1 材料和方法
1.1 研究区域概况
1.2 样品采集
1.3 性状测量
1.3.1 叶功能性状测定
1.3.2 光环境及土壤因子测定
表1 3种蕨类所处生境的环境因子概况(平均值±标准误)Table 1 Profile of environmental factors in the habitats of the three ferns (mean ± SE) |
| 环境因子 Environmental factor | 粗茎鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris crassirhizoma | 东北蹄盖蕨 Athyrium brevifrons | 荚果蕨 Matteuccia struthiopteris |
|---|---|---|---|
| 冠层开放度 Canopy openness (%) | 24.29 ± 1.04a | 24.90 ± 0.66a | 23.68 ± 2.45a |
| 土壤水分含量 Soil water content | 0.90 ± 0.09a | 0.87 ± 0.17a | 0.99 ± 0.12a |
| 土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (mg·g-1) | 9.32 ± 0.74a | 6.57 ± 0.91b | 9.06 ± 0.64ab |
| 土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (mg·g-1) | 0.82 ± 0.08a | 0.89 ± 0.16a | 0.88 ± 0.10a |
| 土壤pH Soil pH | 5.67 ± 0.11ab | 5.31 ± 0.10b | 5.76 ± 0.11a |
| 土壤有效氮含量 Soil available nitrogen content (mg·g-1) | 0.59 ± 0.05a | 0.50 ± 0.06a | 0.59 ± 0.03a |
| 土壤有效磷含量 Soil available phosphorus content (mg·g-1) | 0.02 ± 0.00a | 0.01 ± 0.00a | 0.02 ± 0.00a |
同行不同小写字母表示不同蕨类间差异显著(p < 0.05)。 | |
Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant difference between ferns (p < 0.05). |
1.4 数据分析
2 结果
2.1 叶功能性状的垂直变异
图2 阔叶红松林3种典型蕨类叶功能性状的垂直变异。A.bre, 东北蹄盖蕨; D.cra, 粗茎鳞毛蕨; M.str, 荚果蕨。LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LNC, 叶氮含量; LPC, 叶磷含量; Pn, 净光合速率; SLA, 比叶面积; WUEi, 瞬时水分利用效率。不同大写字母表示种间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示种内差异显著(p < 0.05)。黑色虚线为平均值。Fig. 2 Differences in leaf functional traits of three typical ferns in mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. A.bre, Athyrium brevifrons; D.cra, Dryopteris crassirhizoma; M.str, Matteuccia struthiopteris. LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LNC, leaf nitrogen content; LPC, leaf phosphorus content; Pn, leaf net photosynthetic rate; SLA, specific leaf area; WUEi, instantaneous water use efficiency. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between species (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant intraspecific differences (p < 0.05). The black dashed line represents the average value. |
2.2 不同垂直高度叶功能性状的相关性
图3 阔叶红松林3种典型蕨类不同垂直高度叶功能性状的相关性。Corr, 相关系数; L, 下层; M, 中层; U, 上层。A, 净光合速率; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LNC, 叶氮含量; LPC, 叶磷含量; SLA, 比叶面积; WUEi, 瞬时水分利用效率。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。Fig. 3 Correlation of leaf functional traits at different vertical heights in three typical ferns in mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. Corr, correlation coefficient; L, lower layer; M, middle layer; U, upper layer. A, leaf net photosynthetic rate; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LNC, leaf nitrogen content; LPC, leaf phosphorus content; SLA, specific leaf area; WUEi, instantaneous water use efficiency. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. |
图4 阔叶红松林3种典型蕨类的叶功能性状相关关系在不同高度间的差异。A, 净光合速率; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LNC, 叶氮含量; LPC, 叶磷含量; SLA, 比叶面积; WUEi, 瞬时水分利用效率。Common slope, 共同斜率; Slope, 斜率。图中彩色实线表示性状间相关关系显著, 黑色实线表示3条实线重合。Fig. 4 Differences in leaf trait correlations among different heights for three typical ferns in mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. A, leaf net photosynthetic rate; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LNC, leaf nitrogen content; LPC, leaf phosphorus content; SLA, specific leaf area; WUEi, instantaneous water use efficiency. The colored solid lines in the figure indicate that the correlations between traits were significant, the black solid line indicates that the three solid lines overlap. |
2.3 叶功能性状与环境因子之间的冗余分析
图5 阔叶红松林3种典型蕨类不同垂直高度下叶功能性状与环境因子的冗余分析(RDA)排序。A, 上层。B, 中层。C, 下层。A, 净光合速率; AN, 土壤有效氮含量; AP, 土壤有效磷含量; CO, 冠层开放度; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LNC, 叶氮含量; LPC, 叶磷含量; pH, 土壤pH; SLA, 比叶面积; SWC, 土壤水分含量; TN, 土壤全氮含量; TP, 土壤全磷含量; WUEi, 瞬时水分利用效率。Fig. 5 Redundancy analysis (RDA) ranking of leaf functional traits and environmental factors in three typical ferns in mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. A, Lower layer; B, Middle layer; C, Upper layer. A, leaf net photosynthetic rate; AN, soil available nitrogen content; AP, soil available phosphorus content; CO, canopy openness; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LNC, leaf nitrogen content; LPC, leaf phosphorus content; pH, soil pH; SLA, specific leaf area; SWC, soil water content; TN, soil total nitrogen content; TP, soil total phosphorus content; WUEi, instantaneous water use efficiency. |