入侵植物剑叶金鸡菊的繁殖特征及其与入侵性之间的关系

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

入侵植物剑叶金鸡菊(Coreopsis lanceolata)既可进行有性繁殖, 又能进行克隆繁殖, 其繁殖特征可能对其入侵性具有重要影响, 然而目前相关研究较少。通过观测剑叶金鸡菊的花序开花动态、交配系统、种子萌发特性等有性繁殖特征及克隆繁殖特征, 研究了上述繁殖特性及其与入侵性之间的关系。结果表明, 剑叶金鸡菊每年4月下旬开始现蕾, 5-11月为花果期。单个花序的花期为5-6天, 至果实成熟开裂约18天。单个花序自交及同株异花授粉不亲和, 为异株异花授粉的异交型, 其花粉-胚珠比(P/O比)为103 549.40 ± 7 162.44。花序高花粉活力及本地蜂传粉行为保障了花粉资源, 因而结实率高达12 000粒∙株^-1。自然条件下其种子的萌发率高达50%以上, 且2-3天即可萌发。剑叶金鸡菊克隆繁殖能力非常强, 整个生长季节均可见从根蘖长出的密集型克隆分株, 8月下旬开始出现游击型克隆生长, 通过密集型和游击型克隆生长, 剑叶金鸡菊排斥其他物种形成单优种群。上述研究结果说明, 剑叶金鸡菊的入侵性与其繁殖特征密切相关。

关键词: 外来入侵植物, 繁育系统, 剑叶金鸡菊, 繁殖特征

Abstract:

Aims The invasive plant Coreopsis lanceolata can reproduce sexually and clonally, but the relative importance of these remains largely unknown. Our objective was to determine if reproductive characteristics affect the invasiveness of C. lanceolata.

Methods We observed the flowering dynamics of inflorescence, self-compatibility, germination traits of seed and clonal reproductive traits of C. lanceolata.

Important findings Most C. lanceolata flowered and fruited between April and November. The florescence of a single capitulum persisted approximately 5 to 6 days, and the fruits matured after 18 days. Bagged capitula showed there were no seed set in single capitulum, and they were geitonogamous, which indicated self-incompatibility. The pollen-ovule (P/O) ratio was 103 549.40 ± 7 162.44. There was high pollen viability during flowering, and pollinator movement ensured endogamy, which improved the rate of out-crossing. Under natural conditions, the germination percentage is >50%, and germination occurs within 2-3 days. Coreopsis lanceolata has strong asexual capacity; there were many phalanx ramets from roots during the growing season, and the guerrilla ramets only occurred beginning in the last ten days of August, which is beneficial to C. lanceolata in excluding other species and forming mono-culture populations. These results suggest that the invasiveness of C. lanceolata is closely related to its reproductive traits.

Key words: alien invasive plant, breeding system, Coreopsis lanceolata, reproductive traits

曾建军, 肖宜安, 孙敏. 入侵植物剑叶金鸡菊的繁殖特征及其与入侵性之间的关系. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(8): 966-972. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.009

ZENG Jian-Jun, XIAO Yi-An, SUN Min. Reproductive traits associated with invasiveness in Coreopsis lanceolata. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(8): 966-972. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.009

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I8/966

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观测项目 Observation item	观测结果 Observation result	观测项目 Observation item	观测结果 Observation result
始花期(5%个体开花) First flower date (5% individuals flowering)	4月20日 20 April	小花数量 Numbers of florets	241.40 ± 17.52
盛花期(50%及以上个体开花) Peak flowering date (50% or more individuals flowering)	4月29日 29 April	小花长度 Length of florets (mm)	8.85 ± 0.69
花期持续时间 Duration of flowering phase (month)	8	小花宽度 Width of florets (mm)	1.16 ± 0.13
终花期(仅5%个体开花) End of flowering date (only 5% individuals flowering)	5月11日 11 May	管状花每天开花轮数 Numbers of tubular flowers bloom every day (rounds)	1-2
小花类型 Type of florets	管状花 Tubiform floret	花序完全开放需要的时间 Duration of inflorescence (d)	5-6
花序长度 Length of inflorescence (mm)	56.01 ± 4.38	种子成熟时间 Time of seed mature (d)	8
花序宽度 Width of inflorescence (mm)	11.65 ± 0.83	从开花到果实成熟开裂需要的时间 Duration of blooming to fruit mature (d)	18

观测项目 Observation item	观测结果 Observation result	观测项目 Observation item	观测结果 Observation result
始花期(5%个体开花) First flower date (5% individuals flowering)	4月20日 20 April	小花数量 Numbers of florets	241.40 ± 17.52
盛花期(50%及以上个体开花) Peak flowering date (50% or more individuals flowering)	4月29日 29 April	小花长度 Length of florets (mm)	8.85 ± 0.69
花期持续时间 Duration of flowering phase (month)	8	小花宽度 Width of florets (mm)	1.16 ± 0.13
终花期(仅5%个体开花) End of flowering date (only 5% individuals flowering)	5月11日 11 May	管状花每天开花轮数 Numbers of tubular flowers bloom every day (rounds)	1-2
小花类型 Type of florets	管状花 Tubiform floret	花序完全开放需要的时间 Duration of inflorescence (d)	5-6
花序长度 Length of inflorescence (mm)	56.01 ± 4.38	种子成熟时间 Time of seed mature (d)	8
花序宽度 Width of inflorescence (mm)	11.65 ± 0.83	从开花到果实成熟开裂需要的时间 Duration of blooming to fruit mature (d)	18

	开花时间 Time after blooming (h)
	24	48	72	96	120	144	168
花粉活力 Pollen viability (%)	95.51 ± 2.04	94.36 ± 3.57	94.51 ± 3.44	94.24 ± 5.88	81.37 ± 27.70	50.55 ± 19.56	-

	开花时间 Time after blooming (h)
	24	48	72	96	120	144	168
花粉活力 Pollen viability (%)	95.51 ± 2.04	94.36 ± 3.57	94.51 ± 3.44	94.24 ± 5.88	81.37 ± 27.70	50.55 ± 19.56	-

变异来源 Variable source	土壤 Soil					播种深度 Sowing depth
变异来源 Variable source	df	SS	F	p		df	SS	F	p
种子萌发率 Seed germination	2	17 797.00	297.01	*		4	4 074.47	15.56	*