植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 891-902.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0085
毛瑾1, 朵莹1, 邓军2, 程杰3, 程积民4, 彭长辉4,5, 郭梁4,6,*()
收稿日期:
2021-03-12
修回日期:
2021-05-26
出版日期:
2021-08-20
发布日期:
2021-05-29
通讯作者:
郭梁
作者简介:
* guoliang2014@nwsuaf.edu.cn基金资助:
MAO Jin1, DUO Ying1, DENG Jun2, CHENG Jie3, CHENG Ji-Min4, PENG Chang-Hui4,5, GUO Liang4,6,*()
Received:
2021-03-12
Revised:
2021-05-26
Online:
2021-08-20
Published:
2021-05-29
Contact:
GUO Liang
Supported by:
摘要:
冬季增温和积雪变化可改变土壤-微生物系统结构和功能。微生物作为陆地生态系统关键生物因子, 发挥着调控土壤养分循环的重要作用, 并对环境扰动, 特别是冬季气候变化十分敏感。开展半干旱区典型草原土壤养分和微生物特性对冬季气候变化的响应研究, 对预测未来气候变化情景下草地生态过程和功能变化意义重大。该研究以宁夏云雾山国家级自然保护区半干旱草原为研究对象, 于冬季布设增温、减雪、增温减雪互作及对照4种处理, 探究了黄土高原典型草原0-5 cm土层土壤养分、酶活性、土壤细菌群落组成对冬季温度和积雪变化的响应规律。结果表明: (1)冬季增温、减雪及互作均提高了0-5 cm土壤温度, 降低了土壤相对湿度, 但却显著增加了土壤冻融循环次数; (2)与对照相比, 不同处理整体上降低了微生物生物量及其多样性, 降低了土壤β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性, 增加了土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷及铵态氮含量, 硝态氮含量有所下降; (3)研究区土壤细菌以酸杆菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门、芽单胞菌门为主, 优势菌纲以酸杆菌纲、γ-变形杆菌纲、嗜热油菌纲及σ-变形菌纲为主。冗余分析显示, 速效磷含量对细菌群落构成影响最显著, 对群落变异的解释度为21.3%。总之, 冬季气候变化可通过影响土壤温湿度, 特别是冻融循环进而作用于土壤养分循环、酶活性和土壤细菌多样性变化, 这些结果对丰富和拓展气候变化对草地生态系统影响过程与机制的认识, 准确预测典型草原中长期动态变化具有重要意义。
毛瑾, 朵莹, 邓军, 程杰, 程积民, 彭长辉, 郭梁. 冬季增温和减雪对黄土高原典型草原土壤养分和细菌群落组成的影响. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(8): 891-902. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0085
MAO Jin, DUO Ying, DENG Jun, CHENG Jie, CHENG Ji-Min, PENG Chang-Hui, GUO Liang. Influences of warming and snow reduction in winter on soil nutrients and bacterial communities composition in a typical grassland of the Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(8): 891-902. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0085
图2 2018年11月至2019年3月不同处理对地下5 cm处土壤温湿度的影响。CK, 对照; S, 减雪; W, 增温; WS, 增温和减雪互作。
Fig. 2 Influence of different treatments on the soil temperature and relative humidity underground 5 cm from November 2018 to March 2019. CK, control; S, snow reduction; W, warming; WS, interaction of warming and snow reduction.
处理 Treatment | 年份-月份 Year-month | 冻融循环次数 Numbers of freeze-thaw cycle | 总计 Sum |
---|---|---|---|
对照 CK | 2018-11 | 2 | 29 |
2018-12 | 0 | ||
2019-01 | 0 | ||
2019-02 | 8 | ||
2019-03 | 19 | ||
增温 W | 2018-11 | 7 | 53 |
2018-12 | 22 | ||
2019-01 | 0 | ||
2019-02 | 24 | ||
2019-03 | 0 | ||
减雪 S | 2018-11 | 8 | 51 |
2018-12 | 21 | ||
2019-01 | 9 | ||
2019-02 | 13 | ||
2019-03 | 0 | ||
互作 WS | 2018-11 | 2 | 61 |
2018-12 | 16 | ||
2019-01 | 14 | ||
2019-02 | 23 | ||
2019-03 | 6 |
表1 冬季土壤冻融循环次数在不同处理下的比较
Table 1 Comparison of the numbers of soil freeze-thaw cycles under different treatments in winter
处理 Treatment | 年份-月份 Year-month | 冻融循环次数 Numbers of freeze-thaw cycle | 总计 Sum |
---|---|---|---|
对照 CK | 2018-11 | 2 | 29 |
2018-12 | 0 | ||
2019-01 | 0 | ||
2019-02 | 8 | ||
2019-03 | 19 | ||
增温 W | 2018-11 | 7 | 53 |
2018-12 | 22 | ||
2019-01 | 0 | ||
2019-02 | 24 | ||
2019-03 | 0 | ||
减雪 S | 2018-11 | 8 | 51 |
2018-12 | 21 | ||
2019-01 | 9 | ||
2019-02 | 13 | ||
2019-03 | 0 | ||
互作 WS | 2018-11 | 2 | 61 |
2018-12 | 16 | ||
2019-01 | 14 | ||
2019-02 | 23 | ||
2019-03 | 6 |
土壤指标 Soil indicator | 对照 CK | 增温 W | 减雪 S | 互作 WS | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤有机碳含量 SOC content (g·kg-1) | 23.66 ± 1.87b | 30.92 ± 0.28a | 25.00 ± 0.94b | 25.15 ± 1.09b | 7.39 | * |
全氮含量 TN content (g·kg-1) | 2.47 ± 0.06c | 3.03 ± 0.03a | 2.97 ± 0.03a | 2.71 ± 0.02b | 47.28 | *** |
速效磷含量 AP content (mg·kg-1) | 3.30 ± 0.15c | 3.97 ± 0.15ab | 4.17 ± 0.03a | 3.53 ± 0.2bc | 7.23 | * |
硝态氮含量 NO- 3-N content (mg·kg-1) | 6.33 ± 0.41a | 4.37 ± 0.12b | 6.40 ± 0.55a | 4.83 ± 0.24b | 7.93 | ** |
铵态氮含量 NH+ 4-N content (mg·kg-1) | 3.90 ± 0.41b | 4.03 ± 0.12b | 3.33 ± 0.55b | 5.83 ± 0.24a | 4.73 | * |
pH | 7.51 ± 0.02a | 7.51 ± 0.01a | 7.48 ± 0a | 7.52 ± 0.02a | 1.54 | NS |
微生物生物量碳含量 MBC content (mg·kg-1) | 820.08 ± 23.97b | 951.73 ± 6.91a | 807.58 ± 48.58b | 696.02 ± 17.49c | 13.33 | ** |
微生物生物量氮含量 MBN content (mg·kg-1) | 63.48 ± 1.51a | 67.57 ± 2.57a | 61.39 ± 9.10a | 54.60 ± 1.26a | 1.26 | NS |
β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性 BG activity (nmol·g-1·h-1) | 203.37 ± 16.45a | 211.55 ± 13.82a | 197.87 ± 16.04ab | 157.08 ± 4.32b | 3.19 | NS |
β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性 NAG activity (nmol·g-1·h-1) | 76.85 ± 1.67a | 70.94 ± 2.33a | 74.33 ± 5.31a | 56.33 ± 1.63b | 8.64 | ** |
碱性磷酸酶活性 AKP activity (nmol·g-1·h-1) | 656.61 ± 14.04a | 642.68 ± 46.49a | 586.07 ± 30.72ab | 539.64 ± 4.12b | 3.60 | NS |
表2 土壤理化性质和酶活性在不同处理下的比较(平均值±标准差, n = 4)
Table 2 Comparison of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities under different treatments (means ± SD, n = 4)
土壤指标 Soil indicator | 对照 CK | 增温 W | 减雪 S | 互作 WS | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤有机碳含量 SOC content (g·kg-1) | 23.66 ± 1.87b | 30.92 ± 0.28a | 25.00 ± 0.94b | 25.15 ± 1.09b | 7.39 | * |
全氮含量 TN content (g·kg-1) | 2.47 ± 0.06c | 3.03 ± 0.03a | 2.97 ± 0.03a | 2.71 ± 0.02b | 47.28 | *** |
速效磷含量 AP content (mg·kg-1) | 3.30 ± 0.15c | 3.97 ± 0.15ab | 4.17 ± 0.03a | 3.53 ± 0.2bc | 7.23 | * |
硝态氮含量 NO- 3-N content (mg·kg-1) | 6.33 ± 0.41a | 4.37 ± 0.12b | 6.40 ± 0.55a | 4.83 ± 0.24b | 7.93 | ** |
铵态氮含量 NH+ 4-N content (mg·kg-1) | 3.90 ± 0.41b | 4.03 ± 0.12b | 3.33 ± 0.55b | 5.83 ± 0.24a | 4.73 | * |
pH | 7.51 ± 0.02a | 7.51 ± 0.01a | 7.48 ± 0a | 7.52 ± 0.02a | 1.54 | NS |
微生物生物量碳含量 MBC content (mg·kg-1) | 820.08 ± 23.97b | 951.73 ± 6.91a | 807.58 ± 48.58b | 696.02 ± 17.49c | 13.33 | ** |
微生物生物量氮含量 MBN content (mg·kg-1) | 63.48 ± 1.51a | 67.57 ± 2.57a | 61.39 ± 9.10a | 54.60 ± 1.26a | 1.26 | NS |
β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性 BG activity (nmol·g-1·h-1) | 203.37 ± 16.45a | 211.55 ± 13.82a | 197.87 ± 16.04ab | 157.08 ± 4.32b | 3.19 | NS |
β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性 NAG activity (nmol·g-1·h-1) | 76.85 ± 1.67a | 70.94 ± 2.33a | 74.33 ± 5.31a | 56.33 ± 1.63b | 8.64 | ** |
碱性磷酸酶活性 AKP activity (nmol·g-1·h-1) | 656.61 ± 14.04a | 642.68 ± 46.49a | 586.07 ± 30.72ab | 539.64 ± 4.12b | 3.60 | NS |
图3 土壤细菌多样性在不同处理下的比较。CK, 对照; S, 减雪; W, 增温; WS, 增温减雪互作。不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 3 Comparison of soil bacterial diversity under different treatments. CK, control; S, snow reduction; W, warming; WS, interaction of warming and snow reduction. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05).
图4 不同处理下土壤细菌在不同分类学水平上的相对丰度比较。A, 门水平细菌相对丰度。B, 纲水平细菌相对丰度。CK, 对照; S, 减雪; W, 增温; WS, 增温减雪互作。同一分类群不同小写字母表示不同处理间丰度差异显著(p < 0.05), 标注于对应的分类群相对丰度柱状图中央部位。
Fig. 4 Comparison of the relative abundance of soil bacteria at different taxonomic levels under different experimental treatments. A, Relative abundance of bacteria at phylum level. B, Relative abundance of bacteria at class level. CK, control; S, snow reduction; W, warming; WS, interaction of warming and snow reduction. Different lowercase letters of the same taxon indicate significant differences in abundance between different treatments (p < 0.05). The lowercase letters are marked in the center of the corresponding bar graph of taxon relative abundance.
图5 土壤细菌群落与土壤理化性质的冗余分析(RDA)。AP, 速效磷含量; MBC, 微生物生物量碳含量; MBN, 微生物生物量氮含量; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; TN, 全氮含量。蓝色箭头表示门水平下土壤细菌种群分布, 红色箭头表示环境因子。
Fig. 5 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil bacterial communities and soil physical and chemical properties. CK, control; S, snow reduction; W, warming; WS, interaction of warming and snow reduction. AP, available phosphorus content; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content. The blue arrows indicate the distribution of soil bacterial populations at the phylum level, and the red arrows indicate environmental factors.
Sha. | Chao1 | Ric. | Aci. | Pro. | Act. | Gem. | Chl. | Pla. | Rok. | Ver. | Bac. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOC | 0.23 | -0.26 | -0.06 | -0.36 | 0.19 | 0.36 | -0.16 | -0.09 | -0.13 | -0.14 | 0.19 | 0.22 |
TN | 0.12 | -0.14 | -0.07 | -0.23 | 0.36 | 0.17 | -0.42 | -0.05 | -0.05 | 0.21 | -0.09 | 0.00 |
AP | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.43 | 0.46 | -0.28 | -0.32 | -0.10 | -0.11 | 0.32 | 0.11 | -0.02 |
NO- 3-N | 0.47 | 0.80* | 0.78** | 0.54* | 0.32 | -0.02 | -0.08 | -0.48 | -0.16 | -0.22 | -0.23 | -0.11 |
NH+ 4-N | -0.58* | -0.45 | -0.55* | -0.27 | -0.25 | -0.20 | -0.06 | 0.65** | -0.02 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.09 |
pH | -0.08 | -0.10 | -0.19 | 0.01 | 0.02 | -0.27 | -0.01 | -0.14 | 0.54* | -0.10 | -0.35 | 0.35 |
MBC | 0.56* | 0.22 | 0.43 | -0.07 | 0.38 | 0.43 | -0.02 | -0.54* | -0.14 | -0.43 | -0.15 | 0.25 |
MBN | 0.63** | 0.27 | 0.51* | -0.16 | 0.70** | 0.16 | -0.33 | -0.40 | 0.04 | -0.26 | -0.20 | 0.40 |
BG | 0.77** | 0.42 | 0.70** | 0.06 | 0.47 | 0.27 | -0.11 | -0.62* | 0.02 | -0.47 | -0.24 | 0.25 |
NAG | 0.49 | 0.31 | 0.54* | 0.38 | 0.42 | -0.01 | 0.05 | -0.41 | -0.12 | -0.19 | -0.20 | 0.04 |
AKP | 0.56* | 0.35 | 0.49 | -0.02 | 0.18 | 0.51* | 0.22 | -0.61* | -0.25 | -0.66** | -0.05 | 0.21 |
表3 土壤细菌多样性和各分类群丰度与土壤理化性质和酶活性的Pearson相关性分析
Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficients of soil bacterial diversity and abundance of various taxon with soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities
Sha. | Chao1 | Ric. | Aci. | Pro. | Act. | Gem. | Chl. | Pla. | Rok. | Ver. | Bac. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOC | 0.23 | -0.26 | -0.06 | -0.36 | 0.19 | 0.36 | -0.16 | -0.09 | -0.13 | -0.14 | 0.19 | 0.22 |
TN | 0.12 | -0.14 | -0.07 | -0.23 | 0.36 | 0.17 | -0.42 | -0.05 | -0.05 | 0.21 | -0.09 | 0.00 |
AP | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.43 | 0.46 | -0.28 | -0.32 | -0.10 | -0.11 | 0.32 | 0.11 | -0.02 |
NO- 3-N | 0.47 | 0.80* | 0.78** | 0.54* | 0.32 | -0.02 | -0.08 | -0.48 | -0.16 | -0.22 | -0.23 | -0.11 |
NH+ 4-N | -0.58* | -0.45 | -0.55* | -0.27 | -0.25 | -0.20 | -0.06 | 0.65** | -0.02 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.09 |
pH | -0.08 | -0.10 | -0.19 | 0.01 | 0.02 | -0.27 | -0.01 | -0.14 | 0.54* | -0.10 | -0.35 | 0.35 |
MBC | 0.56* | 0.22 | 0.43 | -0.07 | 0.38 | 0.43 | -0.02 | -0.54* | -0.14 | -0.43 | -0.15 | 0.25 |
MBN | 0.63** | 0.27 | 0.51* | -0.16 | 0.70** | 0.16 | -0.33 | -0.40 | 0.04 | -0.26 | -0.20 | 0.40 |
BG | 0.77** | 0.42 | 0.70** | 0.06 | 0.47 | 0.27 | -0.11 | -0.62* | 0.02 | -0.47 | -0.24 | 0.25 |
NAG | 0.49 | 0.31 | 0.54* | 0.38 | 0.42 | -0.01 | 0.05 | -0.41 | -0.12 | -0.19 | -0.20 | 0.04 |
AKP | 0.56* | 0.35 | 0.49 | -0.02 | 0.18 | 0.51* | 0.22 | -0.61* | -0.25 | -0.66** | -0.05 | 0.21 |
图6 冬季增温、减雪及其互作影响土壤微生物群落、酶活性及养分有效性的潜在途径。SOC, 土壤有机碳; TN, 土壤全氮。图中红色粗箭头代表该指标含量或频率的变化。
Fig. 6 Potential influencing paths of soil warming, snow reduction and interactions between the above two treatments on soil microbial community, enzyme activity, and nutrient availability. SOC, soil organic carbon; TN, soil total nitrogen. The thick red arrow in the figure represents the change in the content or frequency of the index.
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