河南省宝天曼锐齿槲栎林树木死亡对空间格局及种间相关性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0297

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

树木的死亡是森林生态系统中重要的生态学过程。为了探索树木的死亡如何影响物种的空间格局及种间相关性, 并进一步探寻树木死亡的原因, 运用点格局分析的相关方法, 对宝天曼1 hm²固定样地内树木死亡前后17个物种的空间格局及种间相关性进行了分析。结果表明: (1)树木死亡前后物种的空间格局以聚集分布为主, 但死亡后在较大尺度上表现为聚集分布的物种数减少, 随机分布的物种数增多。(2)树木死亡前后物种与锐齿槲栎(Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata)的种间相关性均以正相关和不相关为主, 并且死亡后, 在小尺度上表现出正相关物种对数增多, 负相关物种对数减少。(3)物种个体的死亡符合随机死亡假说。死亡前后仅4个物种与锐齿槲栎的种间相关性完全改变, 多数物种的空间格局以及与锐齿槲栎的种间相关性仅在少数尺度上发生改变甚至没有改变, 而且不同物种的变化没有明显的规律。(4)锐齿槲栎死树和13个物种活树存在显著的种间相关性, 但死树活树的种间相关性与死亡前后种间相关性的变化并不完全一致。只有5个物种的活树与锐齿槲栎死树存在竞争, 而且个体死亡后物种与锐齿槲栎之间竞争加剧。个体的死亡是多种因素共同作用的结果, 虽然物种的死亡符合随机死亡假说, 但也存在少数竞争死亡的个体。

关键词: 死亡, 随机死亡假说, 空间格局, 种间相关性, 锐齿槲栎

Abstract:

Aims Tree mortality is an important ecological process in forest ecosystems. The aims of this study were to determine how tree mortality influences the spatial patterns and interspecific associations of plant species, and what are the causes of tree mortality in a 1 hm² permanent plot in Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Nanyang City, Henan Province.
Methods We conducted field investigations in the plot and used spatial point pattern analysis to examine the spatial patterns and interspecific associations of 17 species prior to and following mortality.
Important findings (1) Most of the species in the study plot showed an aggregated distribution both pre- and post-mortality. However, the number of species showing aggregated distribution decreased and the number of species showing random distribution increased following the mortality event. (2) Most species were positively associated with Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata both pre- and post-mortality, while some had no apparent association. Following tree mortality, on fine scales, the number of species with positive associations increased, and the number of species with negative associations decreased. (3) Tree mortality was in consistency with the random death hypothesis. The interspecific associations of four species with Q. aliena var. acuteserrata completely changed following death. For most species, the spatial patterns and the interspecific association with Q. aliena var. acuteserrata either changed at minor scales or did not change. The variations in spatial patterns or interspecific associations were inconsistent among species. (4) The dead trees of Q. aliena var. acuteserrata were significantly associated with the living trees in 13 species, but the associations between dead and living trees were not in agreement with the changes in interspecific association following mortality. Only five living tree species competed with the dead trees of Q. aliena var. acuteserrata, and the competition between each of these species and Q. aliena var. acuteserrata intensified after individual death. Tree mortality is the result of a variety of factors. Although the tree mortality in the study plot was in accordance with the random death hypothesis, there were also a few individuals which were dead from competition.

Key words: mortality, random death hypothesis, spatial patterns, interspecific associations, Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata

韦博良, 袁志良, 牛帅, 刘霞, 贾宏汝, 叶永忠. 河南省宝天曼锐齿槲栎林树木死亡对空间格局及种间相关性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(4): 430-438. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0297

Bo-Liang WEI, Zhi-Liang YUAN, Shuai NIU, Xia LIU, Hong-Ru JIA, Yong-Zhong YE. Effects of tree mortality on the spatial patterns and interspecific associations of plant species in a Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest in Baotianman, Henan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(4): 430-438. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0297

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0297

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I4/430

图/表 5

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物种 Species	个体数 Number of individuals
物种 Species	活树 Living tree	死树 Dead tree
锐齿槲栎 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata	572	114
连翘 Forsythia suspensa	258	46
白檀 Symplocos paniculata	218	6
四照花 Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis	195	5
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	167	10
华东椴 Tilia japonica	130	4
灯台树 Bothrocaryum controversum	122	0
山梅花 Philadelphus incanus	119	8
鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii	118	1
水榆花楸 Sorbus alnifolia	105	1
海州常山 Clerodendrum trichotomum	83	4
崖樱桃 Cerasus scopulorum	69	2
秦岭木姜子 Litsea tsinlingensis	63	6
桦叶荚蒾 Viburnum betulifolium	54	2
卫矛 Euonymus alatus	48	8
华榛 Corylus chinensis	47	2
大椴 Tilia nobilis	40	3
青榨槭 Acer davidii	40	0
金银忍冬 Lonicera maackii	34	7
石枣子 Euonymus sanguineus	30	0

物种 Species	个体数 Number of individuals
物种 Species	活树 Living tree	死树 Dead tree
锐齿槲栎 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata	572	114
连翘 Forsythia suspensa	258	46
白檀 Symplocos paniculata	218	6
四照花 Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis	195	5
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	167	10
华东椴 Tilia japonica	130	4
灯台树 Bothrocaryum controversum	122	0
山梅花 Philadelphus incanus	119	8
鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii	118	1
水榆花楸 Sorbus alnifolia	105	1
海州常山 Clerodendrum trichotomum	83	4
崖樱桃 Cerasus scopulorum	69	2
秦岭木姜子 Litsea tsinlingensis	63	6
桦叶荚蒾 Viburnum betulifolium	54	2
卫矛 Euonymus alatus	48	8
华榛 Corylus chinensis	47	2
大椴 Tilia nobilis	40	3
青榨槭 Acer davidii	40	0
金银忍冬 Lonicera maackii	34	7
石枣子 Euonymus sanguineus	30	0

物种 Species	死亡前种间相关性 Interspecific associations pre-mortality	死亡后种间相关性 Interspecific associations post-mortality	种间相关性变化 Variation in interspecific associations	死树和活树的关系 Associations between dead trees and living trees
海州常山 Clerodendrum trichotomum	/	-	↓	-
连翘 Forsythia suspensa	-	-	↓	-
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	-	-	↓	-
四照花Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis	-	-	↓	-
卫矛 Euonymus alatus	-+	-	↓	-
金银忍冬 Lonicera maackii	/	-	↓	/
白檀 Symplocos paniculata	-	-	/	+
桦叶荚蒾 Viburnum betulifolium	-	-	/	+
华东椴 Tilia japonica	+	+	/	-
华榛 Corylus chinensis	/	/	/	/
大椴 Tilia nobilis	-	-	↑	-+
山梅花 Philadelphus incanus	/	+	↑	-+
秦岭木姜子 Litsea tsinlingensis	+	+	↑	-
水榆花楸 Sorbus alnifolia	+	+	↑	-
崖樱桃 Cerasus scopulorum	+	+	↑	/
鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii	-+	-+	↓↑	+

物种 Species	死亡前种间相关性 Interspecific associations pre-mortality	死亡后种间相关性 Interspecific associations post-mortality	种间相关性变化 Variation in interspecific associations	死树和活树的关系 Associations between dead trees and living trees
海州常山 Clerodendrum trichotomum	/	-	↓	-
连翘 Forsythia suspensa	-	-	↓	-
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	-	-	↓	-
四照花Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis	-	-	↓	-
卫矛 Euonymus alatus	-+	-	↓	-
金银忍冬 Lonicera maackii	/	-	↓	/
白檀 Symplocos paniculata	-	-	/	+
桦叶荚蒾 Viburnum betulifolium	-	-	/	+
华东椴 Tilia japonica	+	+	/	-
华榛 Corylus chinensis	/	/	/	/
大椴 Tilia nobilis	-	-	↑	-+
山梅花 Philadelphus incanus	/	+	↑	-+
秦岭木姜子 Litsea tsinlingensis	+	+	↑	-
水榆花楸 Sorbus alnifolia	+	+	↑	-
崖樱桃 Cerasus scopulorum	+	+	↑	/
鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii	-+	-+	↓↑	+