植物养分捕获的菌根塑性——外生菌根的塑性

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物根资源捕获塑性是地下生态学研究的重点之一, 在过去二三十年间有长足的进步。菌根塑性是根资源捕获塑性的重要方面, 但由于研究手段的限制, 目前仅有概念上的探讨。缺乏菌根塑性的根塑性研究至少是不全面的。菌根生物学的迅速发展, 尤其是分子生物学手段的介入, 使对菌根塑性进行深入研究成为可能。该文对外生菌根塑性进行讨论, 在简要介绍了外生菌根的生物学基本知识后, 着重讨论了外生菌根形态塑性和生理塑性的定义与内涵。通过文献综述, 分析讨论了外生菌根塑性的研究现状: 很少有研究聚焦在菌根塑性本身, 现有的材料多为其他研究的隐示或研究结果的引申, 并多在形态塑性方面。外生菌根的生理塑性未见有直接的实验数据。该文还对外生菌根研究中发展的、可用于菌根塑性研究的方法进行了综述。由于外生菌根塑性的复杂性, 对菌根塑性的研究会较植物根本身塑性的研究复杂得多, 问题也会相对复杂, 比如植物和外生菌根菌之间的营养需求关系、植物外生菌根塑性的生态意义、实验方法的缺陷等等。对今后外生菌根塑性研究的方向进行了探讨。

关键词: 外生菌根塑性, 形态塑性, 菌根塑性, 生理塑性, 植物养分捕获

Abstract:

There has been considerable progress in understanding plant nutrient foraging plasticity in the past three decades, resulting in better comprehension of belowground ecology. However, studies of mycorrhizal plasticity, an important aspect of plant nutrient foraging plasticity, are mostly limited in conceptual development due to methodology restrictions. Without understanding mycorrhizal plasticity, the comprehension of plant root plasticity is incomplete. The rapid development of mycorrhizal biology, especially the involvement of molecular biology approaches, lends the possibility of in-depth study of mycorrhizal plasticity. We focus on ectomycorrhizal plasticity with a brief introduction to basic ectomycorrhizal biology. Few studies have focused on mycorrhizal plasticity specifically, and they have yielded only scattered implications, mostly morphological. Studies on physiological plasticity have been basically absent. Development of study approaches in ectomycorrhizae lends great promise for research on mycorrhizal plasticity. The complexity of ectomycorrhizal foraging plasticity determines the complexity of research and questions to be answered. We address expected directions and questions in ectomycorrhizal foraging plasticity.

Key words: ectomycorrhizal plasticity, morphological plasticity, mycorrhizal plasticity, physiological plasticity, plant nutrient foraging

刘延滨, 牟溥. 植物养分捕获的菌根塑性——外生菌根的塑性. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(12): 1472-1484. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.014

LIU Yan-Bin, MOU Pu. Mycorrhizal plasticity of plant nutrient foraging: a review of ectomycorrhizal plasticity. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(12): 1472-1484. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.014

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I12/1472

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菌根类型 Mycorrhiza type	内生菌根 Endomycorrhizae	外生菌根 Ectomycorrhiza	内外生菌根 Ectendomycorrhiza	欧石楠类菌根 Ericoid mycorrhizas	浆果鹃类菌根 Arbutoid mycorrhizas	水晶兰类菌根 Monotropoid mycorrhizas	兰科菌根 Orchid mycorrhizas
结构特征 Construction	在植物根部的表皮细胞内和细胞间有菌丝, 并且在细胞内菌丝发育成丛枝体和囊泡 Intercellular and intracellular hyphae inside plant root cortical cells, developed arbscules and vesicules in the cells	菌丝鞘 Fungal mantle 哈氏网 Hartig net 外延菌丝 Extraradical mycelium	菌丝鞘 Fungal mantle 哈氏网 Hartig net 菌丝在植物根部表皮细胞内形成复杂结构 Hyphae form complex structure in plant root cortical cells	菌丝在植物根部表皮细胞内形成菌丝复合体 Fungal hyphae form complexes in the plant root cortical cells 外延菌丝不发达 Extraradical mycelium limited	菌丝鞘 Fungal mantle 哈氏网 Hartig net 植物根表皮细胞内复合结构Complexes in the plant root cortical cells	菌丝鞘 Fungal mantle 哈氏网 Hartig net 钉状结构进入根表皮细胞 Hyphae form “pegs” enter epidermal cell	在植物根表皮细胞内形成菌丝团状结构 Form extracellular coils (pelotons) in root cortical cells 外延菌丝不发达 Extraradical mycelium limited
真菌种类 Fungal taxa	球囊霉门 Glomeromycota	担子菌门 Basidiomycota 子囊菌门 Ascomycota 接合菌门 Zygomycota	担子菌门 Basidiomycota 子囊菌门 Ascomycota	子囊菌门 Ascomycota	担子菌门Basidiomycota	担子菌门 Basidiomycota	担子菌门 Basidiomycota
共生植物种类 Plant taxa	蕨类植物门 Pteridophyta 苔藓植物门 Bryophyta 裸子植物门 Gymnospermae 被子植物门 Angiospermae	裸子植物门 Gymnospermae 被子植物门 Angiospermae	裸子植物门 Gymnospermae 被子植物门 Angiospermae	杜鹃科 Ericaceae 岩高兰科 Empetraceae 掌脉石楠科Epacridaceae 苔藓植物门Bryophyta	杜鹃目 Ericales	水晶兰科 Monotropoideae	兰科 Orchidales

菌根类型 Mycorrhiza type	内生菌根 Endomycorrhizae	外生菌根 Ectomycorrhiza	内外生菌根 Ectendomycorrhiza	欧石楠类菌根 Ericoid mycorrhizas	浆果鹃类菌根 Arbutoid mycorrhizas	水晶兰类菌根 Monotropoid mycorrhizas	兰科菌根 Orchid mycorrhizas
结构特征 Construction	在植物根部的表皮细胞内和细胞间有菌丝, 并且在细胞内菌丝发育成丛枝体和囊泡 Intercellular and intracellular hyphae inside plant root cortical cells, developed arbscules and vesicules in the cells	菌丝鞘 Fungal mantle 哈氏网 Hartig net 外延菌丝 Extraradical mycelium	菌丝鞘 Fungal mantle 哈氏网 Hartig net 菌丝在植物根部表皮细胞内形成复杂结构 Hyphae form complex structure in plant root cortical cells	菌丝在植物根部表皮细胞内形成菌丝复合体 Fungal hyphae form complexes in the plant root cortical cells 外延菌丝不发达 Extraradical mycelium limited	菌丝鞘 Fungal mantle 哈氏网 Hartig net 植物根表皮细胞内复合结构Complexes in the plant root cortical cells	菌丝鞘 Fungal mantle 哈氏网 Hartig net 钉状结构进入根表皮细胞 Hyphae form “pegs” enter epidermal cell	在植物根表皮细胞内形成菌丝团状结构 Form extracellular coils (pelotons) in root cortical cells 外延菌丝不发达 Extraradical mycelium limited
真菌种类 Fungal taxa	球囊霉门 Glomeromycota	担子菌门 Basidiomycota 子囊菌门 Ascomycota 接合菌门 Zygomycota	担子菌门 Basidiomycota 子囊菌门 Ascomycota	子囊菌门 Ascomycota	担子菌门Basidiomycota	担子菌门 Basidiomycota	担子菌门 Basidiomycota
共生植物种类 Plant taxa	蕨类植物门 Pteridophyta 苔藓植物门 Bryophyta 裸子植物门 Gymnospermae 被子植物门 Angiospermae	裸子植物门 Gymnospermae 被子植物门 Angiospermae	裸子植物门 Gymnospermae 被子植物门 Angiospermae	杜鹃科 Ericaceae 岩高兰科 Empetraceae 掌脉石楠科Epacridaceae 苔藓植物门Bryophyta	杜鹃目 Ericales	水晶兰科 Monotropoideae	兰科 Orchidales