Chin J Plan Ecolo ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 1198-1208.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0116
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ZHU Wan-Rui1, WANG Qi-Tong1, LIU Meng-Ling1, WANG Hua-Tian1,2, WANG Yan-Ping1,2,*(), ZHANG Guang-Can1,2, LI Chuan-Rong1,2
Online:
2015-12-01
Published:
2015-12-31
Contact:
Yan-Ping WANG
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# Co-first authors
ZHU Wan-Rui,WANG Qi-Tong,LIU Meng-Ling,WANG Hua-Tian,WANG Yan-Ping,ZHANG Guang-Can,LI Chuan-Rong. Interactive effects of phenolic acid and nitrogen on morphological traits of poplar (Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’) fine roots[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(12): 1198-1208.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0116
对羟基苯甲酸 p-hydroxybenzoic acid | 香草醛 Vanillin | 阿魏酸 Ferulic acid | 苯甲酸 Benzoic acid | 肉桂酸 Cinnamic acid | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
林地土壤内酚酸含量 Content of phenolic acid in field soil (μg·g-1) | 152.00 | 10.40 | 6.50 | 20.60 | 1.95 | |
土壤酚酸吸附率 Absorption rate of phenolic acid in soil (%) | 61.66 | 93.78 | 89.30 | 37.85 | 94.41 | |
酚酸含量梯度 Gradient of phenolic acid content (μg·mL-1) | 0.5X | 123 | 6 | 4 | 27 | 1 |
1.0X | 247 | 11 | 7 | 54 | 2 |
Table 1 Phenolic acid concentration setting in the treatment solutions
对羟基苯甲酸 p-hydroxybenzoic acid | 香草醛 Vanillin | 阿魏酸 Ferulic acid | 苯甲酸 Benzoic acid | 肉桂酸 Cinnamic acid | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
林地土壤内酚酸含量 Content of phenolic acid in field soil (μg·g-1) | 152.00 | 10.40 | 6.50 | 20.60 | 1.95 | |
土壤酚酸吸附率 Absorption rate of phenolic acid in soil (%) | 61.66 | 93.78 | 89.30 | 37.85 | 94.41 | |
酚酸含量梯度 Gradient of phenolic acid content (μg·mL-1) | 0.5X | 123 | 6 | 4 | 27 | 1 |
1.0X | 247 | 11 | 7 | 54 | 2 |
根序 Root order | 氮素水平 Nitrogen level (mmol·L-1) | 根长度 Total root length (cm) | 根表面积 Total root surface area (cm2) | 根体积 Total root volume (cm3) | 平均直径 Average diameter (mm) | 根干质量 Root dry mass (g) | 比根长 Specific root length (m·g-1) | 根组织密度 Root tissue density (g·cm-3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 534.51 ± 58.78a | 28.93 ± 2.11a | 0.13 ± 0.005a | 0.17 ± 0.064a | 0.013 ± 0.000a | 323.00 ± 12.66a | 0.114 ± 0.010ab |
10 | 822.03 ± 65.15b | 55.41 ± 9.47b | 0.41 ± 0.007b | 0.23 ± 0.013b | 0.028 ± 0.002b | 287.53 ± 4.28b | 0.091 ± 0.015a | |
20 | 389.77 ± 48.70a | 23.55 ± 2.28a | 0.12 ± 0.011a | 0.18 ± 0.025a | 0.014 ± 0.002a | 246.51 ± 37.71b | 0.146 ± 0.001b | |
2 | 0 | 716.81 ± 49.22a | 42.01 ± 2.90a | 0.19 ± 0.013a | 0.19 ± 0.001a | 0.023 ± 0.003a | 269.07 ± 36.03a | 0.113 ± 0.003a |
10 | 871.82 ± 15.89a | 72.59 ± 3.10b | 0.26 ± 0.017b | 0.25 ± 0.011b | 0.042 ± 0.002b | 228.89 ± 18.80ab | 0.085 ± 0.001b | |
20 | 428.53 ± 61.70b | 39.30 ± 1.34a | 0.23 ± 0.008ab | 0.21 ± 0.006a | 0.023 ± 0.001a | 185.39 ± 10.71b | 0.108 ± 0.001a | |
3 | 0 | 249.26 ± 19.75a | 16.37 ± 0.22a | 0.10 ± 0.007a | 0.24 ± 0.016a | 0.013 ± 0.001a | 184.68 ± 22.25a | 0.104 ± 0.004a |
10 | 462.39 ± 52.25b | 28.30 ± 3.85b | 0.22 ± 0.014b | 0.30 ± 0.037a | 0.026 ± 0.000b | 146.59 ± 11.16ab | 0.118 ± 0.006ab | |
20 | 179.04 ± 16.34a | 16.42 ± 1.27a | 0.14 ± 0.026a | 0.29 ± 0.003a | 0.017 ± 0.002a | 111.33 ± 2.83b | 0.129 ± 0.005b | |
4 | 0 | 38.28 ± 4.84a | 4.39 ± 0.30a | 0.06 ± 0.002a | 0.32 ± 0.016a | 0.006 ± 0.000a | 75.49 ± 7.93a | 0.108 ± 0.002a |
10 | 43.26 ± 4.42b | 5.62 ± 0.47ab | 0.07 ± 0.009b | 0.42 ± 0.037a | 0.008 ± 0.003a | 63.54 ± 5.19b | 0.122 ± 0.005a | |
20 | 39.29 ± 4.19b | 4.52 ± 0.91b | 0.04 ± 0.011a | 0.39 ± 0.016a | 0.005 ± 0.002a | 60.92 ± 1.38b | 0.130 ± 0.003a | |
5 | 0 | 32.85 ± 1.14a | 7.41 ± 0.44a | 0.17 ± 0.024a | 0.74 ± 0.018a | 0.032 ± 0.001a | 12.58 ± 1.83a | 0.155 ± 0.004a |
10 | 48.15 ± 4.71a | 13.85 ± 1.63a | 0.47 ± 0.046a | 1.03 ± 0.056a | 0.043 ± 0.003a | 9.85 ± 1.06b | 0.114 ± 0.284a | |
20 | 28.24 ± 11.61a | 7.74 ± 4.25a | 0.17 ± 0.118a | 0.74 ± 0.136a | 0.024 ± 0.016a | 8.69 ± 0.49b | 0.140 ± 0.003a |
Table 2 The response of morphological traits of different order fine roots to the nitrogen treatments
根序 Root order | 氮素水平 Nitrogen level (mmol·L-1) | 根长度 Total root length (cm) | 根表面积 Total root surface area (cm2) | 根体积 Total root volume (cm3) | 平均直径 Average diameter (mm) | 根干质量 Root dry mass (g) | 比根长 Specific root length (m·g-1) | 根组织密度 Root tissue density (g·cm-3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 534.51 ± 58.78a | 28.93 ± 2.11a | 0.13 ± 0.005a | 0.17 ± 0.064a | 0.013 ± 0.000a | 323.00 ± 12.66a | 0.114 ± 0.010ab |
10 | 822.03 ± 65.15b | 55.41 ± 9.47b | 0.41 ± 0.007b | 0.23 ± 0.013b | 0.028 ± 0.002b | 287.53 ± 4.28b | 0.091 ± 0.015a | |
20 | 389.77 ± 48.70a | 23.55 ± 2.28a | 0.12 ± 0.011a | 0.18 ± 0.025a | 0.014 ± 0.002a | 246.51 ± 37.71b | 0.146 ± 0.001b | |
2 | 0 | 716.81 ± 49.22a | 42.01 ± 2.90a | 0.19 ± 0.013a | 0.19 ± 0.001a | 0.023 ± 0.003a | 269.07 ± 36.03a | 0.113 ± 0.003a |
10 | 871.82 ± 15.89a | 72.59 ± 3.10b | 0.26 ± 0.017b | 0.25 ± 0.011b | 0.042 ± 0.002b | 228.89 ± 18.80ab | 0.085 ± 0.001b | |
20 | 428.53 ± 61.70b | 39.30 ± 1.34a | 0.23 ± 0.008ab | 0.21 ± 0.006a | 0.023 ± 0.001a | 185.39 ± 10.71b | 0.108 ± 0.001a | |
3 | 0 | 249.26 ± 19.75a | 16.37 ± 0.22a | 0.10 ± 0.007a | 0.24 ± 0.016a | 0.013 ± 0.001a | 184.68 ± 22.25a | 0.104 ± 0.004a |
10 | 462.39 ± 52.25b | 28.30 ± 3.85b | 0.22 ± 0.014b | 0.30 ± 0.037a | 0.026 ± 0.000b | 146.59 ± 11.16ab | 0.118 ± 0.006ab | |
20 | 179.04 ± 16.34a | 16.42 ± 1.27a | 0.14 ± 0.026a | 0.29 ± 0.003a | 0.017 ± 0.002a | 111.33 ± 2.83b | 0.129 ± 0.005b | |
4 | 0 | 38.28 ± 4.84a | 4.39 ± 0.30a | 0.06 ± 0.002a | 0.32 ± 0.016a | 0.006 ± 0.000a | 75.49 ± 7.93a | 0.108 ± 0.002a |
10 | 43.26 ± 4.42b | 5.62 ± 0.47ab | 0.07 ± 0.009b | 0.42 ± 0.037a | 0.008 ± 0.003a | 63.54 ± 5.19b | 0.122 ± 0.005a | |
20 | 39.29 ± 4.19b | 4.52 ± 0.91b | 0.04 ± 0.011a | 0.39 ± 0.016a | 0.005 ± 0.002a | 60.92 ± 1.38b | 0.130 ± 0.003a | |
5 | 0 | 32.85 ± 1.14a | 7.41 ± 0.44a | 0.17 ± 0.024a | 0.74 ± 0.018a | 0.032 ± 0.001a | 12.58 ± 1.83a | 0.155 ± 0.004a |
10 | 48.15 ± 4.71a | 13.85 ± 1.63a | 0.47 ± 0.046a | 1.03 ± 0.056a | 0.043 ± 0.003a | 9.85 ± 1.06b | 0.114 ± 0.284a | |
20 | 28.24 ± 11.61a | 7.74 ± 4.25a | 0.17 ± 0.118a | 0.74 ± 0.136a | 0.024 ± 0.016a | 8.69 ± 0.49b | 0.140 ± 0.003a |
Fig. 1 The fine root morphological characteristics in the interaction of phenolic acid and nitrogen treatments (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters and capital letters represent significant difference among three nitrogen treatments under 0.5X and 1.0X phenolic acids respectively (p < 0.05), here X represents the contents of phenolic acids in the soil of poplar plantation. Three symbols, +, * and #, represent significant difference between two treatments of phenolic acids under nitrogen deficiency (0 mmol·L-1), normal nitrogen (10 mmol·L-1) and high nitrogen (20 mmol·L-1), respectively.
Fig. 2 The dry mass, specific root length and root tissue density of different fine root orders under the interaction of phenolic acid and nitrogen conditions (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters and capital letters represent significant difference among three nitrogen treatments under 0.5X and 1.0X phenolic acids respectively (p < 0.05), here X represents the contents of phenolic acids in the soil of poplar plantation. Three symbols, +, * and #, represent significant difference between two treatments of phenolic acids under nitrogen deficiency (0 mmol·L-1), normal nitrogen (10 mmol·L-1) and high nitrogen (20 mmol·L-1), respectively.
根序 Root order | 处理 Treatment | 根长度 Total root Length (cm) | 根表面积 Total root surface area (cm2) | 根体积 Total root volume (cm3) | 根平均直径 Average diameter of root (mm) | 根干质量 Root dry mass (g) | 比根长 Specific root length (m·g-1) | 根组织密度 Root tissue density (g·cm-3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1级 First order | pN | 0.002* | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.009* | 0.018* | 0.001* |
pT | 0.116ns | 0.559ns | 0.295ns | 0.201ns | 0.023* | 0.048* | 0.667ns | |
p(N×T) | 0.300ns | 0.394ns | 0.003* | 0.867ns | 0.067ns | 0.852ns | 0.008* | |
2级 Second order | pN | 0.005* | 0.015* | 0.071ns | 0.001* | 0.001* | 0.000* | 0.009* |
pT | 0.041* | 0.054ns | 0.569ns | 0.083ns | 0.002* | 0.715ns | 0.164ns | |
p(N×T) | 0.015* | 0.028* | 0.557ns | 0.424ns | 0.001* | 0.853ns | 0.011* | |
3级 Third order | pN | 0.039* | 0.014* | 0.080ns | 0.003* | 0.017* | 0.000* | 0.000* |
pT | 0.481ns | 0.011* | 0.046* | 0.164ns | 0.035* | 0.366ns | 0.931ns | |
p(N×T) | 0.004* | 0.012* | 0.086ns | 0.923ns | 0.118ns | 0.494ns | 0.023* | |
4级 Forth order | pN | 0.001* | 0.021* | 0.503ns | 0.001* | 0.097ns | 0.000* | 0.052ns |
pT | 0.066ns | 0.764ns | 0.406ns | 0.066ns | 0.379ns | 0.409ns | 0.521ns | |
p(N×T) | 0.220ns | 0.926ns | 0.070ns | 0.220ns | 0.121ns | 0.634ns | 0.819ns | |
5级 Fifth order | pN | 0.005* | 0.048* | 0.012* | 0.067ns | 0.108ns | 0.002* | 0.222ns |
pT | 0.631ns | 0.238ns | 0.111ns | 0.453ns | 0.163ns | 0.092ns | 0.876ns | |
p(N×T) | 0.760ns | 0.824ns | 0.552ns | 0.129ns | 0.884ns | 0.124ns | 0.569ns |
Table 3 The interaction effect of phenolic acid and nitrogen on morphological traits of poplar fine roots
根序 Root order | 处理 Treatment | 根长度 Total root Length (cm) | 根表面积 Total root surface area (cm2) | 根体积 Total root volume (cm3) | 根平均直径 Average diameter of root (mm) | 根干质量 Root dry mass (g) | 比根长 Specific root length (m·g-1) | 根组织密度 Root tissue density (g·cm-3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1级 First order | pN | 0.002* | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.000* | 0.009* | 0.018* | 0.001* |
pT | 0.116ns | 0.559ns | 0.295ns | 0.201ns | 0.023* | 0.048* | 0.667ns | |
p(N×T) | 0.300ns | 0.394ns | 0.003* | 0.867ns | 0.067ns | 0.852ns | 0.008* | |
2级 Second order | pN | 0.005* | 0.015* | 0.071ns | 0.001* | 0.001* | 0.000* | 0.009* |
pT | 0.041* | 0.054ns | 0.569ns | 0.083ns | 0.002* | 0.715ns | 0.164ns | |
p(N×T) | 0.015* | 0.028* | 0.557ns | 0.424ns | 0.001* | 0.853ns | 0.011* | |
3级 Third order | pN | 0.039* | 0.014* | 0.080ns | 0.003* | 0.017* | 0.000* | 0.000* |
pT | 0.481ns | 0.011* | 0.046* | 0.164ns | 0.035* | 0.366ns | 0.931ns | |
p(N×T) | 0.004* | 0.012* | 0.086ns | 0.923ns | 0.118ns | 0.494ns | 0.023* | |
4级 Forth order | pN | 0.001* | 0.021* | 0.503ns | 0.001* | 0.097ns | 0.000* | 0.052ns |
pT | 0.066ns | 0.764ns | 0.406ns | 0.066ns | 0.379ns | 0.409ns | 0.521ns | |
p(N×T) | 0.220ns | 0.926ns | 0.070ns | 0.220ns | 0.121ns | 0.634ns | 0.819ns | |
5级 Fifth order | pN | 0.005* | 0.048* | 0.012* | 0.067ns | 0.108ns | 0.002* | 0.222ns |
pT | 0.631ns | 0.238ns | 0.111ns | 0.453ns | 0.163ns | 0.092ns | 0.876ns | |
p(N×T) | 0.760ns | 0.824ns | 0.552ns | 0.129ns | 0.884ns | 0.124ns | 0.569ns |
细根形态指标 Morphological traits of fine root | 主成分 Principal component | |
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
根长 Total root length | 0.872 | 0.421 |
根表面积 Total root surface area | 0.912 | 0.542 |
根体积 Total root volume | 0.239 | 0.916 |
根直径 Average diameter of root | -0.805 | 0.246 |
根干质量 Root dry mass | 0.000 | 0.952 |
比根长 Specific root length | 0.956 | 0.069 |
根组织密度 Root tissue density | -0.655 | -0.330 |
Table 4 Component matrix of fine root growth indices
细根形态指标 Morphological traits of fine root | 主成分 Principal component | |
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
根长 Total root length | 0.872 | 0.421 |
根表面积 Total root surface area | 0.912 | 0.542 |
根体积 Total root volume | 0.239 | 0.916 |
根直径 Average diameter of root | -0.805 | 0.246 |
根干质量 Root dry mass | 0.000 | 0.952 |
比根长 Specific root length | 0.956 | 0.069 |
根组织密度 Root tissue density | -0.655 | -0.330 |
Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis (RDA) on the effects of phenolic acids and nitrogen on morphological traits of poplar fine roots. Real vectors represent environmental factors (phenolic acids and nitrogen), and dotted vectors represent morphological traits of poplar fine roots (the same indices with Table 2). The longer vector is the more important the environmental effects. The correlation between the variables is illustrated by the angle between two vectors. Vectors pointing in nearly the same direction indicate a high positive correlation, vectors pointing in opposite directions have a high negative correlation, and vectors crossing at right angles are related to a near zero correlation.
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[2] | Hua-Jun YIN, Zi-Liang ZHANG, Qing LIU. Root exudates and their ecological consequences in forest ecosystems: Problems and perspective [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(11): 1055-1070. |
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