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Table of Content
    Volume 10 Issue 2
    10 February 1986
      
    Research Articles
    The Characteristics and Utilization of Shrub-grasslands in Tropical and Subtropical Mountains of Yunnan
    Jin Zhen-zhou
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1986, 10 (2):  81-89. 
    Abstract ( 3123 )   PDF (573KB) ( 1154 )   Save
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    Shrub-grasslands are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical mountains of Yunnan. This vegetation type consists mainly of tropical grass species (or originated from tropics), which make a very distint grass-layer, and above that a few shrubs and trees scattered. A classification system of these shrub-grasslands has already made to show that 5 vegetation-subtypes, 12 formations and 17 associations have been found now.The 5 vegetation-subtypes are hot shrub-grassland; dry-hot shrubgrassland; warm-hot shrub-grassland; warm-temperate shrub-grassland; temperate-cool shrub-grassland, among which, the dry-hot one may be recognized as semi-savanna or secondary savanna. In the long course of succession, the 5 vegetation-subtypes developed into 5 climax vegetations respectively, that is the tropical monsoon forest or tropical rain forest; river valley monsoon forest or monsoonal evergreen-deciduous mixed forest; monsoonal evergreen broad-leaved forest (through Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis forest); semihumid evergreen broad-leaved forest (through Pinus yunnanensis forest); mountainous humid evergreen broadleaved forest (through Pinus armandi forest or P. yunnanensis forest).In utilization and exploitation, it is important to bear in mind that where slope is over 20 degrees, forestry must be developed, and where it is under 20 degrees, animal husbandry and other plantations should be carried out. Areas or points already designated as reserves must be protected and many important scientific researches must also be conducted.
    Study of Tropical Vegetation Series in Jianfengling Region, Hainan Island
    Huang Quan, Li Yi-de, Zheng De-zhang, Zhang Jia-cheng, Wang Li-li, Jiang You-xu, Zhao Yan-min
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1986, 10 (2):  90-105. 
    Abstract ( 2207 )   PDF (879KB) ( 792 )   Save
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    1. Under the background of tropical monsoon climate, this region situated in the Northern edge of tropics is influenced by the South-western monsoon in the dry season, and because of the Massenerhebung (mass elevation) effect, it forms the ecological series of seashore xerophytic thorn shrub, savanna, tropical semi-deciduous monsoon forest, tropical evergreen monsoon forest, tropical mountain rain forest and mossy forest. It is an epitome of the distribution of vegetation types in Hainan Island and is a good base for science research, practice and preservation and development of rare species in our country.2. Analysis of every community showed that the vegetation in Jianfengling possesses the character of tropical rain forest but in vertical structure, it is inferior to typical tropical rain forest. The vegetation types change with the increase in altitude and the change of environmental condition and obey the principle of vertical distribution in south-eastern Asian mountains.3. The point-centered quadrant method may be used for tropical vegetation and we have obtained certain results by using it. Representative species that can represent various vegetation types can be found in the tropical complex community through I. V. (Important Value). It is very valuable for the study and classification of tropical forests.
    Vegetation of Bawangling Gibbon Natural Reserve in Hainan Island
    Lu Yang, Li Ming-guang, Huang Ya-wen, Chen Zhang-he, Hu Yu-jia
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1986, 10 (2):  106-114. 
    Abstract ( 2482 )   PDF (541KB) ( 972 )   Save
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    Bawangling gibbon natural reserve is situated in western Hainan Island, 18 ˚50′–19˚05′N. and 109 ˚05′–109 ˚25′ E. Its altitude ranges from 400m to 1437m, and area is about 20.9km2. There are rich resources of plants and animals in the reserve, and the vegetation is typical of Hainan mountains.Classification of vegetation types is made according to the characters of habitats, community structures, flora, etc., and four types of communities are obtained: montane rain forest, valley rain forest (submontane rain forest), mossy forest and elfin woodland. The methods of similar coefficient, diversity index, frequency diagram, IV- and area curve all provided quantitative support for the classification. The behaviour of the gibbon (Hylobates concolor) and the relationship between the gibbon and its forest environment were given by this primary investigation.The result suggests that the vegetation of the reserve is a primitive one composed mainly of montane rain forests, which provides a better environment for the gibbon’s survival and reproduction.
    A Study of the Psammophilous Vegetation along the Coast of Jiangsu Province
    Liu Fang-xun, Huang Zhi-yuan, Cai Shou-kun
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1986, 10 (2):  115-123. 
    Abstract ( 2203 )   PDF (503KB) ( 992 )   Save
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    Psammophilous vegetation, found on the sandy coast of the littoral zone, is composed of psammophytes and some plants with sandy tolerance. It is a intrazonal vegetation with xeromorphic properties.The floristic composition of psammophilous vegetation is poor. According to data from many parts of the coast, there are about 24 species of vascular plant belonging to 18 families and 21 genera. Besides, there is a successional stage of forest in the psammo-littora, which contains 19 woody species and 21 herbaceous species all with sand resistance. They are newly discovered. In survey, we identified 2 fundamental types and 6 communities which are as follows:1. Herbaceous sand vegetation. This type of vegetation may be divided into 5 communities. 1) Messerschmidia sibirica community; 2) Salsola pestifer community; 3) Carex kobomugi+Glehnia littoralis commun ity; 4) Carex pumila+Calystegia soldanella+lxeris repens community, and 5) Imperata cylindrica var. major community. The latter may be succeed by shrub community.2. Woody sand vegetation. There is only one community which is Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia community. Besides, there are two cultivated forests namely Robinia pseudoacacia forest and Amorpha fruticosa shrub forest.All the communities mentioned above have been described or tabulated in the distribution, succession, etc., respectively.The problems on the exploitation, utilization and protection of psammophilous vegetation are discussed.
    Studies on the Mangrove Ecosystem of Jiulongjiang River Estuary of Fujian V.——Accumulation and Biological Cycle of Chlorine in Kandelia candel Community
    Lian Yu-wu, Lin Peng
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1986, 10 (2):  124-130. 
    Abstract ( 2131 )   PDF (435KB) ( 771 )   Save
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    This paper is a part of the studies on the mangrove forests in the estuary area of the Jiulongjiang River in Fujian Province. It deals mainly with the accumulation and biological cycle of chlorine in the artificial 20-year-old Kandelia candel community.The main results of the measurements are as follows:1. The amount of chlorine in the standing crop of this community was 3864.13kg·ha-1,in which the amount of the element in the aerial part of the biomass was 1287.75 kg·ha-1 and that of the biomass below ground was 2576.38 kg·ha-1. 2. In the biological cycle of chlorine of this stand, the value of the element in the vegetation uptake was 626.57 kg·ha-1; and that of its return, 27l.31kg·ha-1; and that of its retention 335.26kg·ha-1. 3. The length of the chlorine recycling period is 14 years.
    The Translocation, Distribution and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Crops-Soil System in the Eastern Suburbs of Beijing
    Huang Yin-xiao, Lin Shun-hua, Ren Ji-kai, Chen Qing-lang, Chen Zhang-long, Han Rong-zhuang, Yao Yi-qun
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1986, 10 (2):  131-145. 
    Abstract ( 2513 )   PDF (785KB) ( 931 )   Save
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    This paper has studied the regularity of translocation, distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in crop-soil system in the sewageirrigated area in the Eastern Suburbs of Beijing. The result of the experiments indicates that the mercury content in vegetables is about 3—15 times more than in crops and about 16--200 times more than in fruits. The relativity of Cu, Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni content in wheat and brown rice and in soil is not apparent. The relativity of heavy metal content in soybeans and in the soil, only Pb and Zn reached a high significant level. In the soil where Chinese cabbages were grown, the relativity of organic matter content and heavy metal content reached a significant level. However, the relativity of the content of them in the cabbages was not evident. This indicates that apart from the total content of heavy metals in the soil, the amount of their available content was the main factor which influenced the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals by the crops in this area.In most of the soils applied sludge and the crops grow in it Cd/Zn is<1%. Pot experiments have shown that the applying of local sludge and sewage had more influence on the growth of rice than the applying of sludge and then clear water. Therefore when sludge containing heavy metals is applied, the amount of it should not exceed 5000 jin per mu. The experiment in fields and pots have also proved that the amount of heavy metals transferred to plants from soil and then sent out through plants was very small. However, more mercury, cadmium and arsenic are transported than lead and chrome.
    A Study on the Biomass and Production of Picea purpurea Forest Communities
    Jiang Hong
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1986, 10 (2):  146-152. 
    Abstract ( 2306 )   PDF (386KB) ( 1093 )   Save
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    A preliminary research of plant biomass and production of natural middle-age stand of Picea purpurea at elevation 3200–3350m in Songpan County of Sichuan Province is presented here. Spruce tree, spruce sapling, undergrowth, living plant cover and dead branches and leaves were observed by “average standard tree” and “divided-storeys” method. The following regression equations were derived from the standing crop of the destructive trees:

    Ws= 3.1660 (D2H) 0.4567, WBk =0.8657 (D2H)0.4109,

    WB= 12.4382(D2H)0.1928 WF=2.9259(D2H)0.3129,

    WR= 14.8482 (D2H)0.1960

    The estimated total biomass of P. purpurea forest community is 158.78 t/ha, net production 3.415 t/(ha.·r.). Total aboveground biomass of spruce is 134.407 t/ha, net-production 2.890 t/(ha·yr.), in which the percentages of stem, bark, branch, leaf and root are 44.6%, 5.9%, 19.5%, 10.6% and 19.4% respectively. The biomass percentages of spruce tree, spruce sapling, undergrowth and living plant cover and dead branch and leaf are 84%, 2%,9% and 5% respectively. The close relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and the production of spruce tree was further proved. Within a certain limit the stand of LAI of 4.34 would increase by 47.2% in comparison with the stand of LAI of 3.32, and that of close crown is higher than that of thin crown.

    Discussion on the Laurisilva of Canary Islands
    Zhang Shen
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1986, 10 (2):  156-160. 
    Abstract ( 2370 )   PDF (315KB) ( 781 )   Save
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    The laurel forest of Canary Islands developed under local special moistural condition. It doesn′t agree with the region climate. The Canary laurel forest is not only similar with but difference from zonal laurel forest on community characteristics as a result of particular environmental condition.For this reason, the Canary laurel forest belongs to azonal vegetation type. It is unnecessary to consider and to describes it as a typical laurel forest of the world.

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