皂荚南方天然群体种实表型多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以系统揭示表型变异程度和变异规律为目的, 对皂荚(Gleditsia sinensis)南方分布区的10个天然群体的11个种实性状进行了比较分析。采用方差分析、多重比较、相关分析等多种分析方法, 对群体间和群体内的表型多样性以及与地理、环境因子的相关性进行了讨论。方差分析结果表明; 皂荚果实、种子等性状在群体间和群体内存在丰富的变异, 11个性状在群体间、群体内均达显著差异; 荚果性状在群体间和群体内的变异均大于种子性状, 11个性状的平均表型分化系数为20.42%, 群体内的变异(32.28%)大于群体间的变异(7.19%), 群体内的变异是皂荚的主要变异来源; 皂荚各性状平均变异系数为11.20%, 变异幅度为4.55%-18.38%。群体间荚果的变异(14.75%)高于群体间种子变异(6.95%), 表明种子变异稳定性高。荚果和种子各性状之间多呈极显著或显著正相关, 表现为荚果越大, 则种子越大, 种子的千粒重也越大; 荚果表现为同地理经度的南北变异, 种子则表现为同地理纬度的东西变异。研究结果为进一步开展皂荚遗传育种、保护生物学研究和皂荚种质资源利用奠定了基础。

关键词: 皂荚, 天然群体, 表型多样性, 果实性状, 种子特性

Abstract:

Aims Gleditsia sinensis is an endangered plant endemic to China. Our objectives were to determine 1) the phenotypic variation of pods and seeds in natural populations and 2) the relationship between phenotypic variation of natural population and different distribution areas in G. sinensis.
Methods Field investigation and analysis of the natural distribution of G. sinensis in southern China led to our selection of six pod characters and five seed traits from 10 populations. We examined morphological diversity among and within populations based on analysis of eleven phenotypic traits. Variance analysis, multi-comparison and correlation analysis were used to analyze experimental results.
Important findings Analysis of variance for all traits showed significant differences among and within populations. There was significant positive correlation between the pod, the seed and seed weight. The variation of pod traits within and among the populations was larger than those of seed traits. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient for the eleven traits was 20.42%, and the variation within populations (32.28%) was higher than that among populations (7.19%), which indicated that the variance within population was the main part of the phenotypic variation of the species. The range of variation of coefficient of variance (CV) among 11 traits was 4.55%-18.38%, and the average was 11.20%. The CV of pod within populations (14.75%) was higher than seed (6.95%), which means that the seed has higher stability. Most of the pod and seed traits were positively correlated. Both the seed and the pod were shown to have west-east variation at constant latitude. These findings offer basic data for further study of genetic breeding and conservation biology of this species.

Key words: Gleditsia sinensis, natural population, phenotypic diversities, pods and seed characteristics

李伟, 林富荣, 郑勇奇, 李斌. 皂荚南方天然群体种实表型多样性. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(1): 61-69. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00007

LI Wei, LIN Fu-Rong, ZHENG Yong-Qi, LI Bin. Phenotypic diversity of pods and seeds in natural populations of Gleditsia sinensis in southern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(1): 61-69. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00007

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00007

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I1/61

图/表 7

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采样位置 Sampled location	群体 Population	经度 Longitude (°E)	纬度 Latitude (°N)	海拔高度 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature (℃)	平均年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	土壤类型 Soil type	个体数 No. of individual
湖北宜昌 Yichang, Hubei	HBY	110.25	30.28	114	15.7	1 167	黄棕壤 Yellow brown soil	31
湖北京山 Jingshan, Hubei	HBJ	113.02	31.03	30	16.3	1 179	黄棕壤 Yellow brown soil	18
湖北恩施 Enshi, Hubei	HBE	109.78	30.05	1 000	15.6	1 370	黄棕壤、黄壤 Yellow brown soil, yellow soil	16
湖南城步 Chengbu, Hunan	HNC	110.97	26.50	500	16.1	1 218	黄壤 Yellow soil	7
贵州麻江 Majiang, Guizhou	GZM	107.97	26.08	950	15.1	1 350	黄棕壤 Yellow brown soil	9
贵州兴义 Xingyi, Guizhou	GZX	104.97	25.72	1 253	15.2	1 315	黄棕壤、石灰土 Yellow brown soil, lime soil	13
重庆秀山 Xiushan, Chongqing	CQX	108.97	28.75	477	16.5	1 334	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow earth	14
四川成都 Chengdu, Sichuan	SCC	104.10	31.12	500	16.2	918.2	红壤、黄壤 Red soil, yellow soil	12
四川万源 Wanyuan, Sichuan	SCW	108.05	32.12	1 200	14.7	1 246	红壤、黄壤 Red soil, yellow soil	29
广西桂林 Guilin, Guangxi	GXG	110.78	25.45	150	18.9	1 949	红壤 Red soil	7

采样位置 Sampled location	群体 Population	经度 Longitude (°E)	纬度 Latitude (°N)	海拔高度 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature (℃)	平均年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	土壤类型 Soil type	个体数 No. of individual
湖北宜昌 Yichang, Hubei	HBY	110.25	30.28	114	15.7	1 167	黄棕壤 Yellow brown soil	31
湖北京山 Jingshan, Hubei	HBJ	113.02	31.03	30	16.3	1 179	黄棕壤 Yellow brown soil	18
湖北恩施 Enshi, Hubei	HBE	109.78	30.05	1 000	15.6	1 370	黄棕壤、黄壤 Yellow brown soil, yellow soil	16
湖南城步 Chengbu, Hunan	HNC	110.97	26.50	500	16.1	1 218	黄壤 Yellow soil	7
贵州麻江 Majiang, Guizhou	GZM	107.97	26.08	950	15.1	1 350	黄棕壤 Yellow brown soil	9
贵州兴义 Xingyi, Guizhou	GZX	104.97	25.72	1 253	15.2	1 315	黄棕壤、石灰土 Yellow brown soil, lime soil	13
重庆秀山 Xiushan, Chongqing	CQX	108.97	28.75	477	16.5	1 334	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow earth	14
四川成都 Chengdu, Sichuan	SCC	104.10	31.12	500	16.2	918.2	红壤、黄壤 Red soil, yellow soil	12
四川万源 Wanyuan, Sichuan	SCW	108.05	32.12	1 200	14.7	1 246	红壤、黄壤 Red soil, yellow soil	29
广西桂林 Guilin, Guangxi	GXG	110.78	25.45	150	18.9	1 949	红壤 Red soil	7

性状 Trait	均方 Mean square			F值 F value
性状 Trait	群体间 Among populations	群体内 Within population	随机误差 Random error	群体间 Among populations	群体内 Within population
荚果长 PL (cm)	612.67	230.68	10.58	57.89^**	21.80^**
荚果宽 WP (cm)	2.53	1.65	0.10	25.70^**	16.76^**
荚果厚 PT (cm)	159.78	29.58	1.95	81.88^**	15.16^**
荚果重 MP (g)	476.44	248.54	11.56	41.21^**	21.50^**
荚果长宽比 PL/WP	670.80	219.26	10.44	64.22^**	20.99^**
荚果长宽积 PL × WP	1.42	0.29	0.02	61.09^**	12.30^**
种子长 SL (cm)	0.23	0.07	0.01	20.70^**	6.22^**
种子宽 SW (cm)	0.19	0.03	0.01	18.76^**	3.27^**
种子长宽积 SL × SW	0.44	0.14	0.03	15.93^**	5.26^**
种子长宽比 SL/SW	0.20	0.02	0.01	28.98^**	3.33^**
千粒重 MS (g)	501 758.22	46 068.44	66 736.67	222.85^**	20.46^**

性状 Trait	均方 Mean square			F值 F value
性状 Trait	群体间 Among populations	群体内 Within population	随机误差 Random error	群体间 Among populations	群体内 Within population
荚果长 PL (cm)	612.67	230.68	10.58	57.89^**	21.80^**
荚果宽 WP (cm)	2.53	1.65	0.10	25.70^**	16.76^**
荚果厚 PT (cm)	159.78	29.58	1.95	81.88^**	15.16^**
荚果重 MP (g)	476.44	248.54	11.56	41.21^**	21.50^**
荚果长宽比 PL/WP	670.80	219.26	10.44	64.22^**	20.99^**
荚果长宽积 PL × WP	1.42	0.29	0.02	61.09^**	12.30^**
种子长 SL (cm)	0.23	0.07	0.01	20.70^**	6.22^**
种子宽 SW (cm)	0.19	0.03	0.01	18.76^**	3.27^**
种子长宽积 SL × SW	0.44	0.14	0.03	15.93^**	5.26^**
种子长宽比 SL/SW	0.20	0.02	0.01	28.98^**	3.33^**
千粒重 MS (g)	501 758.22	46 068.44	66 736.67	222.85^**	20.46^**

性状 Trait	采样位置 Sampled location
性状 Trait	HBY	HBJ	HBE	HNC	GZM	GZX	CQX	SCC	SCW	GXG
荚果长 PL (cm)	21.17 ± 0.58^ef	21.72 ± 0.43^de	19.91 ± 0.87^g	22.75 ± 1.08c	24.27 ± 0.66^a	23.63 ± 1.04^ab	20.52 ± 1.16^fg	22.99 ± 1.06^bc	20.24 ± 0.65^g	22.32 ± 1.86^cd
荚果宽 WP (cm)	2.88 ± 0.06^bc	2.90 ± 0.05^bc	2.99 ± 0.06^a	2.72 ± 0.06^e	2.92 ± 0.07^ab	2.74 ± 0.10^e	2.83 ± 0.09^cd	2.78 ± 0.13^de	2.97 ± 0.04^a	2.88 ± 0.10^bc
荚果厚 PT (cm)	7.46 ± 0.14^d	7.53 ± 0.03^d	6.78 ± 0.35^e	8.47 ± 0.42^b	8.46 ± 0.31^b	8.87 ± 0.46^a	7.37 ± 0.42^d	8.49 ± 0.45^b	6.84 ± 0.20^e	7.91 ± 0.76^c
荚果重 MP (g)	61.61 ± 2.66^bcde	64.93 ± 1.98^b	62.11 ± 2.64^bcd	64.44 ± 3.71^b	71.03 ± 2.53^ab	58.28 ± 4.01^e	64.59 ± 3.62^b	63.42 ± 4.84^b	64.45 ± 2.47^cde	59.41 ± 5.75^de
荚果长宽比 PL/WP	0.98 ± 0.02^a	1.00 ± 0.03^a	0.84 ± 0.03^d	0.89 ± 0.03^bc	0.88 ± 0.03^bc	0.89 ± 0.03^bc	0.79 ± 0.03^e	0.86 ± 0.04^cd	0.91 ± 0.02^b	0.88 ± 0.04^bc
荚果长宽积 PL × WP	19.97 ± 0.08^d	22.94 ± 0.08^b	21.45 ± 0.11^bc	20.88 ± 0.05^c	21.23 ± 0.03^bc	21.42 ± 0.10^bc	21.89 ± 0.08^b	23.11 ± 0.08^a	19.78 ± 0.07^d	21.65 ± 0.13^bc
种子长 SL (cm)	1.18 ± 0.01^e	1.22 ± 0.01^bc	1.19 ± 0.02^de	1.23 ± 0.01^abc	1.21 ± 0.02^cd	1.24 ± 0.02^ab	1.22 ± 0.01^c	1.25 ± 0.02^a	1.19 ± 0.01^e	1.25 ± 0.02^a
种子宽 SW (cm)	0.83 ± 0.01^cd	0.88 ± 0.01^a	0.82 ± 0.01^cd	0.82 ± 0.01^cd	0.81 ± 0.02^d	0.84 ± 0.01^c	0.86 ± 0.01^b	0.79 ± 0.01^e	0.82 ± 0.01^cd	0.81 ± 0.02^d
种子长宽积 SL × SW	0.97 ± 0.01^cd	1.04 ± 0.02^b	1.01 ± 0.03^bc	0.99 ± 0.02^cd	1.11 ± 0.03^cd	1.04 ± 0.01^ab	1.02 ± 0.02^b	1.08 ± 0.01^a	0.65 ± 0.02^d	1.10 ± 0.03^cd
种子长宽比 SL/SW	0.72 ± 0.01^a	0.72 ± 0.01^a	0.69 ± 0.01^bcd	0.67 ± 0.01^d	0.70 ± 0.01^b	0.68 ± 0.01^cd	0.72 ± 0.01^a	0.65 ± 0.01^e	0.69 ± 0.01^bc	0.65 ± 0.01^e
千粒重 MS (g)	432.37 ± 7.89^d	449.10 ± 10.93^c	388.40 ± 16.43^g	404.72 ± 14.23^f	469.61 ± 18.11^b	448.30 ± 14.30^c	466.11 ± 11.85^b	425.15 ± 12.01^de	368.58 ± 8.69^g	444.20 ± 12.75^c