毛乌素沙地中间锦鸡儿整株丛的蒸腾特征

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)是一种优良的防风固沙灌木。有关其蒸腾作用的测定研究多是通过对单叶或小枝蒸腾速率的测定值推算整株丛的蒸腾耗水。该研究选择在中间锦鸡儿株丛的主根安装“热扩散探针”来测定整株丛的蒸腾耗水。结果表明: 中间锦鸡儿整株丛液流量的日变化可划分为4个阶段: 1)液流量迅速上升阶段(8:00~11:30), 其液流量占全天液流量的21.21%; 2)液流量最高而相对稳定阶段(12:00~18:00), 液流量占全天液流量的58.84%; 3)液流量迅速降低阶段(18:30~21:00), 液流量占全天液流量的10.62%; 4)液流量最低而稳定阶段(21:30~次日8:00), 液流量占全天液流量的9.32%。从所观测的中间锦鸡儿整株丛液流量的日变化可以看出: 在午间(12:00~14:00), 中间锦鸡儿整株丛蒸腾虽因环境因子的影响(如云朵遮阴)会发生较小的波动, 但并没有出现明显的“午休”现象, 而是保持相对稳定的高蒸腾速率。环境因子对中间锦鸡儿整株丛液流量影响的强弱次序依次为: 太阳辐射>空气温度>水蒸气压亏缺>空气相对湿度>土壤温度>风速。液流量对环境因子变化的响应存在着明显的时滞现象。根据所测大、中、小3个中间锦鸡儿整株丛树干液流量数据, 计算出一个中等大小(株高为110 cm, 冠幅为0.6 m², 叶片总干重为51.82 g)的中间锦鸡儿整株丛在测定时间内的日蒸腾耗水量为2.2 kg · d^-1。

关键词: 中间锦鸡儿, 树干液流量, 灌木整株丛蒸腾作用, 热扩散探针法

Abstract:

Aims Caragana intermedia is an excellent wind-breaking and sand-fixing shrub species. There are many reports of transpiration measurements of C. intermedia, most of which extrapolated the transpiration water consumption of entire shrubs from measurement of a single leaf or shoot. Our objective was to study diurnal changes of sap flow for entire individuals of C. intermedia.
Methods We selected three C. intermedia plants in the Mu Us Sandy Land of north-central China and measured sap flow with a thermal dissipation probe, also called Granier sap-flow probe. The sap-flow sensor includes two probes, each of them containing a copper constantan thermocouple. We inserted the probes into the taproot, with one probe about 4-5 cm above the other, used solar film to seal the top of the cover against the bark to prevent rainwater from entering and obtained continuous measurements.
Important findings The diurnal changes of sap flow in C. intermedia individuals can be divided into four phases: 1) rapid ascending phase (8:00-11:30), 2) stationary high phase (12:00-18:00), 3) rapid descending phase (18:30-21:00) and 4) stationary low phase (21:30-8:00) of the next day, accounting for 21.21%, 58.84%, 10.62% and 9.32% of the sap flow, respectively. From 12:00 to 14:00, however, transpiration fluctuated slightly because of the environment (e.g., clouds), but there was no obvious “noon break”, as the transpiration rate remained high. The sequence of environmental factors that impacted sap flow was: solar radiation > air temperature > vapor pressure deficit > air relative humidity > soil temperature > wind, and there was an obvious time lag between the sap flow and the environment factors. Based on the diurnal change data, we calculated that the transpiration water consumption of an individual C. intermedia shrub is 2.2 kg·d^-1.

Key words: Caragana intermedia, sap flow, transpiration of an individual shrub, thermal dissipation probe method

臧春鑫, 杨劼, 袁劼, 刘鑫, 宋炳煜. 毛乌素沙地中间锦鸡儿整株丛的蒸腾特征. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(4): 719-727. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.010

ZANG Chun-Xin, YANG Jie, YUAN Jie, LIU Xin, SONG Bing-Yu. TRANSPIRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL SHRUBS OF CARAGANA INTERMEDIA IN MU US SANDY LAND OF NORTH-CENTRAL CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(4): 719-727. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.010

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I4/719

图/表 7

图1 中间锦鸡儿整株丛树干液流量的日变化(为3个观测株丛4 d树干液流量的变化)

Fig. 1 Daily variation curve of sap flux of a Caragana intermedia entire shrub (Variations of sap flux density of three C. intermedia plants within four days)

图2 中间锦鸡儿整株丛日平均液流量变化曲线(为样株2在2006年8月16日一天内的液流量变化)

Fig. 2 Average daily variation curve of sap flux of a Caragana intermedia entire shrub (Daily variations of sap flux of C. intermedia plant No. 2 on August 16, 2006)

图3 各个环境因子的日变化曲线 a: 大气相对湿度的日变化 Daily variation of air relative humidity b: 空气温度的日变化 Daily variation of air temperature c: 太阳辐射日变化 Daily variation of solar radiation d: 风速日变化 Daily variation of wind speed e: 土壤温度日变化 Daily variation of soil temperature f: 水蒸气压亏缺日变化 Daily variation of vapor pressure deficit

Fig. 3 Daily variation in ambient environmental factors

表1 中间锦鸡儿整株丛液流量与环境因子间的相关关系

Table 1 Correlation between the sap flux of Caragana intermedia entire shrub and environmental factors

		水蒸气压亏缺 Vapor pressure deficit	太阳辐射 Solar radiation	空气温度 Air temperature	大气相对湿度 Air relative humidity	风速 Wind speed	10 cm处土温 Soil temperature at 10 cm depth
液流量 Sap flux	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	0.707^**	0.865^**	0.790^**	-0.608^**	0.286^**	0.450^**
液流量 Sap flux	显著性水平 Sig.	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

图4 中间锦鸡儿整株丛液流量与各环境因子的变化曲线

Fig. 4 Variation in the sap flux of Caragana intermedia entire shrub and ambient environmental factors

图5 大气相对湿度与风速随时间变化的曲线

Fig. 5 Variation curves of air relative humidity and wind speed with time

图6 中间锦鸡儿整株丛液流量与表层土壤体积含水量随时间变化的曲线

Fig. 6 Variation curves of the sap flux of Caragana intermedia entire shrub and soil volumetric water content with time

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