海南羊山湿地的传粉网络及其季节动态

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0281

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 775-784.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0281

海南羊山湿地的传粉网络及其季节动态

曾凯娜¹^,², 孙浩然¹^,², 申益春¹, 任明迅¹^,²^,^*()

¹热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室(海南大学), 海口 570228
²海南省热带生态环境修复工程研究中心, 海口 570228

收稿日期:2021-08-02 接受日期:2022-01-14 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-06-09
通讯作者: 任明迅
作者简介:* 任明迅:ORCID:0000-0002-4707-2656 (renmx@hainanu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41871041)

Pollination network and seasonal dynamics of Yangshan Wetland in Hainan Island, China

ZENG Kai-Na¹^,², SUN Hao-Ran¹^,², SHEN Yi-Chun¹, REN Ming-Xun¹^,²^,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
²Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China

Received:2021-08-02 Accepted:2022-01-14 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-06-09
Contact: REN Ming-Xun
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871041)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传粉网络是植物和传粉者之间形成的网状相互作用关系, 为理解群落物种多样性形成与维持机制提供了全新的视角。湿地是典型的群落交错区, 环境异质性与物种多样性都很高, 传粉网络可能比草地和森林等生态系统具有更复杂的结构。该研究针对海南岛海口市南郊的羊山湿地, 比较4个样地在旱季(5月)与雨季(8月)的传粉网络及其动态变化, 揭示湿地生态系统的传粉网络结构特征以及在干湿季的变化规律。结果表明, 羊山湿地传粉网络共有71种开花的植物, 131种传粉者, 传粉网络呈现低连接度、高嵌套度、中等网络特化程度的结构特征。在季节动态方面, 4个样地旱季的植物与传粉者种类高于雨季; 而传粉网络的连接度、嵌套度与网络特化程度没有明显的季节差异。白花鬼针草和水角等多个物种可同时在雨季和旱季开花, 使得植物-传粉者的种间关系虽然存在季节变化, 但传粉网络在旱季与雨季间的动态变化不大。总体而言, 羊山湿地物种多样性较高, 边缘效应较明显, 传粉网络结构较稳定。

关键词: 湿地, 传粉适应, 物种多样性, 保育, 边缘效应

Abstract:

Aims Wetland is a typical ecotone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with very high levels of habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity. The complex community structure and species interactions may have unusual pollination networks as compared to other ecosystems such as meadows and forests, which will affect species coexistence and community assembly. Our objective was to determine the pollination network and its seasonal dynamics in a tropical wetland.

Methods In this research, we studied pollination networks in four plots of Yangshan Wetland on Hainan Island, in dry seasons (May) and rainy seasons (August) respectively. Two 10-m-long walked line transects were set in each plot to sample pollination events. Both pollinators and their visitation times on each flower (plant) were recorded to determine the pollination networks.

Important findings The results showed that the species of plants and pollinators in the dry season were richer than that in the rainy season. The pollination network structure was not different between two seasons, and the visitation relationship between plant and pollinator species was relatively stable in the two seasons. There was no seasonal difference in connectance, nestedness and network specialization (H′₂) on pollination network. The nestedness and H′₂ of Plot 4 with higher species diversity fluctuated less in seasonal dynamic, and species relationships was stable in the community of 4 plots.

Key words: wetland, pollination adaptation, species diversity, conservation, edge effect

曾凯娜, 孙浩然, 申益春, 任明迅. 海南羊山湿地的传粉网络及其季节动态. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(7): 775-784. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0281

ZENG Kai-Na, SUN Hao-Ran, SHEN Yi-Chun, REN Ming-Xun. Pollination network and seasonal dynamics of Yangshan Wetland in Hainan Island, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(7): 775-784. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0281

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0281

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I7/775

图/表 5

图1 海南羊山湿地的地理位置及景观。A, 羊山湿地在海南岛的位置。B, 研究样地示意图。C, 样地4的旱季景观。D, 羊山湿地常见挺水植物水角(中间植株有木蜂访花)。

Fig. 1 Study sites and landscapes of Yangshan Wetland in Hainan Island. A, Location of Yangshan wetland in Hainan Island. B, Four experimental plots. C, Landscape of Plot 4 in dry season. D, The most common emergent macrophytes plants Hydrocera triflora (a carpenter bee is visiting a flower on the middle plant).

表1 海南羊山湿地不同季节的传粉网络参数

Table 1 Parameters of pollination network in different seasons of Yangshan Wetland in Hainan Island

传粉网络 Pollination network	开花植物 Plants in blooming (P)	传粉者Pollinator (A)	网络尺寸 Network size (P × A)	连接数量 Number of interaction (I)	连接度 Connectance (I/(P × A))	嵌套度 Weighted nestedness	网络特化程度 H′₂
旱季样地1 D1	10	19	190	37	0.19	5.73	-0.33
旱季样地2 D2	14	21	294	49	0.17	4.78	-0.28
旱季样地3 D3	19	29	551	73	0.13	5.70	-0.22
旱季样地4 D4	22	45	990	84	0.08	11.71	-0.37
旱季合计 Dry season total	49	82	4 018	244	0.06	0.65	0.45
雨季样地1 R1	12	10	120	30	0.25	3.62	-0.12
雨季样地2 R2	8	15	120	35	0.29	5.89	-0.15
雨季样地3 R3	10	29	290	49	0.17	6.99	-0.32
雨季样地4 R4	26	39	1 014	103	0.10	8.96	-0.33
雨季合计 Rainy season total	44	66	2 904	235	0.08	0.62	0.52

图2 海南羊山湿地4个旱季样地(D1-D4)传粉网络。在每个传粉网络中, 顶部代表传粉者, 底部代表植物。矩形大小代表相对多度, 上下矩形间的连接宽度代表关联强度。P1-P35等代号表示不同的植物(附录VI), 昆虫下面的代号代表该功能群中的不同物种。

Fig. 2 Pollination network in dry season of four plots (D1-D4) of Yangshan Wetland in Hainan Island. In each pollination network, the top and bottom represent pollinators and plants, respectively. The size indicates relative abundancy and the width of the link represents the correlation strength. P1-P35 are plants (Supplement VI) and codes under each pollinator functional group represent different species.

图3 海南羊山湿地4个雨季样地(R1-R4)传粉网络。在每个传粉网络中, 顶部代表传粉者、底部代表植物。矩形大小代表相对多度, 上下矩形间的连接宽度代表关联强度。P36-P57等代号表示不同的植物(附录VI), 昆虫下面的代号代表该功能群中的不同物种。

Fig. 3 Pollination network in rainy season of four plots (R1-R4) of Yangshan Wetland in Hainan Island. In each pollination network, the top and bottom represent pollinators and plants, respectively. The size indicates relative abundancy and the width of the link represents the correlation strength. P1-P35 are plants (Supplement VI) and codes under each pollinator functional group represent the different species.

表2 海南羊山湿地常见植物的物种水平参数

Table 2 Species level parameters of common plants of the Yangshan Wetland in Hainan Island

植物 Plant	传粉网络 Pollination network	传粉者种类 Pollinator species	物种强度 Species strength	专一性 Standardized Kullback- Leibler distance (d′)
白花鬼针草 Bidens pilosa var. radiata	旱季 DZ	40	12.484 0	0.551 0
白花鬼针草 Bidens pilosa var. radiata	雨季 RZ	18	3.852 7	0.671 4
水角 Hydrocera triflora	旱季 DZ	20	26.212 4	0.462 4
水角 Hydrocera triflora	雨季 RZ	12	6.977 5	0.455 6
假马鞭 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis	旱季 DZ	7	2.266 9	0.477 4
假马鞭 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis	雨季 RZ	15	7.707 9	0.696 1
马缨丹 Lantana camara	旱季 DZ	12	5.657 1	0.773 4
马缨丹 Lantana camara	雨季 RZ	10	5.248 1	0.646 1
小冠薰 Basilicum polystachyon	旱季 DZ	17	7.241 9	0.317 5
小冠薰 Basilicum polystachyon	雨季 RZ	12	2.439 9	0.508 6

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海南羊山湿地的传粉网络及其季节动态

Pollination network and seasonal dynamics of Yangshan Wetland in Hainan Island, China

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