Responses of photosynthesis and growth to weak light regime in four legume species

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0087

Abstract

Abstract: Aims

In order to determine the adaptability of legumes as the interplanting crops in fruit yards, field and pot experimental treatments with full natural light and weak light (48% of full natural light) regimes were conducted in 2014 to test the shade tolerance and physiological mechanisms of four legume species.

Methods

The leaf photosynthetic characteristic parameters, photosynthetic pigments contents and the activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) were measured during the first bloom stage. The responses of growth to weak light were likewise studied.

Important findings

The results showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, light compensation point, apparent quantum yield and dark respiration rate of the four legume species changed into those of shade-tolerant plants under the weak light stress. The weak light reduced the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency and RuBPCase activity of the legumes. In contrast, the weak light increased intercellular CO₂ concentration significantly. Contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a and Chl b in leaves of Vigna cylindrica (VCS) and Vigna radiata (VR) increased significantly, while Chl a/b in the leaves decreased dramatically after shading. Other two species changed photosynthetic pigments contents after shading. The weak light changed the growth of the four legume species, such as reducing stem diameter and branching quantity, reducing root nodule and root-shoot ratio, decreasing dry matter yield and dry matter accumulation efficiency, debasing leaf area and leaf thickness, reducing leaf quantity and leaf area index. Crotalaria assamica (CA) can not bloom under the weak light stress. Flowers were not strong enough to seed for Senna occidentalis (SO) under the weak light. The weak light also changed reproductive growth of VCS and VR significantly, such as debasing flowers quantity and flowering time, as well as decreasing seed yield. In conclusion, according to the responses of photosynthesis and growth to weak light regime in the legumes, we concluded that the shade tolerance ranking of four legume species from high to low is as follows: VCS, VR, SO and CA. VCS and VR are suitable for orchard interplanting. However, SO and CA are not suitable for orchard interplanting.

Key words: legume, shading, photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, growth, yield

ZOU Chang-Ming,WANG Yun-Qing,LIU Ying,ZHANG Xiao-Hong,TANG Shan. Responses of photosynthesis and growth to weak light regime in four legume species[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(9): 909-916.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0087

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2015/V39/I9/909

Figures/Tables 6

References 21

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种 Species	处理 Treatment	最大净光合速率 P_nmax (μmol CO₂∙m^-2∙s^-1)	光饱和点 LSP (μmol∙m^-2∙s^-1)	光补偿点 LCP (μmol∙m^-2∙s^-1)	表观量子效率 AQY (mol∙mol^-1)	暗呼吸速率 R_d (μmol CO₂∙m^-2∙s^-1)
绿豆 Vigna radiata	对照 CK	21.09 ± 0.51^a	1 041 ± 30^a	42.6 ± 3.1^a	0.025 1 ± 0.012^b	1.069 ± 0.078^a
绿豆 Vigna radiata	遮阴 Shading	13.63 ± 0.84^b	806 ± 48^b	30.9 ± 2.9^b	0.031 4 ± 0.011^a	0.969 ± 0.073^a
乌豇豆 Vigna cylindrica	对照 CK	25.52 ± 0.33^a	1 130 ± 24^a	38.2 ± 1.7^a	0.031 3 ± 0.015^b	1.196 ± 0.052^a
乌豇豆 Vigna cylindrica	遮阴 Shading	19.52 ± 0.45^b	958 ± 37^b	23.7 ± 1.3^b	0.038 4 ± 0.009^a	0.911 ± 0.047^b
大猪屎豆 Crotalaria assamica	对照 CK	24.36 ± 0.41^a	1 116 ± 41^a	49.2 ± 3.2^a	0.026 5 ± 0.013^a	1.304 ± 0.065^a
大猪屎豆 Crotalaria assamica	遮阴 Shading	11.46 ± 0.93^b	761 ± 66^b	43.8 ± 3.4^a	0.028 2 ± 0.015^a	1.236 ± 0.081^a
望江南 Senna occidentalis	对照 CK	21.87 ± 0.42^a	1 113 ± 39^a	46.9 ± 0.5^a	0.027 1 ± 0.005^a	1.272 ± 0.069^a
望江南 Senna occidentalis	遮阴 Shading	11.75 ± 0.59^b	767 ± 74^b	40.8 ± 1.8^b	0.028 4 ± 0.023^a	1.158 ± 0.111^a

种 Species	处理 Treatment	最大净光合速率 P_nmax (μmol CO₂∙m^-2∙s^-1)	光饱和点 LSP (μmol∙m^-2∙s^-1)	光补偿点 LCP (μmol∙m^-2∙s^-1)	表观量子效率 AQY (mol∙mol^-1)	暗呼吸速率 R_d (μmol CO₂∙m^-2∙s^-1)
绿豆 Vigna radiata	对照 CK	21.09 ± 0.51^a	1 041 ± 30^a	42.6 ± 3.1^a	0.025 1 ± 0.012^b	1.069 ± 0.078^a
绿豆 Vigna radiata	遮阴 Shading	13.63 ± 0.84^b	806 ± 48^b	30.9 ± 2.9^b	0.031 4 ± 0.011^a	0.969 ± 0.073^a
乌豇豆 Vigna cylindrica	对照 CK	25.52 ± 0.33^a	1 130 ± 24^a	38.2 ± 1.7^a	0.031 3 ± 0.015^b	1.196 ± 0.052^a
乌豇豆 Vigna cylindrica	遮阴 Shading	19.52 ± 0.45^b	958 ± 37^b	23.7 ± 1.3^b	0.038 4 ± 0.009^a	0.911 ± 0.047^b
大猪屎豆 Crotalaria assamica	对照 CK	24.36 ± 0.41^a	1 116 ± 41^a	49.2 ± 3.2^a	0.026 5 ± 0.013^a	1.304 ± 0.065^a
大猪屎豆 Crotalaria assamica	遮阴 Shading	11.46 ± 0.93^b	761 ± 66^b	43.8 ± 3.4^a	0.028 2 ± 0.015^a	1.236 ± 0.081^a
望江南 Senna occidentalis	对照 CK	21.87 ± 0.42^a	1 113 ± 39^a	46.9 ± 0.5^a	0.027 1 ± 0.005^a	1.272 ± 0.069^a
望江南 Senna occidentalis	遮阴 Shading	11.75 ± 0.59^b	767 ± 74^b	40.8 ± 1.8^b	0.028 4 ± 0.023^a	1.158 ± 0.111^a

种 Species	处理 Treatment	净光合速率 P_n (μmol CO₂∙m^-2∙s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (mol H₂O∙m^-2∙s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i (μmol CO₂ ∙mol^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r (µmol H₂O∙m^-2∙s^-1)	水分利用效率 WUE (mol∙mol^-1)
绿豆 Vigna radiata	对照 CK	17.55 ± 0.56^a	0.221 ± 0.017^a	222.9 ± 5.7^b	3.98 ± 0.18^a	4.41 ± 0.18^a
绿豆 Vigna radiata	遮阴 Shading	10.12 ± 0.33^b	0.138 ± 0.011^b	244.4 ± 5.1^a	2.73 ± 0.12^b	3.71 ± 0.14^b
乌豇豆 Vigna cylindrica	对照 CK	19.16 ± 0.25^a	0.257 ± 0.015^a	194.0 ± 4.2^b	4.45 ± 0.08^a	4.31 ± 0.21^a
乌豇豆 Vigna cylindrica	遮阴 Shading	14.11 ± 0.33^b	0.203 ± 0.005^b	224.6 ± 2.1^a	3.52 ± 0.05^b	4.01 ± 0.20^a
大猪屎豆 Crotalaria assamica	对照 CK	20.26 ± 0.70^a	0.328 ± 0.023^a	188.7 ± 4.8^b	4.66 ± 0.17^a	4.35 ± 0.36^a
大猪屎豆 Crotalaria assamica	遮阴 Shading	10.24 ± 0.34^b	0.205 ± 0.018^b	222.6 ± 9.3^a	3.74 ± 0.19^b	2.74 ± 0.29^b
望江南 Senna occidentalis	对照 CK	17.72 ± 0.39^a	0.228 ± 0.012^a	201.9 ± 7.4^b	4.24 ± 0.21^a	4.18 ± 0.22^a
望江南 Senna occidentalis	遮阴 Shading	10.85 ± 0.43^b	0.158 ± 0.006^b	234.1 ± 3.9^a	3.15 ± 0.14^b	3.44 ± 0.13^b

种 Species	处理 Treatment	净光合速率 P_n (μmol CO₂∙m^-2∙s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (mol H₂O∙m^-2∙s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i (μmol CO₂ ∙mol^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r (µmol H₂O∙m^-2∙s^-1)	水分利用效率 WUE (mol∙mol^-1)
绿豆 Vigna radiata	对照 CK	17.55 ± 0.56^a	0.221 ± 0.017^a	222.9 ± 5.7^b	3.98 ± 0.18^a	4.41 ± 0.18^a
绿豆 Vigna radiata	遮阴 Shading	10.12 ± 0.33^b	0.138 ± 0.011^b	244.4 ± 5.1^a	2.73 ± 0.12^b	3.71 ± 0.14^b
乌豇豆 Vigna cylindrica	对照 CK	19.16 ± 0.25^a	0.257 ± 0.015^a	194.0 ± 4.2^b	4.45 ± 0.08^a	4.31 ± 0.21^a
乌豇豆 Vigna cylindrica	遮阴 Shading	14.11 ± 0.33^b	0.203 ± 0.005^b	224.6 ± 2.1^a	3.52 ± 0.05^b	4.01 ± 0.20^a
大猪屎豆 Crotalaria assamica	对照 CK	20.26 ± 0.70^a	0.328 ± 0.023^a	188.7 ± 4.8^b	4.66 ± 0.17^a	4.35 ± 0.36^a
大猪屎豆 Crotalaria assamica	遮阴 Shading	10.24 ± 0.34^b	0.205 ± 0.018^b	222.6 ± 9.3^a	3.74 ± 0.19^b	2.74 ± 0.29^b
望江南 Senna occidentalis	对照 CK	17.72 ± 0.39^a	0.228 ± 0.012^a	201.9 ± 7.4^b	4.24 ± 0.21^a	4.18 ± 0.22^a
望江南 Senna occidentalis	遮阴 Shading	10.85 ± 0.43^b	0.158 ± 0.006^b	234.1 ± 3.9^a	3.15 ± 0.14^b	3.44 ± 0.13^b

种 Species	处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chl a (mg∙g^-1)	叶绿素b Chl b (mg∙g^-1)	叶绿素总量 Chl (a + b) (mg∙g^-1)	类胡萝卜素 Car (mg∙g^-1)	Chl a/b	RuBPCase活性 RuBPCase activity (µmol∙g^-1∙min^-1)
绿豆 Vigna radiata	对照 CK	1.87 ± 0.14^b	0.40 ± 0.12^b	2.27 ± 0.26^b	0.42 ± 0.05^a	4.68 ± 0.55^a	45.6 ± 2.2^a
绿豆 Vigna radiata	遮阴 Shading	3.16 ± 0.17^a	1.74 ± 0.23^a	4.90 ± 0.35^a	0.42 ± 0.10^a	1.82 ± 0.35^b	36.7 ± 1.6^b
乌豇豆 Vigna cylindrica	对照 CK	1.83 ± 0.02^b	0.35 ± 0.01^b	2.18 ± 0.03^b	0.58 ± 0.02^a	5.23 ± 0.47^a	48.3 ± 1.9^a
乌豇豆 Vigna cylindrica	遮阴 Shading	3.38 ± 0.20^a	2.14 ± 0.25^a	5.53 ± 0.54^a	0.37 ± 0.08^b	1.58 ± 0.32^b	40.2 ± 1.3^b
大猪屎豆 Crotalaria assamica	对照 CK	2.19 ± 0.08^a	0.63 ± 0.08^a	2.82 ± 0.16^a	0.75 ± 0.14^a	3.50 ± 0.23^b	52.8 ± 1.7^a
大猪屎豆 Crotalaria assamica	遮阴 Shading	1.59 ± 0.14^b	0.34 ± 0.05^b	1.93 ± 0.23^b	0.59 ± 0.04^a	4.68 ± 0.31^a	23.5 ± 3.1^b
望江南 Senna occidentalis	对照 CK	1.12 ± 0.08^b	0.28 ± 0.04^b	1.40 ± 0.12^b	0.51 ± 0.06^a	4.00 ± 0.38^a	50.1 ± 1.5^a
望江南 Senna occidentalis	遮阴 Shading	2.08 ± 0.11^a	0.54 ± 0.09^a	2.62 ± 0.20^a	0.54 ± 0.11^a	3.84 ± 0.49^a	31.4 ± 2.3^b