 10 tall tree species in a Japanese cool-temperate forest.Canadian Journal of Botany, 82, 228-243. |
| [60] | Yagi T, Kikuzawa K (1999). Patterns in size-related variations in current-year shoot structure in eight deciduous tree species.Journal of Plant Research, 112, 343-352. |
| [61] | Yang DM, Li GY, Sun SC (2008). The generality of leaf size versus number trade-off in temperate woody species.Annals of Botany, 102, 623-629. |
| [62] | Yang DM, Li GY, Sun SC (2009). The effects of leaf size, leaf habit, and leaf form on leaf/stem relationships in plant twigs of temperate woody species.Journal of Vegetation Science, 20, 359-366. |
| [63] | Yang DM, Zhan F, Zhang HW (2012). Trade-off between leaf size and number in current-year twigs of deciduous broad-leaved woody species at different altidudes on Qingliang Mountain, southeastern China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 36, 281-291. (in Chinese with English abstract)[ 杨冬梅, 占峰, 张宏伟 (2012). 清凉峰不同海拔木本植物小枝内叶大小-数量权衡关系. 植物生态学报, 36, 281-291.] |
| [64] | Zhang L, Luo TX (2004). Advances in ecological studies on leaf lifespan and associated leaf traits.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 28, 844-852. (in Chinese with English abstract)[ 张林, 罗天祥 (2004). 植物叶寿命及其相关叶性状的生态学研究进展. 植物生态学报, 28, 844-852.] |
| [65] | Zhang YC, Du XJ, Zhang QY, Gao XM, Su ZX (2005). Functions of branches of the clonal treeSymplocos laurina. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 29, 799-806. (in Chinese with English abstract)[ 张运春, 杜晓军, 张桥英, 高贤明, 苏智先 (2005). 克隆乔木黄牛奶树枝条的功能特征. 植物生态学报, 29, 799-806.] |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
