若尔盖高原湿地不同微地貌区甲烷排放通量特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

若尔盖高原是我国泥炭沼泽湿地的主要分布区、青藏高原的主要甲烷(CH₄)排放中心。为了研究湿地微地貌环境对高原湿地CH₄排放通量的影响, 2014年5-10月, 采用静态箱和快速温室气体分析仪原位测量若尔盖高原湖滨湿地3种泥炭沼泽5种微地貌环境下的CH₄排放通量特征。结果表明: (1)常年性淹水泥炭湿地洼地(P-hollow)和草丘(P-hummock)生长季平均CH₄排放通量为68.48和40.32 mg·m^-2·h^-1, 季节性淹水的泥炭湿地洼地(S-hollow)和草丘(S-hummock)平均CH₄排放通量为2.38和0.63 mg·m^-2·h^-1, 而无淹水平坦地(Lawn)平均CH₄排放通量为3.68 mg·m^-2·h^-1; (2)湿地5种微地貌区CH₄排放通量为(23.10 ± 30.28) mg·m^-2·h^-1 (平均值±标准偏差)), 变异系数为131%。分析显示这5种微地貌区CH₄排放通量的平均值与其水位深度平均值存在显著的线性正相关关系(R² = 0.919, p < 0.01), 表明水位深度是控制湿地微地貌区CH₄排放通量空间变化的主要因子; (3) P-hummock、P-hollow和S-hummock的CH₄排放通量存在显著的季节变化, Lawn和S-hollow无明显的季节性变化, 但5种微地貌区在夏季或秋季均观测到CH₄排放通量峰值, 其影响因子可能与水位深度、土壤温度和凋落物输入密切相关; (4) P-hollow可能时常发生冒泡式CH₄排放, 这可能导致过去低估了若尔盖高原湿地的CH₄排放量。

关键词: 甲烷排放通量, 草丘, 洼地, 平坦地, 若尔盖高原湿地

Abstract:

AimsThe Zoigê Plateau, as a very important wetland distribution region of China, was the major methane (CH₄) emission center of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The objective of this study is to study the effects of microtopographic changes on CH₄ emission fluxes from five plots across three marshes in the littoral zone of the Zoigê Plateau wetland.
Methods CH₄emission fluxes were measured in five plots across three marshes in Zoigê Plateau wetland using the closed chamber method and Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from May to October in 2014.
Important findings During the growing season, mean CH₄ emission fluxes from the permanently flooded hollow (P-hollow) and hummock (P-hummock) in the Zoigê Plateau wetland were 68.48 and 40.32 mg·m^-2·h^-1, while mean CH₄ emission fluxes from the seasonally flooded hollow (S-hollow) and hummock (S-hummock) were 2.38 and 0.63 mg·m^-2·h^-1. CH₄ emission fluxes from non-flooded lawn was 3.68 mg·m^-2·h^-1. Mean CH₄ emission fluxes from five plots across three sites was 23.10 mg·m^-2·h^-1, with a standard deviation of 30.28 mg·m^-2·h^-1and the coefficient of variation was 131%. We also found that there was a significant and positive correlation between mean CH₄emission fluxes and mean water table depth in the five plots across three sites (R²= 0.919, p < 0.01), indicating that water table depth was controlling the spatial variability of CH₄ emission fluxes from the Zoigê Plateau wetland on microtopography. CH₄ emission fluxes in the P-hollow, P-hummock, and S-hummock showed an obvious seasonal pattern, which was not observed in the lawn and S-hollow. However, CH₄ emission peaks were observed in all the plots during summer and/or autumn, which could be closely related to the water table depth, soil temperature, and the magnitude of litter mass. In addition, we found that the CH₄ emission flux in the P-hollow was much higher than the other four plots in the Zoigê Plateau wetland, suggesting that CH₄ in the P-hollow could be often transported to the surface by ebullition and CH₄ emission from the Zoigê Plateau wetland may be under estimated in the past.

Key words: CH₄ emission flux, hummock, hollow, lawn, Zoigê, Plateau wetland

周文昌, 崔丽娟, 王义飞, 李伟, 康晓明. 若尔盖高原湿地不同微地貌区甲烷排放通量特征. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(9): 902-911. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0029

Wen-Chang ZHOU, Li-Juan CUI, Yi-Fei WANG, Wei LI, Xiao-Ming KANG. Characteristics of methane emission fluxes in the Zoigê Plateau wetland on microtopography. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(9): 902-911. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0029

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0029

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I9/902

图/表 5

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样点 Plot	pH (0-10 cm depth)	土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (0-30 cm depth) (g·kg^-1)	土壤容重 Bulk density (0-30 cm depth) (g·cm^-3)	总氮 Total nitrogen (0-10 cm depth) (g·kg^-1)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)
P-hummock	7.6 ± 0.1	210.38 ± 47.29	0.29 ± 0.09	15.20 ± 3.50	127.16 ± 8.11
P-hollow	7.6 ± 0.1	210.38 ± 47.29	0.29 ± 0.09	15.20 ± 3.50	279.34 ± 35.54
Lawn	7.5 ± 0.3	143.21 ± 10.03	0.52 ± 0.08	18.05 ± 0.00	142.28 ± 95.61
S-hummock	7.5 ± 0.2	151.74 ± 74.15	0.40 ± 0.16	8.91 ± 3.85	189.74 ± 72.79
S-hollow	7.5 ± 0.2	151.74 ± 74.15	0.40 ± 0.16	8.91 ± 3.85	194.01 ± 50.07

样点 Plot	pH (0-10 cm depth)	土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (0-30 cm depth) (g·kg^-1)	土壤容重 Bulk density (0-30 cm depth) (g·cm^-3)	总氮 Total nitrogen (0-10 cm depth) (g·kg^-1)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)
P-hummock	7.6 ± 0.1	210.38 ± 47.29	0.29 ± 0.09	15.20 ± 3.50	127.16 ± 8.11
P-hollow	7.6 ± 0.1	210.38 ± 47.29	0.29 ± 0.09	15.20 ± 3.50	279.34 ± 35.54
Lawn	7.5 ± 0.3	143.21 ± 10.03	0.52 ± 0.08	18.05 ± 0.00	142.28 ± 95.61
S-hummock	7.5 ± 0.2	151.74 ± 74.15	0.40 ± 0.16	8.91 ± 3.85	189.74 ± 72.79
S-hollow	7.5 ± 0.2	151.74 ± 74.15	0.40 ± 0.16	8.91 ± 3.85	194.01 ± 50.07

样点 Plot	回归方程 Regression equation	变量 Variable	变量范围 Variable range	R²	p	n
CH₄排放通量平均值 Mean CH₄emission fluxes	y = 1.07x + 32.79	WTD	-39.7-29.5 cm	0.919	0.006	5
P-hummock	y = 5.07x - 10.38	T₅	5.6-17.9 ℃	0.747	0.000	12
	y = 4.60x - 5.00	T₁₀	4.0-14.6 ℃	0.694	0.012	12
	y = 4.21x - 2.08	T₁₅	3.2-14.5 ℃	0.698	0.012	12
	y = 4.12x - 1.49	T₂₀	3.0-15.0 ℃	0.737	0.006	12
	y = 3.63x + 5.93	T₃₀	1.7-15.1 ℃	0.670	0.017	12
S-hummock	y = 0.07x - 0.27	T₁₀	4.0-14.6 ℃	0.407	0.028	10
	y = 0.07x - 0.23	T₁₅	3.2-14.5 ℃	0.448	0.020	10
	y = 0.06x - 0.19	T₂₀	3.0-15.0 ℃	0.429	0.024	10
	y = 0.05x - 0.07	T₃₀	1.7-15.1 ℃	0.346	0.043	10

样点 Plot	回归方程 Regression equation	变量 Variable	变量范围 Variable range	R²	p	n
CH₄排放通量平均值 Mean CH₄emission fluxes	y = 1.07x + 32.79	WTD	-39.7-29.5 cm	0.919	0.006	5
P-hummock	y = 5.07x - 10.38	T₅	5.6-17.9 ℃	0.747	0.000	12
	y = 4.60x - 5.00	T₁₀	4.0-14.6 ℃	0.694	0.012	12
	y = 4.21x - 2.08	T₁₅	3.2-14.5 ℃	0.698	0.012	12
	y = 4.12x - 1.49	T₂₀	3.0-15.0 ℃	0.737	0.006	12
	y = 3.63x + 5.93	T₃₀	1.7-15.1 ℃	0.670	0.017	12
S-hummock	y = 0.07x - 0.27	T₁₀	4.0-14.6 ℃	0.407	0.028	10
	y = 0.07x - 0.23	T₁₅	3.2-14.5 ℃	0.448	0.020	10
	y = 0.06x - 0.19	T₂₀	3.0-15.0 ℃	0.429	0.024	10
	y = 0.05x - 0.07	T₃₀	1.7-15.1 ℃	0.346	0.043	10

位点 Location	主要植被 Main vegetation	水位深度 water table depth (cm)	CH₄排放通量平均值 Mean CH₄ emission fluxes (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	范围 Range (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	研究时间 Study period	参考文献 Reference
若尔盖高原若尔盖县 Zoigê County of Zoigê Plateau			23.10 ± 30.28	0.17-144.43	May to Oct. 2014	本研究 This study
P-hollow	小眼子菜和狸藻 Potamogeton pusillus and Utricularia vulgaris	29.5	68.48	5.78-144.43		本研究 This study
P-hummock	木里薹草 Carex muliensis	7.5	40.32	12.93-76.86		本研究 This study
Lawn	西藏嵩草和花葶驴蹄草 Kobresia tibetica and Caltha scaposa	-21.6	3.68	0.23-8.45		本研究 This study
S-hollow	木里薹草 Carex muliensis	-21.1	2.38	0.48-4.91		本研究 This study
S-hummock	西藏嵩草 Kobresia tibetica	-39.7	0.63	0.17-1.48		本研究 This study
若尔盖高原红原县 Hongyuan County of Zoigê Plateau	乌拉草 Carex meyeriana	ND	4.51	0.36-10.04	May to Sept. 2001	Wang et al., 2002
若尔盖高原红原县 Hongyuan County of Zoigê Plateau	木里薹草 Carex muliensis	ND	2.87	0.51-8.21	May to Sept. 2001	Wang et al., 2002
若尔盖高原红原县 Hongyuan County of Zoigê Plateau	乌拉草 Carex meyeriana	ND	3.24	0.86-8.93	May to Oct. 2002	Ding et al., 2004
若尔盖高原红原县 Hongyuan County of Zoigê Plateau	木里薹草 Carex muliensis	ND	1.24	0.16-5.75	May to Oct. 2002	Ding et al., 2004
若尔盖高原红原县 Hongyuan County of Zoigê Plateau	木里薹草和乌拉草 Carex muliensis and Carex meyeriana	ND	2.43	0.02-12.01	May to Oct. 2003	Wang, 2010
若尔盖高原若尔盖县 Zoigê County of Zoigê Plateau	西藏嵩草和木里薹草 Kobresia tibetica and Carex muliensis	-18.36-10.66	14.45	0.17-86.78	June to Sept. 2005	Chen et al., 2008
若尔盖高原若尔盖县 Zoigê County of Zoigê Plateau	木里薹草 Carex muliensis	-53.94- -4.74	9.83	0.06-39.5	June to Sept. 2009	Li et al., 2011
青藏高原 Qinghai-Xizang Plateau	藏北嵩草和签草 Kobresia littledalei and Carex doniana	ND	2.80 ± 0.80	ND	July to Aug. 1996	Wei et al., 2015
青藏高原 Qinghai-Xizang Plateau	毛柄水毛茛 Batrachium trichophyllum	ND	0.27	-0.81-2.64	April to Sept. 1997	Jin et al., 1999
青藏高原 Qinghai-Xizang Plateau	杉叶藻 Hippuris vulgaris	10-120	1.46	-0.24-7.85	April to Sept. 1997	Jin et al., 1999
青藏高原 Qinghai-Xizang Plateau	薹草属 Carex allivescers	12	8.19	1.91-10.58	July to Sept. 2002	Hirota et al., 2004
青藏高原 Qinghai-Xizang Plateau	帕米尔薹草 Carex pamirensis	0.2	5	2.88-6.91	May to Sept. 2012	Song et al., 2015
青藏高原 Qinghai-Xizang Plateau	帕米尔薹草 Carex pamirensis	0.6	6.11	4.61-13.25	May to Sept. 2013	Song et al., 2015
美国科罗拉多州弗兰特山脉 Colorado Front Range, USA	薹草 Carex scopulorum	ND	0.35	0.05-1.10	June to Sept. 1992	West et al., 1999
北美洲落基山脉 Rocky Mountains, North America	薹草 Carex aquatilis	ND	11.45	0.04-20.41	May to Oct.1996	Wickland et al., 1999