若尔盖高原退化沼泽群落植物多样性及种间相关性沿排水梯度的变化

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00411

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物多样性与种间相关性是植物群落生态学和生物多样性研究的核心问题, 然而有关二者之间关系的综合研究尚不多见。该文以若尔盖高原排水干扰下不同退化阶段的沼泽湿地植被为研究对象, 应用Spearman秩相关、回归分析等方法, 分析了沼泽植物群落物种多样性和种间相关性的变化及二者相互关系。结果表明: 沿排水梯度, 从相对原生沼泽至极度退化沼泽, 不同植物种群均有其特定的生态分布范围; 群落总种数、样方物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和Whittaker指数均单调增加; 植物种间相关强度增加; 正相关种对比例呈逐渐增加的趋势, 以极重度和极度退化阶段的较高, 相对原生沼泽和轻度退化阶段的较低, 负相关种对比例的变化趋势与之相反; Shannon-Wiener指数与正负相关种对比例均具有显著线性关系(p < 0.05), Whittaker指数均无显著关系(p > 0.05)。人为排水作用通过提高群落生境异质性, 促进正相关种对的共存, 增加沼泽群落植物多样性。

Abstract:

Aims Plant species diversity and interspecific correlation are central topics in phytocoenology and biodiversity science. Our objective is to study the dynamics and interrelationships of plant species diversity and interspecific correlation in a Zoigê Plateau swamp community at different stages of degradation caused by anthropogenic drainage.
Methods Spearman’s rank correlation and regression analysis were employed to analyze plant species diversity and interspecific correlation as well as their relationship.
Important findings Along drainage gradients from relatively pristine swamp to extremely degraded swamp, different plant species had restricted ecological distributions. The total number of species, species richness per quadrat, Shannon-Wiener index and Whittaker index all increased monotonically, and the intensity of interspecific correlation increased in general. The proportion of species pairs with positive correlation increased gradually with increasing level of degradation. The proportion of species pairs with negative correlation showed an opposite trend. Shannon-Wiener index showed significant linear correlation with the proportion of species pairs with positive or negative correlation (p < 0.05), but Whittaker index showed no significant correlation (p > 0.05). The positive interspecific correlation and plant species diversity of the swamp community were promoted by habitat heterogeneity caused by anthropogenic drainage.

Key words: interspecific correlation, Spearman’s rank correlation, species diversity, swamp vegetation degradation, Zoigê Plateau

韩大勇, 杨永兴, 杨杨. 若尔盖高原退化沼泽群落植物多样性及种间相关性沿排水梯度的变化. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(5): 411-419. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00411

HAN Da-Yong, YANG Yong-Xing, YANG Yang. Changes of plant species diversity and interspecific correlation in a degraded swamp community along drainage gradients on the Zoigê Plateau of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(5): 411-419. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00411

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00411

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I5/411

图/表 6

参考文献 30

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退化阶段 Degradation stage	群落类型 Community type	地表积水状况 Surface water regime	土壤类型 Soil type	地貌 Geomorphy	距排水沟距离 Distance to drainage ditch (m)
相对原生沼泽 Relative pristine swamp	乌拉薹草 Carex meyeriana	常年积水, 18-25 cm Permanent water regime, 18-25 cm	泥炭土 Peat soil	谷地中心 Valley center	200-240
轻度退化 Light degradation	乌拉薹草-矮地榆 Carex meyeriana- Sanguisorba filiformis	常年积水, 5-20 cm Permanent water regime, 5-20 cm	泥炭土 Peat soil	谷地中心 Valley center	150-210
中度退化 Moderate degradation	木里薹草 Carex muliensis	季节性积水, 0-15 cm Seasonal water regime, 0-15 cm	泥炭土 Peat soil	谷地边缘 Valley margin	120-180
重度退化 Heavy degradation	华扁穗草-矮地榆 Blysmus sinocompressus -Sanguisorba filiformis	偶有积水, 0-5 cm Occasional water regime, 0-5 cm	泥炭沼泽土 Peat swamp soil	谷地边缘 Valley margin	80-150
极重度退化 Severe degradation	华扁穗草-发草 Blysmus sinocompressus- Deschampsia caespitosa	无积水, 地表过湿 No water, over-humid surface	沼泽化草甸土 Swamp meadow soil	坡麓 Footslope	50-100
极度退化 Extreme degradation	西藏嵩草-蕨麻 Kobresia tibetica- Potentilla anserina	无积水, 地表湿润 No water, humid surface	沼泽化草甸土 Swamp meadow soil	坡面 Slope	10-30

退化阶段 Degradation stage	群落类型 Community type	地表积水状况 Surface water regime	土壤类型 Soil type	地貌 Geomorphy	距排水沟距离 Distance to drainage ditch (m)
相对原生沼泽 Relative pristine swamp	乌拉薹草 Carex meyeriana	常年积水, 18-25 cm Permanent water regime, 18-25 cm	泥炭土 Peat soil	谷地中心 Valley center	200-240
轻度退化 Light degradation	乌拉薹草-矮地榆 Carex meyeriana- Sanguisorba filiformis	常年积水, 5-20 cm Permanent water regime, 5-20 cm	泥炭土 Peat soil	谷地中心 Valley center	150-210
中度退化 Moderate degradation	木里薹草 Carex muliensis	季节性积水, 0-15 cm Seasonal water regime, 0-15 cm	泥炭土 Peat soil	谷地边缘 Valley margin	120-180
重度退化 Heavy degradation	华扁穗草-矮地榆 Blysmus sinocompressus -Sanguisorba filiformis	偶有积水, 0-5 cm Occasional water regime, 0-5 cm	泥炭沼泽土 Peat swamp soil	谷地边缘 Valley margin	80-150
极重度退化 Severe degradation	华扁穗草-发草 Blysmus sinocompressus- Deschampsia caespitosa	无积水, 地表过湿 No water, over-humid surface	沼泽化草甸土 Swamp meadow soil	坡麓 Footslope	50-100
极度退化 Extreme degradation	西藏嵩草-蕨麻 Kobresia tibetica- Potentilla anserina	无积水, 地表湿润 No water, humid surface	沼泽化草甸土 Swamp meadow soil	坡面 Slope	10-30

退化阶段 Degradation stage	显著正相关 Significant positive correlation		显著负相关 Significant negative correlation
退化阶段 Degradation stage	种对 Species pairs	r (i,k)	种对 Species pairs	r (i, k)
相对原生沼泽 Relative pristine swamp	矮泽芹-斑唇马先蒿 Chamaesium paradoxum- Pedicularis longiflora var. tubiformis	0.650**	矮地榆-海韭菜 Sanguisorba filiformis- Triglochin maritimum	-0.489*
			海韭菜-花葶驴蹄草 Triglochin maritimum-Caltha scaposa	-0.542*
			黄花狸藻-乌拉薹草 Utricularia aurea-Carex meyeriana	-0.487*
轻度退化 Light degradation	华丽龙胆-乌拉薹草 Gentiana sino-ornata-Carex meyeriana	0.626**	灯心草-花葶驴蹄草 Juncus effusus-Caltha scaposa	-0.604*
	花葶驴蹄草-水木贼 Caltha scaposa-Hippochaete heleocharis	0.618*	黄花狸藻-华丽龙胆 Utricularia aurea-Gentiana sino-ornata	-0.586*
			木里薹草-乌拉薹草 Carex muliensis-Carex meyeriana	-0.570*
中度退化 Moderate degradation	黄花狸藻-长茎毛茛 Utricularia aurea-Ranunculus longicaulis	0.603*	华扁穗草-水木贼 Blysmus sinocompressus- Hippochaete heleocharis	-0.697**
	褐毛垂头菊-花葶驴蹄草 Cremanthodium brunneo-pilosum-Caltha scaposa	0.569*	褐毛垂头菊-水木贼 Cremanthodium brunneo- pilosum-Hippochaete heleocharis	-0.615*
	矮泽芹-黄花狸藻 Chamaesium paradoxum-Utricularia aurea	0.553*	矮地榆-黄花狸藻 Sanguisorba filiformis-Utricularia aurea	-0.604*
重度退化 Heavy degradation	矮地榆-湿生扁蕾 Sanguisorba filiformis-Gentianopsis paludosa	0.501*	毒芹-花葶驴蹄草 Cicuta virosa-Caltha scaposa	-0.637**
	矮地榆-褐毛垂头菊 Sanguisorba filiformis- Cremanthodium brunneo-pilosum	0.448*	褐毛垂头菊-花葶驴蹄草 Cremanthodium brunneo-pilosum-Caltha scaposa	-0.635**
	发草-华扁穗草 Deschampsia caespitosa- Blysmus sinocompressus	0.457*	毒芹-华扁穗草 Cicuta virosa-Blysmus sinocompressus	-0.563*
极重度退化 Severe degradation	毒芹-发草 Cicuta virosa-Deschampsia caespitosa	0.749**	褐果薹草-湿生扁蕾 Carex brunnea-Gentianopsis paludosa	-0.719**
	西藏嵩草-灯心草 Kobresia tibetica-Juncus effusus	0.653**	发草-高原毛茛 Deschampsia caespitosa- Ranunculus tanguticus	-0.697**
	高原毛茛-褐果薹草 Ranunculus tanguticus-Carex brunnea	0.600*	蕨麻-高原毛茛 Potentilla anserina- Ranunculus tanguticus	-0.679**
极度退化 Extreme degradation	矮地榆-花葶驴蹄草 Sanguisorba filiformis-Caltha scaposa	0.727**	火绒草-湿生扁蕾 Leontopodium leontopodioides-Gentianopsis paludosa	-0.746**
	蕨麻-火绒草 Potentilla anserina- Leontopodium leontopodioides	0.703**	西藏嵩草-蕨麻 Kobresia tibetica-Potentilla anserina	-0.689**
	华扁穗草-火绒草 Blysmus sinocompressus- Leontopodium leontopodioides	0.591*	西藏嵩草-华扁穗草 Kobresia tibetica-Blysmus sinocompressus	-0.654**

退化阶段 Degradation stage	显著正相关 Significant positive correlation		显著负相关 Significant negative correlation
退化阶段 Degradation stage	种对 Species pairs	r (i,k)	种对 Species pairs	r (i, k)
相对原生沼泽 Relative pristine swamp	矮泽芹-斑唇马先蒿 Chamaesium paradoxum- Pedicularis longiflora var. tubiformis	0.650**	矮地榆-海韭菜 Sanguisorba filiformis- Triglochin maritimum	-0.489*
			海韭菜-花葶驴蹄草 Triglochin maritimum-Caltha scaposa	-0.542*
			黄花狸藻-乌拉薹草 Utricularia aurea-Carex meyeriana	-0.487*
轻度退化 Light degradation	华丽龙胆-乌拉薹草 Gentiana sino-ornata-Carex meyeriana	0.626**	灯心草-花葶驴蹄草 Juncus effusus-Caltha scaposa	-0.604*
	花葶驴蹄草-水木贼 Caltha scaposa-Hippochaete heleocharis	0.618*	黄花狸藻-华丽龙胆 Utricularia aurea-Gentiana sino-ornata	-0.586*
			木里薹草-乌拉薹草 Carex muliensis-Carex meyeriana	-0.570*
中度退化 Moderate degradation	黄花狸藻-长茎毛茛 Utricularia aurea-Ranunculus longicaulis	0.603*	华扁穗草-水木贼 Blysmus sinocompressus- Hippochaete heleocharis	-0.697**
	褐毛垂头菊-花葶驴蹄草 Cremanthodium brunneo-pilosum-Caltha scaposa	0.569*	褐毛垂头菊-水木贼 Cremanthodium brunneo- pilosum-Hippochaete heleocharis	-0.615*
	矮泽芹-黄花狸藻 Chamaesium paradoxum-Utricularia aurea	0.553*	矮地榆-黄花狸藻 Sanguisorba filiformis-Utricularia aurea	-0.604*
重度退化 Heavy degradation	矮地榆-湿生扁蕾 Sanguisorba filiformis-Gentianopsis paludosa	0.501*	毒芹-花葶驴蹄草 Cicuta virosa-Caltha scaposa	-0.637**
	矮地榆-褐毛垂头菊 Sanguisorba filiformis- Cremanthodium brunneo-pilosum	0.448*	褐毛垂头菊-花葶驴蹄草 Cremanthodium brunneo-pilosum-Caltha scaposa	-0.635**
	发草-华扁穗草 Deschampsia caespitosa- Blysmus sinocompressus	0.457*	毒芹-华扁穗草 Cicuta virosa-Blysmus sinocompressus	-0.563*
极重度退化 Severe degradation	毒芹-发草 Cicuta virosa-Deschampsia caespitosa	0.749**	褐果薹草-湿生扁蕾 Carex brunnea-Gentianopsis paludosa	-0.719**
	西藏嵩草-灯心草 Kobresia tibetica-Juncus effusus	0.653**	发草-高原毛茛 Deschampsia caespitosa- Ranunculus tanguticus	-0.697**
	高原毛茛-褐果薹草 Ranunculus tanguticus-Carex brunnea	0.600*	蕨麻-高原毛茛 Potentilla anserina- Ranunculus tanguticus	-0.679**
极度退化 Extreme degradation	矮地榆-花葶驴蹄草 Sanguisorba filiformis-Caltha scaposa	0.727**	火绒草-湿生扁蕾 Leontopodium leontopodioides-Gentianopsis paludosa	-0.746**
	蕨麻-火绒草 Potentilla anserina- Leontopodium leontopodioides	0.703**	西藏嵩草-蕨麻 Kobresia tibetica-Potentilla anserina	-0.689**
	华扁穗草-火绒草 Blysmus sinocompressus- Leontopodium leontopodioides	0.591*	西藏嵩草-华扁穗草 Kobresia tibetica-Blysmus sinocompressus	-0.654**