木论喀斯特峰丛洼地森林群落空间格局及环境解释

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.007

植物生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 298-308.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.007

木论喀斯特峰丛洼地森林群落空间格局及环境解释

宋同清¹^,²^,^*(), 彭晚霞¹^,²^,³, 曾馥平¹^,², 王克林¹^,², 覃文更⁴, 谭卫宁⁴, 刘璐¹^,², 杜虎¹^,², 鹿士杨¹^,²

¹中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125
²中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站, 广西环江 547100
³湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院, 长沙 410128
⁴广西壮族自治区木论国家级自然保护区管理局, 广西环江 547200

收稿日期:2009-08-10 接受日期:2009-12-15 出版日期:2010-08-10 发布日期:2010-03-01
通讯作者: 宋同清
作者简介:* E-mail: songtongq@163.com

Spatial pattern of forest communities and environmental interpretation in Mulun National Nature Reserve, karst cluster-peak depression region

SONG Tong-Qing¹^,²^,^*(), PENG Wan-Xia¹^,²^,³, ZENG Fu-Ping¹^,², WANG Ke-Lin¹^,², QIN Wen-Geng⁴, TAN Wei-Ning⁴, LIU Lu¹^,², DU Hu¹^,², LU Shi-Yang¹^,²

¹Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
²Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100, China
³College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
⁴Administrative Bureau of Mulun National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547200, China

Received:2009-08-10 Accepted:2009-12-15 Online:2010-08-10 Published:2010-03-01
Contact: SONG Tong-Qing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于广西壮族自治区木论国家级自然保护区典型峰丛洼地景观尺度内不同微生境条件和植物群落类型50个样地 (20 m × 20 m)的系统取样调查, 用二元物种指示方法(TWINSPAN)对样地内胸径(DBH) ≥ 1 cm的木本植物进行分类, 选择10个土壤环境因子和5个空间因子, 利用除趋势典范对应分析(DCCA)研究了森林群落分布的土壤环境与空间格局, 并给予定量化的合理解释。结果如下: 1) TWINSPAN将森林群落划分为11组, 在三级水平上分为4类生态群落类型。2) DCCA第一排序轴集中了排序的大部分信息, 突出反映了各森林群落所在的坡向和土壤主要养分梯度, 沿第一轴从左到右, 坡向由阴转阳, 岩石裸露率越来越高, 土壤主要养分逐渐降低, 森林群落分别出现了由原生性和耐阴性强逐步向阳性先锋树种为主的次生林和人工林变化的格局。3)因子分离分析结果表明, 土壤环境因子对森林群落分布格局的解释能力为39.16%, 其中21.02%单纯由土壤环境因子所引起, 空间因子的解释能力为31.34%, 其中13.16%独立于土壤环境的变化, 18.15%是土壤环境和空间因子相互耦合作用的结果, 不可解释部分达47.66%, 表明喀斯特峰丛洼地森林群落的物种共存受生态位分化理论和中性理论双重控制。

关键词: 除趋势典范对应分析, 森林群落, 木论喀斯特峰丛洼地, 空间格局, 二元物种指示方法

Abstract:

Aims Mulun National Nature Reserve is rich in typical natural evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest communities. However, little is known about the spatial pattern of vegetation and its relation with environment. Our objective was to investigate the spatial pattern of woody vegetation (DBH ≥ 1 cm) communities and its environmental interpretation.

Methods Fifty sample plots of 20 m × 20 m dimensions were established based on microhabitats and vegetation community types in Mulun National Nature Reserve, typical karst cluster-peak depression region. We analyzed data collected on woody plants (DBH ≥ 1 cm) in the plots, spatial pattern of woody vegetation communities and relationships with environmental factors (10 soil factors and 5 topographical factors) using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA).

Important findings The forest communities were divided into 11 vegetation groups and were classified into 4 eco-types at the third level by TWINSPAN. The first DCCA axis accounted for the largest fraction of the variation of the ordination and showed gradients of slope direction and major soil nutrients. Along the first axis, the pattern of communities ranged from primary forest with shade-tolerant plants towards secondary and manmade forests with shade-intolerant and pioneer plants, accompanying a shift from shady to sunny slopes, an increase in the ratio of bare rocks in the ground cover and a steady decline in major soil nutrients. The effects of soil environmental factors, spatial factors and their interaction on the total variation of forest communities’ pattern were quantitatively partitioned following Borcard et al. and showed that the contribution rates were 21.02% for soil environmental factors separately, 18.15% for soil environmental factors coupled with spatial factors, 13.16% for spatial factors separately and 47.66% for other undetermined factors. This indicated species coexistence was controlled by both niche differentiation and unified neutral theory of biodiversity.

Key words: DCCA ordination, forest community, karst cluster-peak depression in Mulun National Nature Reserve, spatial pattern, two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) classification

宋同清, 彭晚霞, 曾馥平, 王克林, 覃文更, 谭卫宁, 刘璐, 杜虎, 鹿士杨. 木论喀斯特峰丛洼地森林群落空间格局及环境解释. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(3): 298-308. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.007

SONG Tong-Qing, PENG Wan-Xia, ZENG Fu-Ping, WANG Ke-Lin, QIN Wen-Geng, TAN Wei-Ning, LIU Lu, DU Hu, LU Shi-Yang. Spatial pattern of forest communities and environmental interpretation in Mulun National Nature Reserve, karst cluster-peak depression region. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(3): 298-308. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.007

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.007

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I3/298

图/表 5

图1 木本植物50个样地的TWINSPAN分类树状图。 D表示分级水平; N表示样地的数量。

Fig. 1 Dendrogram of the TWINSPAN classification of 50 sample plots in tree layer. D indicates the level of division; N indicates the number of plots.

表1 森林群落、环境因子前2个除趋势典范对应分析排序轴与环境因子间的相关系数

Table 1 The correlation coefficients of the first and second detrended canonical correspondence analysis ordination axes for forest communities and environmental factors

图2 木论样地的DCCA排序图。 1-50代表样地编号。

Fig. 2 The plots scores of DCCA ordination. The number from 1 to 50 in the map represents the code of the plots.

图3 木论森林群落主要种类的DCCA排序图。 1-30代表木论森林群落中主要种类。1, 盐肤木; 2, 白毛长叶紫珠; 3, 石山樟; 4, 菜豆树; 5, 朴树; 6, 粗糠柴; 7, 圆叶乌桕; 8, 八角枫; 9, 石岩枫; 10, 枫香; 11, 苦木; 12, 红背山麻杆; 13, 小叶山柿; 14, 广西九里香; 15, 厚壳桂; 16, 山黄皮; 17, 青檀; 18, 铁榄; 19, 广西密花树; 20, 广西野桐; 21, 广西海桐; 22, 狭叶水麻; 23, 粉苹婆; 24, 东女贞; 25, 掌叶木; 26, 杜茎山; 27, 鱼藤; 28, 杉木; 29, 通脱木; 30, 小叶栾树。

Fig. 3 The main species scores of DCCA ordination. The number from 1 to 30 represents the main species in the Mulun forest. 1, Rhus chinensis; 2, Callicarpa longifolia var. floccosa; 3, Cmnamomum saxitilis; 4, Radermachera sinica; 5, Celtis sinensis; 6, Mallotus philippensis; 7, Sapium rotundifolium; 8, Alangium chinense; 9, Mallotus repandus; 10, Liquidambar formosana; 11, Picrasma quassioides; 12, Alchornea trewioides; 13, Diospyros oleifera; 14 Murraya kwangsiensis; 15, Cryptocarya chinensis; 16, Clausena excavata; 17, Pteroceltis tatarinowii; 18, Sinosideroxylon pedurwulatum; 19, Rapanea kwangsiensis; 20, Mallotus barbatus var. croizatianus; 21, Mallotus japonicus var. floccosus; 22, Debregeasia longifolia; 23, Sterculia euosma; 24, Ligustrum japonicum; 25, Handeliodendron bodinieri; 26, Maesa japonica; 27, Derris trifoliata; 28, Cunninghamia lanceolata; 29, Tetrapanax papyrifer; 30, Koelreuteria minor.

表2 约束排序以及物种多度矩阵变化的因子分解结果

Table 2 Results of detrended canonical correspondence analysis and partitioning of the variation of species matrix

群落格局的总体变异 Total variation of species abundance matrix	2.393
群落格局的土壤环境解释部分 Sum of canonical eigenvalues for environmently constrained analysis	0.937
群落格局的空间解释部分 Sum of canonical eigenvalues for spatially constrained analysis	0.750
群落格局的单纯土壤环境解释部分 Sum of canonical eigenvalues for environmentally constrained analysis after removal effects of spatial factors	0.503
群落格局的单纯空间解释部分 Sum of canonical eigenvalues for spatially constrained analysis after removal effects of environmental factors	0.315
土壤环境因子对群落格局的解释能力 Species abundance variation explained by environmental variables (%)	39.16
空间因子对群落格局的解释能力 Species abundance variation explained by spatial variables (%)	31.34
单纯土壤环境因子对群落格局的解释能力 Species abundance variation explained by pure soil environmental factors (%)	21.02
单纯空间因子对群落格局的解释能力 Species abundance variation explained by pure spatial factors (%)	13.16
土壤环境因子、空间因子对群落格局的交互解释能力 Species abundance variation explained by crossed spatial-environmental factors (%)	18.15
未能解释的部分 Unexplained species abundance variation (%)	47.66

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木论喀斯特峰丛洼地森林群落空间格局及环境解释

Spatial pattern of forest communities and environmental interpretation in Mulun National Nature Reserve, karst cluster-peak depression region

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