太阳辐射对长白山阔叶红松林净生态系统碳交换的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.004

植物生态学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 270-282.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.004

所属专题：生态系统碳水能量通量；碳循环

太阳辐射对长白山阔叶红松林净生态系统碳交换的影响

张弥¹^,², 于贵瑞¹^,^*(), 张雷明¹, 孙晓敏¹, 温学发¹, 韩士杰³

1 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
2 中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049
3 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2008-03-26 接受日期:2008-08-26 出版日期:2009-03-26 发布日期:2009-03-31
通讯作者: 于贵瑞
作者简介:* E-mail: yugr@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大项目(30590381);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-432-3);国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G2002CB412501)

EFFECTS OF SOLAR RADIATION ON NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE OF BROADLEAVED-KOREAN PINE MIXED FOREST IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN, CHINA

ZHANG Mi¹^,², YU Gui-Rui¹^,^*(), ZHANG Lei-Ming¹, SUN Xiao-Min¹, WEN Xue-Fa¹, HAN Shi-Jie³

¹Institue of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
²Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Received:2008-03-26 Accepted:2008-08-26 Online:2009-03-26 Published:2009-03-31
Contact: YU Gui-Rui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太阳辐射是植物进行光合作用的前提条件, 因此成为影响植被吸收大气CO₂的重要环境因子。该研究基于30 min通量和常规气象数据, 以相对辐射和晴空指数为指标, 分析了2003~2006年生长旺季(6~8月)太阳辐射的改变对长白山阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林净生态系统碳交换(Net ecosystem exchange, NEE)的影响。结果表明: 天空有一定云层的覆盖对阔叶红松林碳的净吸收有明显的促进作用。4年里6~8月间生态系统最大光合速率在天空有云覆盖时较晴空条件下分别提高了34%、25%、4%和11%。在晴空指数约为0.5的中等辐射条件下, 该生态系统的NEE达到最大。对生态系统碳的净吸收有促进作用的临界相对辐射约为37%, 而使该生态系统NEE达到最大的最适相对辐射约为75%。进一步分析表明, 天空云量的增多和云层厚度的增加会引起散射辐射比例的增加、大气温度和水汽亏缺程度的降低等环境效应, 由此可能会导致冠层光合作用的增加和地上部分呼吸的减弱, 从而共同决定了净生态系统碳吸收作用的增强。

关键词: 长白山阔叶红松林, 净碳交换, 晴空指数, 相对辐射

Abstract:

Aims Solar radiation can affect net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide of forests, because cloud cover alters solar radiation, which in turn alters other environmental factors such as temperature and vapor pressure deficit. Our objective was to analyze the effects of these changes on NEE of broadleaved-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest in Changbai Mountain.

Methods Our analysis was based on 30-min flux data and routine meteorology data for mid-growing season (June to August) for 2003-2006.

Important findings Cloud cover significantly increased NEE. The light-saturated maximum photosynthetic rate was enhanced 34%, 25%, 4% and 11% on cloudy days compared with clear days in the four years of study. Relative irradiance and clearness index (k_t) were important in quantifying the effects of cloud cover, cloud shape and cloud thickness on solar radiation. When k_twas about 0.5, NEE reached its maximum. When the relative irradiance was over the critical relative irradiance of 37%, NEE was enhanced; maximum NEE occurred at about 75%. Enhancement ofNEE was ascribed to increased canopy assimilation and decreased above-ground respiration, which resulted from increased diffuse radiation and decreased air temperature and vapor pressure deficit with increased cloudiness.

Key words: broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest, net ecosystem exchange, clearness index, relative irradiance

张弥, 于贵瑞, 张雷明, 孙晓敏, 温学发, 韩士杰. 太阳辐射对长白山阔叶红松林净生态系统碳交换的影响. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 270-282. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.004

ZHANG Mi, YU Gui-Rui, ZHANG Lei-Ming, SUN Xiao-Min, WEN Xue-Fa, HAN Shi-Jie. EFFECTS OF SOLAR RADIATION ON NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE OF BROADLEAVED-KOREAN PINE MIXED FOREST IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(2): 270-282. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.004

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.004

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I2/270

图/表 12

图1 长白山阔叶红松林2003~2006年6~8月晴朗天气和多云天气下的光响应曲线

Fig. 1 Light response curves of broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain under clear days and cloud days from June to August in the years from 2003 to 2006 PAR: Photosynthetically available radiation

表1 长白山阔叶红松林2003~2006年6~8月晴朗天气及多云天气下的光响应曲线参数

Table 1 Parameter values of light response curve of broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain under clear days and cloud days from June to August in the years from 2003 to 2006

	2003		2004		2005		2006
	多云天气Cloud days	晴朗天气Clear days	多云天气Cloud days	晴朗天气Clear days	多云天气Cloud days	晴朗天气Clear days	多云天气Cloud days	晴朗天气Clear days
初始量子效率α (mg CO₂·μmol^-1)	-0.003 6	-0.002 7	-0.003 7	-0.004 1	-0.003 9	-0.003 2	-0.003 9	-0.004 4
最大光合作用速率P_ec,max(mg CO₂·m^-2s^-1)	-1.309	-0.864	-1.210	-0.902	-1.307	-1.253	-1.213	-1.079
生态系统呼吸R_e (mg CO₂·m^-2s^-1)	0.281	0.217	0.278	0.257	0.244	0.369	0.244	0.337
曲线拟合相关系数的平方R²	0.67	0.50	0.55	0.50	0.60	0.66	0.62	0.56

图2 长白山阔叶红松林2003年6~8月不同太阳高度角范围内NEE与晴空指数kt的关系虚线箭头示意使NEE达到最大值的kt值; 多项式回归不包括“云隙”效应下的数据; 由于2003~2006年结果相似, 因此仅取2003年表示

Fig. 2 Relationship between net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and clearness index kt for the broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain for different intervals of solar elevation angles from June to August in 2003 Dashed line arrow indicate the value of kt at which the NEE reached its maximum; Regression did not include cloud-gap points; Since similar results were found in the years from 2003 to 2006, only 2003 results are shown

表2 2003~2006年6~8月长白山阔叶红松林不同太阳高度角范围内使NEE达到最大的kt值

Table 2 The value of kt at which net ecosystem exchange (NEE) reached its maximum for the broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain for different intervals of solar elevation angles from June to August in the years from 2003 to 2006

太阳高度角 Solar elevation angle β	晴空指数 Clearness indexk_t
太阳高度角 Solar elevation angle β	2003	2004	2005	2006
30~35o	0.49	0.43	0.49	0.54
35~40o	0.50	0.42	0.51	0.52
40~45o	0.46	0.47	0.50	0.51
45~50o	0.48	0.43	0.48	0.50
50~55o	0.44	0.50	0.50	0.50
55~60o	0.46	0.48	0.47	0.50
60~65o	0.50	0.44	0.56	0.46
65~70o	0.46	0.50	0.51	0.50
平均 Average	0.47	0.46	0.50	0.51

图3 长白山阔叶红松林2003年6~8月不同太阳高度角范围内光能利用率LUE与晴空指数kt的关系由于2003~2006年结果相似, 仅取2003年表示

Fig. 3 Relationship between light use efficiency (LUE) and clearness index (kt) for the broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain for different intervals of solar elevation angles from June to August in 2003 Since similar results were found in the years from 2003 to 2006, only 2003 results are shown

图4 长白山阔叶红松林2003年6~8月不同太阳高度角范围内NEE与相对辐射r的关系直线箭头示意最适相对辐射, 虚线箭头示意临界相对辐射; 多项式回归不包括“云隙”效应下的数据; 由于2003~2006年结果相似, 仅取2003年表示

Fig. 4 Relationship between net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and relative irradiance for the broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain for different intervals of solar elevation angles from June to August in 2003 Straight line arrow indicate the optimal relative irradiance; dash line arrow indicate the critical relative irradiance; Regression did not include cloud-gap points; Since similar results were found in the years from 2003 to 2006, only 2003 results are shown

图5 长白山阔叶红松林2003~2006年6~8月不同太阳高度角范围内的最适相对辐射(a)与临界相对辐射(b)

Fig. 5 The optimal relative irradiance (a) and critical relative irradiance (b) for the broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain for different intervals of solar elevation angles from June to August in the years from 2003 to 2006

表3 长白山阔叶红松林2003~2006年6~8月不同太阳高度角范围内的最适相对辐射与临界相对辐射(%)

Table 3 The values of optimal relative irradiance and critical relative irradiance for the broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain for different intervals of solar elevation angles from June to August in the years from 2003 to 2006 (%)

太阳高度角 Solar elevation angle β	2003		2004		2005		2006
太阳高度角 Solar elevation angle β	最适相对辐射Optimal relative irradiance	临界相对辐射Critical relative irradiance	最适相对辐射Optimal relative irradiance	临界相对辐射Critical relative irradiance	最适相对辐射Optimal relative irradiance	临界相对辐射Critical relative irradiance	最适相对辐射Optimal relative irradiance	临界相对辐射Critical relative irradiance
30o~35o	75	67	94	34	98	38	53	28
35o~40o	84	54	78	35	82	34	81	54
40o~45o	87	51	80	54	73	44	77	32
45o~50o	59	39	87	64	64	38	70	26
50o~55o	61	26	81	43	71	45	58	40
55o~60o	71	20	74	19	81	24	68	39
60o~65o	87	30	63	20	73	14	45	35
65o~70o	59	19	72	35	75	29	95	45
平均Average	73	38	79	38	77	33	68	37

图6 长白山阔叶红松林2003~2006年6~8月kt的分布频率直方图(β>20o)

Fig. 6 Histograms of values of the clearness index (kt) for solar elevation angles β>20o at the broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain from June to August in the years from 2003 to 2006

图7 2003年6~8月不同太阳高度角范围内光合有效辐射中的散射辐射部分随晴空指数kt的变化 2003~2006年结果相似, 取2003年不同太阳高度角表示; diffuse PAR的计算参见Gu (1999)

Fig. 7 Changes of diffuse PAR with the clearness index (kt) for different solar elevation angles from June to August in 2003 Since similar results were found in the years from 2003 to 2006, only 2003 results are shown; the calculation method of diffuse PAR refer to Gu (1999)

图8 长白山阔叶红松林2003年6~8月气温(a)以及5 cm处土壤温度(b)随晴空指数kt的变化 2003~2006年变化相似, 不同太阳高度角变化相同, 取2003年一个太阳高度角范围(60°~65°)进行说明

Fig. 8 Changes of air temperature (Ta) (a) and 5 cm soil temperature (Ts) (b) with clearness index (kt) for the broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain from June to August in 2003 Since similar results were found for different solar elevation angles in the years from 2003 to 2006, only the result of one interval of solar elevation angle (60°-65°) in 2003 are shown

图9 长白山阔叶红松林2003年6~8月空气饱和水汽压差VPD随晴空指数kt的变化 2003~2006年变化相同, 不同太阳高度角变化相同, 取2003年一个太阳高度角范围(60°~65°)进行说明

Fig. 9 Change of vapor pressure deficit VPD with clearness index (kt) for the broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain from June to August in 2003 Since similar results were found for different solar elevation angles in the years from 2003 to 2006, only the result of one interval of solar elevation angle (60°-65°) in 2003 are shown

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太阳辐射对长白山阔叶红松林净生态系统碳交换的影响

EFFECTS OF SOLAR RADIATION ON NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE OF BROADLEAVED-KOREAN PINE MIXED FOREST IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN, CHINA

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