Thornthwaite’s method on calculating PE and climatic classification has been applied on computing data from 671 climatological observation stations in China. A geographic regression model of potential evapotran-spiration is resulted as APE=2037.98—18.8308 LAT—4.5801 LONG—0.157861ALT. The resulted APE and moisture index, Im are closely correlated with the major vegetation types and their distribution pattern in China. The bounds of thermal coefficient (APE) for the vegetation in China fits in quite well with which in North America, but the Im is evidently lower than there. That just is a reflection of the ecological characteristics for vegetation of China. The research makes known that the method should have a broad prospect for application in the country.

In this investigation we have determined that the standing crop of a Chamaecyparis obtusa plantation of 21 years was 160 t/ha, the increment, 16.5t/ha·a； and the net solar energy utilization ratio 0.64% by combining the correlative growth method with the stratified crop method. This ratio was not high in the Fu Ku Ka district, Japan. From the relationship between the weight of dry matter and D2·H correlative growth, the vertical distributions of dry matter in different storeys were calculated. The seasonal changes of solar radiation energy in the top canopy and the different storeys inside were investigated with a sun-station system reader model 700, which also gives the graph of the productive structure. From our results of investigation on the locations of the leaves in different parts in canopy, we suggested that the crowns with full closed canopy in a Chamaecyparis obtusa plantation can be divided into cone and cylinder crowns as the crowns in a Cryptomeria japonica plantation. Their leaf area indices and leaf densities were 35±5cm2/g, 495g·/m3； 45±5cm2/g· and 222g/m3 respectively. The effects of the productive structure in a stand on solar energy utilization were also discussed, according to volume analysis, community productive structure as well as the distribution of solar energy.

The water condition of Aneurolepidium chinense community was studied in A .chinense grassland in Northeast China by method of the artificial climatic chamber. The results showed that under the condition of typical climate(clear day),all of the diurnal curves of the transpiration rate (Tr) and evapotranspiration rate(ET) of A. chinense community in various peroids of the growing season were of the double-peak type. There existed positive correlations between Tr (ET) and solar radiation and air temperature, and negative correlations between Tr (ET) and air relative humidity. There existed a negative correlation between the ineffective water lost ratio (IR) and Tr. Tr of plants in the community was the highest in florescence, which was 1.156g·cm-2·d-1;Tr of the community reached its highest value,which was 4861.07g·m-2·d-1,in late July. The highest value of ET happened in late June,which was 6454.36g·m-2·d-1. Monthly Tr and ET had their highest values,83.9mm and 125.9mm,in late August and late June respectively. The water consumption of the community and the precipitation equaled roughly within the whole growing season,but the seasonal variation of the two were not alike,so there was a serious water deficit in June,which is the early peroid of the growing season. This makes the community unable to use the abundant precipitation fully and effectively and productivity was therefore not high.

The effects of various elevatigns, locations and ages of plantings on the characteristics and biomass of Spartina alterniflora were studied in Luoyan bay, Luoyan County, Fujian Province, 26˚308′N. The results showed highest density, height, below ground and above ground biomass of S. alterniflora communities planted near the high water of neap tide. Better growth and more biomass have been observed in the region of river mouth with abundant fresh water supply and mud deposit of high fertility than in the region far away from the mouth with mud of high salinity and low fertility. The under ground biomass of S. alterniflora communities increases with their age. However, the biomass above ground and the biomasses of both above and below ground were highest in 3 year old communities, higher than those of 4 year old ones.

The Qaidam basin is situated in the north-east Qinghai-Xizang plateau, its distribution pattern of vegetation is very camplicated. The eastern part of it belongs to the semiarid desert steppe zone with the zonal vegetation desert steppe. The middle part belongs to the arid desert zone with shrubby and dwalf semi-shrubby gravelly desert. The western part is an extremely arid bare-desert without vegetation in the gravelly gobi and low mountains. At the bottom of the basin, a ring-shaped belts of the vegetation from the edge toward the centre shows the following sequence: flood plain--the shrubby and dwarf semi-shrubby gravelly desert belt, alluvial plain–the shrubby and semi-arboreou sandy desert belt, alluviallacustrine plain--the shrubby saline desert belt, lacustrine plain–the holophytic grass and forb meadow belt, and finally, bare salt crust and salt lakes.In the mountains of the Qaidam region there is great difference in the vertical belt spectrum of the vegetation between east and west, the vertical spectrum in the desert steppe zone is: mountainous steppe-mountainous evergreen needleaf forest-subalpine shrubland-alpine meadow-alpine sparse vegetation; in the arid desert zone. dwarf semi-shrub mountain rocky desert-alpine steppe-alpine meadow-alpine sparse vegetation;and in the bare desert zone:bare low mountain rocky desert-dwarf shrubby mountain rocky desert-alpine steppe-alpin sparse vegetation.

The eastern part of Qinghai province is located in the confluent zone of Qinghai-Xizang plateau and Loess plateau. The natural vegetation in this region is not only connected with alpine vegetation on the Qinghai-Xizang plateau, but also with vegetation types on the Loess plateau; and formed complex vegetation types. They are: desert-steppe, steppe, forest, scrub, high-cold scrub and high-cold meadow. There is an evident vertical zonal distribution of the vegetation. Because of its special geographical position, the distribution of vegetation shows special pattern and landscape. The vegetation types which is connected with Loess plateau, distributes in the river valley and hills, and the alpine vegetation, which is connected with Qinghai-Xizang plateau, on the mountains. Finally, we suggest that vegetation regionizationally, the eastern region of Qinghai province is the transition zone between Qinghai-Xizang plateau and Loess plateau.

In this paper, the secondary vegetation (mainly shrubs and herbs)and its indicative significance to the habitat in Joulong mountain area located in the western suburb of Beijing were studied. Based on 120 vegetation samples, the system cluster method was used to group them by different similarity levels and the whole mountain area was divided into 4 major habitat types. Furthermore, the vegetation was classified into 8 association groups or 13 associations. The indicative significance of each association to its habitat, especially to the edaphic conditions such as soil moisture, thickness of soil etc., were pointed out. How to use the secondary shrubs and herbs as indicators in assessing the forestry poteintial of the deforested land in the low-mountain area near Beijing was discussed.

Sampling techniques for Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests mixed with deciduoud trees in the Lesser Xiaoxingan Mountains were studied. Plotless sampling method (point centered quarter method) is considered to be a kind of suitable method for this kind of vegetation. The study was done by examining four types of forest communities. Results show that the minimum points of plotless method are 16 to 18, the distance between two neighborhood points and that between two sampling lines is 15 and 20 meters, respectively. The data from 16--18 points is analogous to that from 600m2 of plot. The minimum area of understoreys is 28–32m2, which is 7 or 8 2 × 2 m quardrats distributed randomly or mechanically.