Abstract: The hilly and gully region is one of the most representative geomorphological units of the Loess Plateau. The complex and fragmented terrain, along with its fragile ecological environment, determines the unique characteristics of agricultural production in this region. The Fluvial Terraces, as an important agricultural cultivation area in this region, is characterized by its flat terrain and fertile soil, making it a typical agricultural ecosystem type of the region. Crop traits and yield, as fundamental elements in long-term monitoring of agricultural ecosystems, can directly reflect the productivity of farmland and are important indicators for assessing agricultural sustainability. Continuous multi-year observations of agricultural ecosystem elements in the Fluvial Terraces are crucial for a comprehensive of the dynamic changes in agricultural ecosystems and their interactions with environmental factors. The Ansai Farmland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station (referred to as the Ansai Station) is a core research platform dedicated to the arid and semi-arid hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. It is affiliated with the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) and the National Ecosystem Observation and Research Network (CNERN). The Ansai Station serves as a crucial platform for long-term field observations of farmland ecosystems in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau. This dataset integrates ecological observation data from three long-term monitoring fields on Fluvial terraces at Ansai Station (2018–2023) under typical cultivation systems, including long-term crop rotation systems, fertilizer inputs, applications of pesticides, herbicides, and growth regulators, harvest period traits, and yield measurements. This dataset provides valuable data support for evaluating the productivity and stability of regional farmland ecosystems, optimizing agricultural management practices, and formulating relevant agricultural policies.

Key words: Crop harvest traits, grain yield, Long-term monitoring data, Loess Plateau hilly and gully region