植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 508-516.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0049
收稿日期:
2014-01-22
接受日期:
2015-01-10
出版日期:
2015-05-01
发布日期:
2015-05-26
通讯作者:
李新蓉
作者简介:
*作者简介:E-mail:
基金资助:
Received:
2014-01-22
Accepted:
2015-01-10
Online:
2015-05-01
Published:
2015-05-26
Contact:
Xin-Rong LI
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
蒺藜(Tribulus terrester)果实由5个集合繁殖体构成, 是一种常见的具集合繁殖体的一年生植物。该文对不同月份成熟的蒺藜果实及果实集合繁殖体的形态、活力、吸水率、萌发率及萌发速率进行了比较观察, 初步探讨其生态学意义。主要结果如下: 1)果实各集合繁殖体间在质量、附属物质量百分比、种子数、活力、吸水率、萌发率及萌发速率方面随其发育顺序依次减小, 存在显著差异; 2)果实平均活力及萌发率随成熟时间依次升高, 而吸水率依次降低, 平均活力及萌发率与果实成熟时间正相关, 而与吸水率负相关, 成熟时间越早, 活力及萌发率越低, 吸水率越高; 3)除9月最晚成熟的集合繁殖体在最适条件下均能萌发外, 其余月份的果实各集合繁殖体只能部分萌发, 且只有位于集合繁殖体长刺端的种子能萌发, 这种在当季只萌发部分种子, 剩下的种子仍然保持在一个扩散单元中并在数周、数月或数年间不规则地间隔萌发属于间歇性萌发。上述结果表明: 不同月份成熟果实及果实不同发育顺序的集合繁殖体在形态、活力及吸水率方面存在梯度变化, 这种变化可能是造成蒺藜间歇性萌发的主要原因, 这种萌发对策可以降低同胞后代间的竞争, 使其对可变环境中的生存风险进行有效的分摊, 为物种的延续提供保障。
孟雅冰, 李新蓉. 蒺藜集合繁殖体形态及间歇性萌发特性. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(5): 508-516. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0049
MENG Ya-Bing,LI Xin-Rong. Morphology and intermittent germination characteristics of synaptospermy of Tribulus terrester. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(5): 508-516. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0049
图1 蒺藜集合繁殖体形态特征。A, 果实大小发育进程。B, 扩散前依照发育先后顺序标记集合繁殖体。C, 以集合繁殖体为扩散单元。D, 种子及集合繁殖体横切。E, 仅位于集合繁殖体长刺端的种子在当季萌发。
Fig. 1 Morphology of synaptospermy of Tribulus terrester. A, Development process of fruits. B, Marked synaptospermies in sequence of maturing before dispersal. C, Synaptospermy as the dispersal units. D, Seed and crosscut synaptospermy. E, Only one seed located in the position of the long thorn of a synaptospermy could germinate in the season.
集合繁殖体 Synaptospermy (n = 100) | 质量 Mass (g) | 附属物质量百分比 Percentage of appendage account for mass (%) | 种子数 Number of seeds |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.051 2 ± 0.001 5a | 61.78 ± 0.04a | 3.1 ± 0.7a |
2 | 0.044 3 ± 0.001 7a | 62.64 ± 0.05a | 2.8 ± 0.5a |
3 | 0.030 6 ± 0.001 8b | 61.54 ± 0.15a | 2.1 ± 0.1b |
4 | 0.018 6 ± 0.001 6c | 49.63 ± 0.31b | 1.3 ± 0.1c |
5 | 0.012 8 ± 0.001 3d | 24.93 ± 0.33c | 0.5 ± 0.1d |
F | 141.034 | 63.940 | 131.451 |
表1 蒺藜集合繁殖体形态特征比较(平均值±标准误差)
Table 1 Comparison in synaptospermy morphology of Tribulus terrester (mean ± SE)
集合繁殖体 Synaptospermy (n = 100) | 质量 Mass (g) | 附属物质量百分比 Percentage of appendage account for mass (%) | 种子数 Number of seeds |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.051 2 ± 0.001 5a | 61.78 ± 0.04a | 3.1 ± 0.7a |
2 | 0.044 3 ± 0.001 7a | 62.64 ± 0.05a | 2.8 ± 0.5a |
3 | 0.030 6 ± 0.001 8b | 61.54 ± 0.15a | 2.1 ± 0.1b |
4 | 0.018 6 ± 0.001 6c | 49.63 ± 0.31b | 1.3 ± 0.1c |
5 | 0.012 8 ± 0.001 3d | 24.93 ± 0.33c | 0.5 ± 0.1d |
F | 141.034 | 63.940 | 131.451 |
图2 不同月份成熟的蒺藜集合繁殖体活力比较(平均值±标准误差)。A, 7月。B, 8月。C, 9月。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 2 Comparison in vigor of synaptospermy of Tribulus terrester in different mature month (mean ± SE). A, July. B, August. C, September. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
图3 不同月份成熟的蒺藜集合繁殖体吸水率比较(平均值±标准误差)。集合繁殖体1-集合繁殖体5为按顺序依次成熟的集合繁殖体; 不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。A, 7月份。B, 8月份。C, 9月份。
Fig. 3 Comparison in water absorption rate of synaptospermy of Tribulus terrester in different mature month (mean ± SE). synaptospermy 1 to synaptospermy 5 indicate the sequence of synaptospermy after maturing, respectively; different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). A, July. B, August. C, September.
图4 不同月份成熟的蒺藜集合繁殖体萌发率比较(平均值±标准误差)。A, 7月。B, 8月。C, 9月。1-5为按顺序依次成熟的集合繁殖体。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 4 Comparison in germination percentage of synaptospermy of Tribulus terrester in different mature month (mean ± SE). A, July. B, August. C, September. 1-5 indicate the sequence of synaptospermy after maturing, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
图5 不同月份成熟的蒺藜集合繁殖体萌发速率比较(平均值±标准误差)。A, 7月。B, 8月。C, 9月。1-5为按顺序依次成熟的集合繁殖体。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 5 Comparison in germination rate of synaptospermy of Tribulus terrester in different mature month (mean ± SE). A, July. B, August. C, September. 1-5 indicate the sequence of synaptospermy after maturing, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
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