植物体内水分长距离运输的生理生态学机制

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物体内长距离水分运输是植物生理生态学研究中的一个重要问题,长期为植物生理学家和生理生态学家所关注。木质部探针技术的问世,掀起了近年来植物生理学界最为激烈的一场争论。提出了已经有100多年,风行40年的内聚力-张力(Cohesion-Tension, C-T)学说受到质疑。随后维护派和质疑派围绕木质部探针技术、压力室技术(C-T理论的主要支撑实验技术)的可靠性展开辩论。进一步从物理学原理和各种实验上就C-T理论的3个支柱(木质部导管或管胞中巨大的张力、沿树高的压力梯度、连续水柱)进行争论。这场争论似暂告一段落,C-T理论没有被推翻,但仍留有问题期待以后的研究。

关键词: 内聚力-张力, 木质部探针, 压力室, 水分长距离运输, 木质部空穴化

Abstract:

Long-distance water transport in plants is an important issue in plant physiology and eco-physiology. The recent development of the Xylem Pressure Probe for direct measurement of pressure in individual xylem elements of intact, transpiring plants elicited challenges to the long-standing, widely accepted Cohesion-Tension (C-T) Theory. These challenges instigated debate in the field of plant physiology over mechanisms of long-distance water transport. The challengers and proponents of the C-T theory mutually criticized the Pressure Bomb and the Xylem Pressure Probe technology, and they debated over all three elements of C-T theory (high tension in xylem units; pressure gradients over tree height; the continuous water column in xylem vessels) by reviewing literature and providing physical bases. The debate has cooled down. As a result, the C-T theory has not been discredited while the raised questions in the debate remain mainly unanswered and call for future researches.

Key words: cohesion-tension theory, xylem pressure probe, pressure bomb, long-distance water transport, xylem cavitation

万贤崇, 孟平. 植物体内水分长距离运输的生理生态学机制. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(5): 804-813. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0102

WAN Xian-Chong, Meng Ping. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF LONG-DISTANCE WATER TRANSPORT IN PLANTS: A REVIEW OF RECENT ISSUES. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(5): 804-813. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0102

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I5/804

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