STUDY OF SOIL PREFERENTIAL FLOW IN THE DARK CONIFEROUS FOREST OF GONGGA MOUNTAIN, CHINA

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0095

Abstract

Abstract:

Background and Aims Preferential flow is the physical phenomenon of rapid transport of water and solutes in soil. It occurs in most soils and determines field-scale transport of contaminants in soils, thereby contributing to groundwater pollution.

Methods Research on preferential flow involves studying the mechanism of soil water movement and can answer key questions that could not be explained by Darcy's law and Convective-Diffusive Equation in early hydrological research. Experimental or technological analyses are difficult because this movement is not detected easily. Preferential flow increases the difficulty and complexity of the research due to non-equilibrium, regional characteristics and the involvement of many influencing factors. To date, the mechanism of the movement of preferential flow has not been properly defined. This study involved detailed research on the influencing factors of preferential flow, using a soil column experiment in combination with dye-tracer analyzes in the root zone of the dark coniferous ecosystem in the upper drainage of the Yangtze River. Factors examined included rainfall processes, growth characteristics and water movement states of litter, moss, roots and soil.

Key Results The soil of the research area is porous with large pores, and rainfall is low in amount and intensity and long-lasting. The soil also has thick litter and moss and is rich in roots. Therefore, the Gongga Mountain ecosystem may have preferential flow. Water transport has opened up preferential flow pathways along soil pores and root channels, forming a water channel in litter, moss and soil.

Conclusions Soil will be transported continuously along these channels with longtime rainfall.

Key words: Dark coniferous forest of Gongga Mountain, Preferential flow, Influencing factors

NIU Jian-Zhi, YU Xin-Xiao, ZHAO Yu-Tao, ZHANG Dong-Sheng, CHEN Li-Hua, ZHANG Zhi-Qiang. STUDY OF SOIL PREFERENTIAL FLOW IN THE DARK CONIFEROUS FOREST OF GONGGA MOUNTAIN, CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2006, 30(5): 732-742.

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Figures/Tables 18

References 52

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林地类型 Type of forest land	土层深度 Depth(cm)	毛管孔隙度 Capillary(%)	总孔隙度 Total porosity(%)	非毛管孔隙度 Non-capillary(%)	土壤通气度 Ventilation(%)
过熟林 Over-mature forest	0~20	83.47	95.32	11.86	94.79
	20~40	25.14	28.14	2.99	28.03
成熟林 Mature forest	0~20	61.27	64.94	3.67	64.56
	20~40	77.03	79.01	1.97	78.55
	40~60	64.07	65.90	1.84	65.46
	60~80	64.20	65.21	1.01	64.84
	80~100	62.28	64.02	1.74	63.77
	100~120	61.45	62.51	1.06	62.27
中龄林 Middle-aged forest	0~20	72.68	79.70	7.02	79.31
	20~40	42.01	43.37	1.36	43.12
幼龄林 Young forest	0~20	42.53	52.74	10.21	52.53

林地类型 Type of forest land	土层深度 Depth(cm)	毛管孔隙度 Capillary(%)	总孔隙度 Total porosity(%)	非毛管孔隙度 Non-capillary(%)	土壤通气度 Ventilation(%)
过熟林 Over-mature forest	0~20	83.47	95.32	11.86	94.79
	20~40	25.14	28.14	2.99	28.03
成熟林 Mature forest	0~20	61.27	64.94	3.67	64.56
	20~40	77.03	79.01	1.97	78.55
	40~60	64.07	65.90	1.84	65.46
	60~80	64.20	65.21	1.01	64.84
	80~100	62.28	64.02	1.74	63.77
	100~120	61.45	62.51	1.06	62.27
中龄林 Middle-aged forest	0~20	72.68	79.70	7.02	79.31
	20~40	42.01	43.37	1.36	43.12
幼龄林 Young forest	0~20	42.53	52.74	10.21	52.53

雨强 Rainfall intensities (mm·min^-1)	100 min规定时间内,成熟林坡积物土壤所取土柱累计出流流量 Accumulative outflow of mature forest in the settled time of 100 min (ml)
雨强 Rainfall intensities (mm·min^-1)	样地D原状土柱 Undisturbed column of plot D	样地E原状土柱 Undisturbed column of plot E	对照过筛填充土柱 Corresponding repacked column
0.22	305	493	59
0.50	593	542	82
1.00	702	601	98

雨强 Rainfall intensities (mm·min^-1)	100 min规定时间内,成熟林坡积物土壤所取土柱累计出流流量 Accumulative outflow of mature forest in the settled time of 100 min (ml)
雨强 Rainfall intensities (mm·min^-1)	样地D原状土柱 Undisturbed column of plot D	样地E原状土柱 Undisturbed column of plot E	对照过筛填充土柱 Corresponding repacked column
0.22	305	493	59
0.50	593	542	82
1.00	702	601	98

差异源 Differential source	SS	自由度df	MS	F	F crit
组间Inter-group	0.004 443 271	1	0.004 443 271	3.235 885 9	4.46
组内Intra-group	0.010 984 988	8	0.001 373 124
总计Total	0.015 428 259	9