Characteristics and partitioning of ozone dry deposition measured by eddy-covariance technology in a winter wheat field

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0287

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Anthropogenic pollutants cause an increase in ground-level ozone concentration, which is a known threat to plant growth and yield and has been extensively observed worldwide. Since ozone is only slightly soluble in water, it is deposited mainly through dry deposition in terrestrial ecosystem. The object of this study was to analyze the characteristics of ozone dry deposition and to estimate the contribution of stomatal and non-stomatal ozone deposition pathways to total ozone deposition in a winter wheat field.Methods The research site was a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) field located in Yongfeng experimental station of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology. The data used in this study were collected from March 16, 2016 to May 30, 2016. We observed ozone dry deposition with an eddy-covariance system. This system mainly included a 3D sonic anemometer, an open-path infrared absorption spectrometer, a fast-response ozone chemiluminescent analyzer and a slow-response ozone monitor. We simultaneously measured meteorological data including solar radiation (SR), air temperature (T), air relativity humidity (RH), wind speed, net radiation, and rainfall. All raw data were recorded with data-logger and averaged every 30 min.Important findings Half hourly means of ozone concentrations (C_O3), ozone flux (F_O3) and ozone dry deposition velocity (V_d) in the winter wheat field were 32.9 nL·L^-1, -5.09 nmol·m^-2·s^-1, 0.39 cm·s^-1, and the ranges of them were 16-58 nL·L^-1, -2.9- -11.7 nmol·m^-2·s^-1, 0.17-0.63 cm·s^-1, respectively. F_O3 and C_O3/V_d were found to be mismatched with phase peaks occurring at different time intervals. The ecosystem was more effective on ozone dry deposition, under conditions of moderate to high SR (SR ≥ 400 W·m^-2), moderate T and humility (T = 18 °C and RH > 40%). The relationship between V_dmax and SR was this function (y = 1.06 -exp (-0.0094 - x)). V_dmaxincreased with SR When SR < 400 W·m^-2, and V_dmax reached its maximum when SR =400 W·m^-2. V_dmax maintained its maximum when SR ≥ 400 W·m^-2. The relationship between V_dmax and T was “bell” curve (y = 1.06 - (x - 18)²/169). V_dmax reached its maximum when T = 18 °C. V_dmax decreased with RH when RH < 40 % (y = 0.030x - 0.106). The variation of V_dmight uncertainty when RH was high. There was a liner positive relationship between friction velocity (u*) and V_d, but this relationship was not significant. The mean day-to-day and daytime contributions of stomatal and non-stomatal ozone deposition pathway to total ozone deposition were 32%, 68% and 42%, 58%, respectively, during the whole experimental period.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201706008

Key words: eddy-covariance technology, ozone dry deposition, ozone flux, winter wheat field, stomatal ozone deposition pathway, non-stomatal ozone deposition pathway

Jing-Xin XU, You-Fei ZHENG, Bo-Ru MAI, Hui ZHAO, Zhong-Fang CHU, Ji-Qing HUANG, Yue YUAN. Characteristics and partitioning of ozone dry deposition measured by eddy-covariance technology in a winter wheat field[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(6): 670-682.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0287

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2017/V41/I6/670

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Scheme of ozone dry deposition system. 1, 3D sonic anemometer; 2, 3, gas sampling head; 4, 5, Teflon pipe; 6, 7, 8, 3-way valve; 9, pressure sensor; 10, fast-response ozone chemiluminescent analyzer; 11, flow controller; 12, buffer bottle; 13, auxiliary sampling pump; 14, slow-response (ultraviolet absorption) ozone monitor; 15, 4 L sampling pump; 16, data collection system.

Fig. 2 Relationship between (sensible heat flux (H) + latent heat flux (LE)) and (net radiation flux (Rn)-soil heat flux (G)) of the Yongfeng site.

Fig. 3 Half hourly arithmetic means of solar radiation (SR), air temperature (T), air relative humility (RH), ozone concentration (CO3), ozone flux (FO3), ozone dry deposition velocity (Vd) and friction velocity (u*) during the whole experimental period.

Fig. 4 Boundary-line (A, B, C) and linear (D) analysis of relationships between solar radiation (SR)(A), air temperature (T)(B), air relative humility (RH)(C), friction velocity (u*)(D) and ozone dry deposition velocity (Vd) during the whole experimental period (including daytime and nighttime).

Fig. 6 Canopy stomatal conductance for ozone estimated by the Penman-Monteith equation (Gsto1) vs gross primary production (GPP) when RH < 60%.

Fig. 7 Time series of canopy stomatal conductance for ozone (Gsto) and leaf area index (LAI) during the whole experimental period.

Fig. 8 Day-to-day contribution of different ozone dry deposition pathways to total ozone deposition and the rainfall during the whole experimental period.

Fig. 9 Daily contribution of different ozone dry deposition pathways to total ozone deposition.

Table 1 Comparison of measurements by gradient and eddy-covariance technique

观测方法 Measurement method	下垫面 Underlying surface	观测时间 Observation time	气象因子 Meteorlogical factor		O₃干沉降数据 Ozone dry deposition data
观测方法 Measurement method	下垫面 Underlying surface	观测时间 Observation time	SR (W·m^-2)	RH (%)	F_O3(nmol·m^-2·s^-1)	V_d(cm·s^-1)
梯度法 Gradient	冬小麦 Winter wheat	2013年4-5月 April-May, 2013	267	56	-7.29	0.55
涡度相关法 Eddy-covariance	冬小麦 Winter wheat	2016年3-5月 March-May, 2016	165.9	61.70	-5.09	0.39

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