滨海湿地入侵植物互花米草叶片功能性状对潮位的短期响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0194

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叶片的性状与植物的光能利用效率和光合作用密切相关, 能够表征植物对环境的适应策略。互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)是中国滨海湿地主要的外来入侵植物, 已对中国滨海湿地生态系统造成严重威胁。潮位是滨海湿地盐沼植物生长和分布的主要限制因素, 但对于互花米草叶片性状沿潮位的变化格局和适应机理的研究还比较缺乏。该研究在福建漳江口建立潮位控制平台, 研究互花米草叶片功能性状(长度、宽度、长宽比、面积、干质量和比叶面积)对潮位(高程)的响应格局及其驱动因素。研究发现: (1)互花米草的叶片长度、宽度、面积和干质量随着高程的增加逐渐减小, 而叶片的长宽比随着高程的增加逐渐增大。(2)互花米草叶片的比叶面积随高程增加呈驼峰形变化。(3)淹水频率、土壤间隙水盐度及含水量对不同叶片性状的影响不同: 叶片长度、宽度、面积及干质量随着淹水频率和土壤含水量的增加而增大, 但随土壤间隙水盐度的升高而减小; 叶片长宽比随着淹水频率和土壤含水量的增加而减小, 但随土壤间隙水盐度的升高而增大; 比叶面积随淹水频率增加呈现先增大后减小的二次方程关系, 并随土壤含水量升高而增大。综上所述, 互花米草叶片性状沿潮位梯度的变化格局及其主要的影响因素不同, 可能是因为不同叶片性状对植物生理过程的影响有差异, 表明互花米草可以通过改变叶片性状及性状间的权衡关系来适应潮位变化带来的不同环境胁迫, 这为认识和预测滨海湿地入侵植物互花米草对海平面上升的生态适应提供了新的角度。

关键词: 滨海湿地, 生物入侵, 叶片功能性状, 高程

Abstract:

Aims Leaf traits are closely related to plant light use efficiency and photosynthesis. They can indicate plant adaptation strategies to the environment. Spartina alterniflora is a major alien invasive plant in many coastal wetlands, and it seriously threatens coastal wetland ecosystems in China. Tidal flooding is one of the main limiting factors for the growth and distribution of S. alterniflora in coastal wetlands. However, there has been very little research directly examining the pattern and adaptation mechanism of leaf traits of S. alterniflora along a tidal gradient.

Methods In this study, a tidal elevation control platform was established in Zhangjiang Estuary, Fujian. We studied the response pattern and driving factors of leaf functional traits (length, width, length width ratio, area, dry mass, and specific leaf area) of S. alterniflora to the tidal gradient (relative elevation).

Important findings The results showed that: (1) The leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and leaf dry mass of S. alterniflora decreased with increasing elevation, whereas the leaf length width ratio increased with increasing elevation. (2) The specific leaf area of S. alterniflora and elevation showed a hump-shaped relationship. (3) The effects of inundation frequency, soil porewater salinity, and soil water content on leaf traits were different. The leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and leaf dry mass of S. alterniflora increased with increasing inundation frequency and soil water content, but decreased with increasing soil porewater salinity; the leaf length width ratio of S. alterniflora decreased with increasing inundation frequency and soil water content, but increased with increasing soil porewater salinity; the specific leaf area of S. alterniflora increased first and then decreased with increasing inundation frequency, and increased with increasing soil water content. In summary, the patterns and main driving factors of leaf traits of S. alterniflora differed along a tidal gradient, and this finding may be due to differences in the effects of leaf traits on plant physiological processes. Thus, S. alterniflora can adapt to changes in tidal elevation by adjusting leaf traits and their trade-offs. This study provides a new perspective for understanding and predicting the ecological adaptation of S. alterniflora to sea level rise in coastal wetlands.

Key words: coastal wetland, biological invasion, leaf functional trait, elevation

王文伟, 韩伟鹏, 刘文文. 滨海湿地入侵植物互花米草叶片功能性状对潮位的短期响应. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(2): 216-226. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0194

WANG Wen-Wei, HAN Wei-Peng, LIU Wen-Wen. Short-term response of leaf functional traits of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora to a tidal gradient in coastal wetlands. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(2): 216-226. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0194

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0194

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I2/216

图/表 8

图1 福建漳江口潮位控制平台示意图。0-150 cm为互花米草自然分布的垂直高程范围。

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the tidal elevation control platform in Zhangjiang Estuary, Fujian. The vertical elevation range of the natural distribution of Spartina alterniflora at our study site is 0 to 150 cm.

图2 福建漳江口潮位控制平台淹水频率、土壤间隙水盐度、土壤含水量在高程梯度上的变化(平均值±标准误)。

Fig. 2 Changes in inundation frequency, soil porewater salinity and soil water content along the elevation gradient of the tidal elevation control platform in Zhangjiang Estuary, Fujian (mean ± SE).

图3 互花米草叶片功能性状与高程之间的回归关系(n = 155)。

Fig. 3 Regression relationships between leaf functional traits of Spartina alterniflora and elevation (n = 155).

图4 互花米草叶片功能性状与淹水频率之间的回归关系(n = 155)。

Fig. 4 Regression relationships between leaf functional traits of Spartina alterniflora and inundation frequency (n = 155).

图5 互花米草叶片功能性状与土壤间隙水盐度之间的回归关系(n = 155)。土壤间隙水盐度被分成17.26-19.08 g·kg-1和22.81-155.44 g·kg-1两段范围进行回归分析。**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, p > 0.05。

Fig. 5 Regression relationships between leaf functional traits of Spartina alterniflora and soil porewater salinity (n = 155). Soil porewater salinity was divided into two ranges (17.26-19.08 g·kg-1 and 22.81-155.44 g·kg-1) for regression analysis. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, p > 0.05.

图6 互花米草叶片功能性状与土壤含水量之间的回归关系(n = 155)。

Fig. 6 Regression relationships between leaf functional traits of Spartina alterniflora and soil water content (n = 155).

图7 环境因子对互花米草叶片功能性状影响的相对重要性。IF, 淹水频率; SPS, 土壤间隙水盐度; SWC, 土壤含水量。

Fig. 7 Relative importance of environmental factors in explaining variation in the leaf functional traits of Spartina alterniflora. IF, inundation frequency; SPS, soil porewater salinity; SWC, soil water content.

表1 互花米草叶片功能性状的相关系数

Table 1 Correlation coefficients among leaf functional traits of Spartina alterniflora

指标 Index	宽度 Width (cm)	长宽比 Length width ratio	面积 Area (cm²)	干质量 Dry mass (g)	比叶面积 SLA (cm²·g^-1)
长度 Length (cm)	0.82^***	0.30^***	0.95^***	0.93^***	-0.33^***
宽度 Width (cm)		-0.25^*	0.93^***	0.86^***	-0.13^*
长宽比 Length width ratio			0.05	0.13	-0.42^***
面积 Area (cm²)				0.96^***	-0.25^**
干质量 Dry mass (g)					-0.39^***

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