毛竹林地表覆盖年限对土壤有机碳的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0340

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)林不同年限地表覆盖对土壤总有机碳及土壤活性有机碳含量的影响, 以浙江省台州市黄岩区山地毛竹林为研究对象, 对覆盖1年、覆盖2年和自然生长(对照)的毛竹林地0-50 cm内各土层土壤活性有机碳含量进行了比较研究。结果表明: 1)地表覆盖1年和2年的毛竹林样地土壤总有机碳、轻组有机质和易氧化碳含量均高于对照样地, 相比于对照样地, 覆盖1年的毛竹林样地土壤总有机碳、土壤轻组有机质、土壤易氧化碳含量分别增加11.2%-74.2%、31.7%-196.9%、5.0%-79.6%, 覆盖2年的毛竹林样地土壤总有机碳、土壤轻组有机质和土壤易氧化碳含量分别增加22.2%-90.8%、36.7%-238.5%、21.9%-97.5%。不同处理样地的土壤水溶性有机碳含量差异不明显。2)对照样地土壤水溶性有机碳占总有机碳的比率高于覆盖处理的毛竹林地, 而易氧化碳占总有机碳的比率在0-30 cm土层表现为覆盖1年>覆盖2年>对照样地。3)覆盖1年、覆盖2年和自然生长3种处理下, 土壤水溶性有机碳、易氧化碳、轻组有机质和总有机碳含量呈现较高的相关性, 且对照样地土壤水溶性有机碳与总有机碳的相关系数大于覆盖1年和覆盖2年的毛竹林地, 覆盖2年的毛竹林样地易氧化碳与轻组有机质的相关系数最大。4)三种处理方式下, 土壤总有机碳、水溶性有机碳、易氧化碳、轻组有机质与土壤养分(全氮、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁)的相关性达到显著或极显著水平。短期内毛竹地表覆盖有利于提高土壤总有机碳、土壤活性有机碳和土壤养分元素含量, 对改善毛竹林土壤质量, 维持竹林可持续经营具有一定的促进作用。

关键词: 毛竹, 地表稻草覆盖, 土壤有机碳, 土壤活性有机碳, 土壤养分

Abstract:

Aims Soil total organic carbon and labile organic carbon are important indicators in evaluating soil quality. Mulching is widely applied to promote the emergence of bamboo shoot in winter time through stand management. Yet the consequences of mulching on soil quality in Phyllostachys edulis have not been well studied. We aim at the quantitative effect of mulching duration on soil quality in P. edulis stands.
Methods Several P. edulis stands located in Huangyan District of Taizhou, Zhejiang Province of China, had been applied with mulching for 1-2 years and were used in this study to assess the mulching effects. We also selected stands without mulching treatment as the reference sites (or control, CK) for comparisons.||||Important findings Total soil organic carbon (TOC), light fraction organic matter (LFOM), and easily-oxidized carbon (EOC) contents at stands with 1-year and 2-year mulching treatments were significantly increased compared with those at the CK sites. The 1-year mulching increased TOC, LFOM and EOC by 11.2%-74.2%, 31.7%-196.9% and 5.0%-79.6%, respectively, than those of CK sites, while by 22.2%-90.8%, 36.7%-238.5%, and 21.9%-97.5% with 2-year treatment. However, the contents of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) changed insignificantly. Among the indicators, we found that WSOC:TOC in CK was higher than that with the mulching treatments, while EOC:TOC with 1-year treatment was higher than that with 2-year treatment, and EOC:TOC with 2-year treatment was higher than that of CK. Additionally, WSOC, EOC, and LFOM at all three treatments showed high correlations with TOC, with a higher correlation coefficient of WSOC with TOC of 0- 30 cm soil layers in CK than those with mulching treatments. The correlation coefficient of EOC and LFOM with TOC was the highest at the 2-year mulching sites. More importantly, TOC, WSOC, EOC, and LFOM were significantly (p < 0.05), or extremely significantly (p < 0.01), correlated with soil nutrient content, including total N, hydrolysis N, available P, available K, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable Mg in all treatments. In sum, it appeared that mulching in short term can increase the contents of TOC, soil labile organic carbons and soil nutrients in bamboo soils, yielding an improved soil quality and thus can be promoted as a plausible practice for the sustainable management of P. edulis stands.

Key words: Phyllostachys edulis, soil mulching with straw, soil organic carbon, soil labile organic carbon, soil nutrients

赵睿宇, 李正才, 王斌, 葛晓改, 戴云喜, 赵志霞, 张雨洁. 毛竹林地表覆盖年限对土壤有机碳的影响. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(4): 418-429. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0340

Rui-Yu ZHAO, Zheng-Cai LI, Bin WANG, Xiao-Gai GE, Yun-Xi DAI, Zhi-Xia ZHAO, Yu-Jie ZHANG. Duration of mulching caused variable pools of labile organic carbon in a Phyllostachys edulis plantation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(4): 418-429. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0340

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0340

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I4/418

图/表 8

参考文献 73

[1]	Agarwal S, Aggarwal SG, Okuzawa K, Kawamura K (2010). Size distributions of dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids, α-dicarbonyls, sugars, WSOC, OC, EC and inorganic ions in atmospheric particles over Northern Japan: Implication for long-range transport of Siberian biomass burning and East Asian polluted aerosols. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10, 5839-5858.
[2]	Anderson TH, Domsch KH (1989). Rations of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 21, 471-479.
[3]	Blair GJ, Lefroy RDB, Lisle L (1995). Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index of agricultural systems. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 46, 1459-1466.
[4]	Boone RD (1994). Light-fraction soil organic matter: Origin and contribution to net nitrogen mineralization. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 26, 1459-1468.
[5]	Boyer JN, Groffman PM (1996). Bioavailability of water extractable organic carbon fractions in forest and agricultural soil profiles. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 28, 783-790.
[6]	Burford JR, Bremner JM (1975). Relationships between the denitrification capacities of soils and total water-soluble and readily decomposable soil organic matter. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 7, 389-394.
[7]	Chen SH, Zhu ZL, Liu DH, Shu L, Wang CQ (2008). Influence of straw mulching with no-till on soil nutrients and carbon pool management index. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 14, 806-809. (in Chinese with English abstract)[陈尚洪, 朱钟麟, 刘定辉, 舒丽, 王昌全 (2008). 秸秆还田和免耕对土壤养分及碳库管理指数的影响研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 14, 806-809.]
[8]	Chen SL (2011). Thoughts on related problems of mulched technique with organic materials. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 28, 799-804. (in Chinese with English abstract)[陈双林 (2011). 毛竹林地覆盖竹笋早出技术应用的问题思考. 浙江农林大学学报, 28, 799-804.]
[9]	Cheng CF, Li ZC, Zhou JG, Wu YC, Zhao ZX, Sun JJ (2015). Change of soil labile organic carbon pools after conversion from degraded shrub forest to broadleaved plantations in North subtropical area of China. Forest Research, 28, 101-108. (in Chinese with English abstract)[程彩芳, 李正才, 周君刚, 吴亚丛, 赵志霞, 孙娇娇 (2015). 北亚热带地区退化灌木林改造为人工阔叶林后土壤活性碳库的变化. 林业科学研究, 28, 101-108.]
[10]	Coleman DC, Reid CPP, Cole CV (1983). Biological strategies of nutrient cycling in soil systems. Advances in Ecological Research, 13, 1-55.
[11]	Dupont ST, Culman SW, Ferris H, Buckley DH, Glover JD (2010). No-tillage conversion of harvested perennial grassland to annual cropland reduces root biomass, decreases active carbon stocks, and impacts soil biota. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 137, 25-32.
[12]	Gao F, Jia ZK, Zhang P, Wang W, Lu WT, Yang BP, Li YP (2011). Effect of straw mulching on soil active organic carbon and soil C pool management index in the arid areas of Southern Ningxia. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 29, 107-117. (in Chinese with English abstract)[高飞, 贾志宽, 张鹏, 王维, 路文涛, 杨宝平, 李永平 (2011). 秸秆覆盖对宁南早作农田活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 29, 107-117.]
[13]	Gong J, Huang GB, Chen LD, Fu BJ (2003). Comprehensive ecological effect of straw mulch on spring wheat field in dryland area. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 21, 69-73. (in Chinese with English abstract)[巩杰, 黄高宝, 陈利顶, 傅伯杰 (2003). 旱作麦田秸秆覆盖的生态综合效应研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 21, 69-73.]
[14]	Guo ZW, Yu WX, Chen SL, Li YC, Yang QP (2013). Influence of mulching management on soil microbe and its relationship with soil nutrient in Phyllostachys praecox stand. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33, 5623-5630. (in Chinese with English abstract)[郭子武, 俞文仙, 陈双林, 李迎春, 杨清平 (2013). 林地覆盖对雷竹林土壤微生物特征及其与土壤养分制约性关系的影响. 生态学报, 33, 5623-5630.]
[15]	Halvorson AD, Wienhold BJ, Black AL (2002). Tillage, nitrogen, and cropping system effects on soil carbon sequestration. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66, 906-912.
[16]	Han J, Jia ZK, Han QF, Zhang J (2013). Application of mulching materials of rainfall harvesting system for improving soil water and corn growth in northwest of China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 12, 1712-1721.
[17]	Huang Y, Liu SL, Shen QR, Zong LG (2002). Influence of environmental factors on the decomposition of organic carbon in agricultural soils. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 13, 709-714. (in Chinese with English abstract)[黄耀, 刘世梁, 沈其荣, 宗良纲 (2002). 环境因子对农业土壤有机碳分解的影响. 应用生态学报, 13, 709-714.]
[18]	Huang ZQ, Xu ZH, Chen CR (2008). Effect of mulching on labile soil organic matter pools, microbial community functional diversity and nitrogen transformations in two hardwood plantations subtropical Australia. Applied Soil Ecology, 40, 229-239.
[19]	Janzen HH, Campbell CA, Brandt SA, Lafond GP, Townley- Smith L (1992). Light-fraction organic matter in soils from long-term crop rotations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56, 1799-1806.
[20]	Jiang PK, Zhou GM, Xu QF (2002). Effect of intensive cultivation on the carbon pool of soil in Phyllostachys praecox stands. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 38(6), 6-11. (in Chinese with English abstract)[姜培坤, 周国模, 徐秋芳 (2002). 雷竹高效栽培措施对土壤碳库的影响. 林业科学, 38(6), 6-11.]
[21]	Jiang ZH (2002). World Bamboo Rattan. Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House, Shenyang. (in Chinese)[江泽慧 (2002). 世界竹藤. 辽宁科学技术出版社, 沈阳.]
[22]	Kahlon MS, Lai R, Ann-Varughese M (2013). Twenty two years of tillage and mulching impacts on soil physical characteristics and carbon sequestration in Central Ohio. Soil and Tillage Research, 126, 151-158.
[23]	Kalbitz K, Schwesig D, Rethemeyer J, Matzner E (2005). Stabilization of dissolved organic matter by sorption to the mineral soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 37, 1319-1331.
[24]	Kuiters AT, Mulder W (1993). Water-soluble organic matter in forest soils. Plant and Soil, 152, 225-235.
[25]	Li JT, Zhong XL, Zhao QG (2011). Enhancement of soil quality in a rice-wheat rotation after long-term application of poultry litter and livestock manure. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31, 2837-2845. (in Chinese with English abstract)[李江涛, 钟晓兰, 赵其国 (2011). 畜禽粪便施用对稻麦轮作土壤质量的影响. 生态学报, 31, 2837-2845.]
[26]	Li L, Zhu HH, Su YR, Xiao HA, Huang DY, Wu JS (2009). Effects of rice straw incorporation in situ and ex situ on soil organic C and active organic C in agricultural soils in red soil hilly region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 42, 926-933. (in Chinese with English abstract)[李玲, 朱捍华, 苏以荣, 肖和艾, 黄道友, 吴金水 (2009). 稻草还田和易地还土对红壤丘陵农田土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响. 中国农业科学, 42, 926-933.]
[27]	Li L, Li SJ, Zhang HL, Chen F (2006). Study on soil C pool management index of conversation tillage. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 20, 106-109. (in Chinese with English abstract)[李琳, 李素娟, 张海林, 陈阜 (2006). 保护性耕作下土壤碳库管理指数的研究. 水土保持学报, 20, 106-109.]
[28]	Li S, Zhang SR, Luo HH, Zhou L, Wang GY, Shen YC (2013). Concentration characteristics and dynamic changes of water soluble organic carbon in soil under different fertilization treatments. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 32, 314-319. (in Chinese with English abstract)[李森, 张世熔, 罗红华, 周玲, 王贵胤, 沈乂畅 (2013). 不同施肥处理土壤水溶性有机碳含量特征及动态变化. 农业环境科学学报, 32, 314-319.]
[29]	Li Y, Fang X, Xiang WH, Sun WJ, Zhang SJ, Li SL (2014). Contents of soil dissolved organic carbon and its relation. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 45, 1483-1490. (in Chinese with English abstract)[李岩, 方晰, 项文化, 孙伟军, 张仕吉, 李胜蓝 (2014). 湘中丘陵区4种森林土壤水溶性有机碳含量及其与土壤养分的关系. 土壤通报, 45, 1483-1490.]
[30]	Li ZP, Zhang TL, Chen BY (2004). Dynamics of soluble organic carbon and its relation to mineralization of soil organic carbon. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 41, 544-552. (in Chinese with English abstract)[李忠佩, 张桃林, 陈碧云 (2004). 可溶性有机碳的含量动态及其与土壤有机碳矿化的关系. 土壤学报, 41, 544-552.]
[31]	Liang BC, Mackenzie AF, Schnitzer M, Monreal M, Voroney PR, Beyaert RP (1997). Management induced change in labile soil organic matter under continuous corn in eastern Canadian soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 26, 88-94.
[32]	Liu MY, Chang QR, Qi YB, Liu J, Chen T (2014). Aggregation and soil organic carbon fractions under different land uses on the tableland of the Loess Plateau of China. Catena, 115, 19-28.
[33]	Liu RJ, Wu YC, Zhang Y, Li ZC, Ma SJ, Wang B, Geri LT (2012). Comparison of soil labile organic carbon in Chinese fir plantations and natural secondary forests in north subtropical areas of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 36, 431-437. (in Chinese with English abstract)[刘荣杰, 吴亚丛, 张英, 李正才, 马少杰, 王斌, 格日乐图 (2012). 中国北亚热带天然次生林与杉木人工林土壤活性有机碳库的比较. 植物生态学报, 36, 431-437.]
[34]	Liu WN, Wu WL, Wang XB, Wang MX, Mao WF (2006). Effects of soil type and land use pattern on microbial biomass carbon. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 12, 406-411. (in Chinese with English abstract)[刘文娜, 吴文良, 王秀斌, 王明新, 毛文峰 (2006). 不同土壤类型和农业用地方式对土壤微生物量碳的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 12, 406-411.]
[35]	Louise MD, Gwyn SG, John H, Phil JH, Richard D (2000). Management influences on soil microbial communities and their function in botanically diverse haymeadows of northern England and Wales. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 32, 253-256.
[36]	Lu RK (2000). Analytical Methods for Soil Agrochemistry. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)[鲁如坤 (2000). 土壤农业化学分析方法. 中国农业科学技术出版社, 北京.]
[37]	Ma SJ, Li ZC, Wang G, Liu RJ, Fu MY, Zhou BZ (2011). Effects of intensive and extensive management on soil active organic carbon in bamboo forests of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 35, 551-557. (in Chinese with English abstract)[马少杰, 李正才, 王刚, 刘荣杰, 傅懋毅, 周本智 (2011). 集约和粗放经营下毛竹林土壤活性有机碳的变化. 植物生态学报, 35, 551-557.]
[38]	Mandal UK, Yadav SK, Sharma KL, Ramesh V, Venkanna K (2011). Estimating permanganate-oxidizable active carbon as quick indicator for assessing soil quality under different land-use system of rainfed Alfisols. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 81, 927-931.
[39]	Moradi A, Sung CTB, Goh KJ, Hanif AHM, Ishak CF (2015). Effect of four soil and water conservation practices on soil physical processes in a non-terraced oil palm plantation. Soil and Tillage Research, 145, 62-71.
[40]	Oliva P, Viers J, Dupré B, Fotuné JP, Martin F, Braun JJ, Nahon D, Robain H (1999). The effect of organic matter on chemical weathering: Study of a small tropical watershed: Nsimi-Zoétélé site, Cameroon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 4013-4035.
[41]	Ouyang W, Qi SS, Hao FH, Wang XL, Shan YS, Chen SY (2013). Impact of crop patterns and cultivation on carbon sequestration and global warming potential in an agricultural freeze zone. Ecological Modelling, 252, 228-237.
[42]	Post WM, Kwon KC (2000). Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change: Processes and potential. Global Change Biology, 6, 317-327.
[43]	Sainju UM, Schomberg HH, Singh BP, Whitehead WF, Tillman PG, Lachnicht-weywes SL (2007). Cover crop effect on soil carbon fractions under conservation tillage cotton. Soil and Tillage Research, 96, 205-218.
[44]	Shen H, Cao ZH, Xu ZH (2000). Effects of fertilization on different carbon fractions and carbon pool management index in soils. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 37, 166-173. (in Chinese with English abstract)[沈宏, 曹志洪, 徐志红 (2000). 施肥对土壤不同碳形态及碳库管理指数的影响. 土壤学报, 37, 166-173.]
[45]	Shrestha RK, Ladha JK, Gami SK (2006). Total and organic soil carbon in cropping systems of Nepal. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 75, 257-269.
[46]	Six J, Conant RT, Paul EA, Paustian K (2002). Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant and Soil, 241, 155-176.
[47]	Song MW, Li AZ, Cai LQ, Zhang RZ (2008). Effects of different tillage methods on soil organic carbon pool. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 27, 622-626. (in Chinese with English abstract)[宋明伟, 李爱宗, 蔡立群, 张仁陟 (2008). 耕作方式对土壤有及碳库的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 27, 622-626.]
[48]	State Forestry Administration (1999). Forestry Industry Standard of the People’s Republic of China LY/T 1210 1275-1999. Forest Soil Analysis Method. Standards Press of China, Beijing. (in Chinese)[国家林业局 (1999). 中华人民共和国林业行业标准LY/T 1210 1275-1999 森林土壤分析方法. 中国标准出版社, 北京.]
[49]	Stockfisch N, Forstreuter T, Ehlers W (1999). Ploughing effects on soil organic matter after twenty years of conservation tillage in Lower Saxony, Germany. Soil and Tillage Research, 52, 91-101.
[50]	Thorburn PJ, Meier EA, Collins K, Robertson FA (2012). Changes in soil carbon sequestration, fractionation and soil fertility in response to sugarcane residue retention are site-specific. Soil and Tillage Research, 120, 99-111.
[51]	Tian SZ, Ning TY, Wang Y, Li HJ, Zhong WL, Li ZJ (2010). Effect of different tillage methods and straw-returning on soil organic carbon content in a winter wheat field. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 21, 373-378. (in Chinese with English abstract)[田慎重, 宁堂原, 王瑜, 李洪杰, 仲惟磊, 李增嘉 (2010). 不同耕作方式和秸秆还田对麦田土壤有机碳含量的影响. 应用生态学报, 21, 373-378.]
[52]	Tirol-Padre A, Ladha JK (2004). Assessing the reliability of permanganate-oxidizable carbon as an index of soil labile carbon. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 969-978.
[53]	Wander MM, Traina SJ, Stinner BR, Peter SE (1994). The effects of organic and conventional management on biologically-active soil organic matter fractions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58, 1130-1139.
[54]	Wang B, Wang KH, Li Q, Zhu ZJ, Ding XZ, Yang J (2012). A preliminary study of the effect of mulching on growth of Phyllostachys edulis. World Bamboo Rattan, 10, 20-22. (in Chinese with English abstract)[王波, 汪奎宏, 李琴, 朱志建, 丁笑章, 杨键 (2012). 地面覆盖对毛竹生长影响的初步研究. 世界竹藤通讯, 10, 20-22.]
[55]	Wang GB, Zhao XL, Wang MH, Ruan HH, Xu CB, Xu YM (2013). Effects of land use change on soil readily oxidizable carbon in a coastal area of northern Jiangsu Province, East China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 921-926. (in Chinese with English abstract)[王国兵, 赵小龙, 王明慧, 阮宏华, 徐长柏, 徐亚明 (2013). 苏北沿海土地利用变化对土壤易氧化碳含量的影响. 应用生态学报, 24, 921-926.]
[56]	Wang QK, Wang SL, Feng ZW, Huang Y (2005). Active soil organic matter and its relationship with soil quality. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25, 513-519. (in Chinese with English abstract)[王清奎, 汪思龙, 冯宗炜, 黄宇 (2005). 土壤活性有机质及其与土壤质量的关系. 生态学报, 25, 513-519.]
[57]	Wang Y, Ruan HH, Huang LL, Feng YQ, Qi Y, Zhou JZ, Shen YL (2010). Soil labile organic carbon with different land uses in reclaimed land area from Taihu Lake. Soil Science, 175, 624-630.
[58]	Wang YJ, Xie ZK, Malhi SS, Vera CL, Zhang YB, Wang JN (2009). Effects of rainfall harvesting and mulching technologies on water use efficiency and crop yield in the semi-arid loess plateau China. Agricultural Water Management, 96, 374-382.
[59]	Whitbread AM, Lefroy RDB, Blair GJ (1998). A survey of the impact of cropping on soil physical and chemical properties in north-western New South Wales. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 36, 669-681.
[60]	Wu JG, Xu DY (2005). Dissolved organic carbon concentrations in soil under different land uses in the Liupan mountain forest zone. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 29, 945-953. (in Chinese with English abstract)[吴建国, 徐德应 (2005). 六盘山林区几种土地利用方式对土壤中可溶性有机碳浓度影响的初步研究. 植物生态学报, 29, 945-953.]
[61]	Wu YC, Li ZC, Cheng CF, Liu RJ, Wang B, Geri LT (2013). Effects of understory removal on soil labile organic carbon pool in a cinnamomum camphora plantation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 3341-3346. (in Chinese with English abstract)[吴亚丛, 李正才, 程彩芳, 刘荣杰, 王斌, 格日乐图 (2013). 除去林下植被对樟树人工林土壤活性有机碳库的影响. 应用生态学报, 24, 3341-3346.]
[62]	Xie XF (1994). Bamboo Production and Processing. Jindun Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)[谢孝福 (1994). 竹子生产与加工. 金盾出版社, 北京.]
[63]	Xu QF (2003). Study on Labile Organic Carbon Pool in Forest Soils. PhD dissertation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou.[徐秋芳 (2003). 森林土壤活性有机碳库的研究. 博士学位论文, 浙江大学, 杭州.]
[64]	Xu QF, Xu JM, Jiang PK (2003). Study on organic carbon pool of soil under intensive management bamboo forest. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 17, 15-21. (in Chinese with English abstract)[徐秋芳, 徐建明, 姜培坤 (2003). 集约经营毛竹林土壤活性有机碳库研究. 水土保持学报, 17, 15-21.]
[65]	Yang MF, Zhu LQ, Han XZ, Gu KJ, Hu NJ, Bian XM (2013). Short-term effects of different tillage modes combined with straw-returning on the soil labile organic carbon components in a farmland with rice-wheat double cropping. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 1387-1393. (in Chinese with English abstract)[杨敏芳, 朱利群, 韩新忠, 顾克军, 胡乃娟, 卞新民 (2013). 不同土壤耕作措施与秸秆还田对稻麦两熟制农田土壤活性有机碳组分的短期影响. 应用生态学报, 24, 1387-1393.]
[66]	Yue LX (2010). Effects of Tillage Practices on Soil Organic Carbon Pool in Paddy Soil. PhD dissertation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan.[乐丽鑫 (2010). 耕作方式对稻田土壤有机碳库的影响, 博士学位论文, 华中农业大学, 武汉.]
[67]	Zhang JH, Ding WX, Meng L (2010). Spatial variability of soil labile organic carbon in the tropical rubber plantations of Hainan Province, China. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 19, 2563-2567. (in Chinese with English abstract)[张俊华, 丁维新, 孟磊 (2010). 海南热带橡胶园土壤易氧化有机碳空间变异特征研究. 生态环境学报, 19, 2563-2567.]
[68]	Zhang LM, Yu DS, Shi XZ, Xu SX, Wang SH, Xing SH, Zhao YC (2012). Simulation soil organic carbon change in China’s Tai-Lake paddy soils. Soil and Tillage Research, 121, 1-9.
[69]	Zhao MX, Zhou JB, Kalbitz K (2008). Carbon mineralization and properties of water-extractable organic carbon in soils of the south Loess Plateau in China. European Journal of Soil Biology, 44, 158-165.
[70]	Zhou GM, Jiang PK (2004). Changes in active organic carbon of erosion red soil by vegetation recovery. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 18, 68-83. (in Chinese with English abstract)[周国模, 姜培坤 (2004). 不同植被恢复对侵蚀红壤活性碳库的影响. 水土保持学报, 18, 68-83.]
[71]	Zhou GM, Xu JM, Wu JS, Jiang PK (2006). Changes in soil active organic carbon with history of intensive management of Phyllostachy pubescens forest. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 42(6), 124-128. (in Chinese with English abstract)[周国模, 徐建明, 吴家森, 姜培坤 (2006). 毛竹林集约经营过程中土壤活性有机碳库的演变. 林业科学, 42(6), 124-128.]
[72]	Zhu YL, Han JG, Wu JS (2004). Effect of agricultural practices on soil organic carbon dynamics. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 35, 648-651. (in Chinese with English abstract)[朱咏莉, 韩建刚, 吴金水 (2004). 农业管理措施对土壤有机碳动态变化的影响. 土壤通报, 35, 648-651.]
[73]	Zhu ZJ, Jiang PK, Xu QF (2006). Study on the active organic carbon in soil under different types of vegetation. Forest Research, 42, 523-526. (in Chinese with English abstract)[朱志建, 姜培坤, 徐秋芳 (2006). 不同森林植被下土壤微生物量碳和易氧化态碳的比较. 林业科学研究, 42, 523-526.]

处理 Treatment	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	立林密度 Stand density (plant·hm^-2)	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope grade (°)	林下植被 Understory vegetation
对照 Control	9.09	2 700	东南向 Southeast direction	20	少灌草 Few shrubs and herbs
覆盖1年翻耕 1-year mulching	8.68	1 500	东南向 Southeast direction	20	无灌木 No shrub
覆盖2年翻耕 2-year mulching	7.67	1 200	东南向 Southeast direction	20	无灌木 No shrub

处理 Treatment	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	立林密度 Stand density (plant·hm^-2)	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope grade (°)	林下植被 Understory vegetation
对照 Control	9.09	2 700	东南向 Southeast direction	20	少灌草 Few shrubs and herbs
覆盖1年翻耕 1-year mulching	8.68	1 500	东南向 Southeast direction	20	无灌木 No shrub
覆盖2年翻耕 2-year mulching	7.67	1 200	东南向 Southeast direction	20	无灌木 No shrub

处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer (cm)
处理 Treatment	0-10	10-20	20-30	30-40	40-50
对照 Control	29.60 ± 4.07^b	26.70 ± 3.08^b	22.40 ± 1.28^a	19.20 ± 5.09^a	16.07 ± 4.15^a
覆盖1年翻耕 1-year mulching	38.43 ± 2.98^a	46.50 ± 1.99^a	24.90 ± 4.07^a	21.73 ± 3.37^a	19.07 ± 4.49^a
覆盖2年翻耕 2-year mulching	39.33 ± 2.15^a	50.93 ± 2.56^a	27.73 ± 1.91^a	23.47 ± 1.21^a	20.67 ± 1.88^a

处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer (cm)
处理 Treatment	0-10	10-20	20-30	30-40	40-50
对照 Control	29.60 ± 4.07^b	26.70 ± 3.08^b	22.40 ± 1.28^a	19.20 ± 5.09^a	16.07 ± 4.15^a
覆盖1年翻耕 1-year mulching	38.43 ± 2.98^a	46.50 ± 1.99^a	24.90 ± 4.07^a	21.73 ± 3.37^a	19.07 ± 4.49^a
覆盖2年翻耕 2-year mulching	39.33 ± 2.15^a	50.93 ± 2.56^a	27.73 ± 1.91^a	23.47 ± 1.21^a	20.67 ± 1.88^a

处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer (cm)
处理 Treatment	0-10	10-20	20-30	30-40	40-50
对照 Control	21.51 ± 2.53	18.46 ± 1.76	18.33 ± 1.40	17.50 ± 2.50	15.13 ± 2.24
覆盖1年翻耕 1-year mulching	20.47 ± 1.46	29.30 ± 9.21	18.38 ± 0.88	17.99 ± 0.30	16.12 ± 1.42
覆盖2年翻耕 2-year mulching	23.84 ± 2.35	28.08 ± 5.37	20.98 ± 4.03	17.81 ± 2.37	16.86 ± 2.57