Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 1193-1210.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0445
Special Issue: 生物多样性
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YANG Ming-Wei, JIN Xiao-Fang*()
Received:
2022-11-04
Accepted:
2023-03-01
Online:
2023-09-20
Published:
2023-09-28
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* JIN Xiao-Fang(Supported by:
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YANG Ming-Wei, JIN Xiao-Fang. Diversity and evolutionary ecology of nectar spurs in angiosperms[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(9): 1193-1210.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0445
Fig. 1 Diversity of nectar spurs in angiosperms. A, Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae). B, Epimedium franchetii (Berberidaceae). C, Aconitum piepunense (Ranunculaceae). D, Aquilegia yabeana (Ranunculaceae). E, Viola prionantha (Violaceae). F, Corydalis benecincta (Papaveraceae). G, Halenia elliptica var. grandiflora (Gentianaceae). H, Linaria maroccana (Plantaginaceae). I, Utricularia aurea (Lentibulariaceae). J, Impatiens sp. (Balsaminaceae). K, Tricyrtis macropoda (Liliaceae). L, Tropaeolum majus (Tropaeolaceae). A-F are petal spurs, G-I are corolla spurs, J is sepal spur, K is tepal spur, and L is hypanthium spur. The white arrows indicate the various forms of the nectar spurs. Photoed by JIN Xiao-Fang.
Fig. 2 Nectar spur formed by petal rolling (Aconitum, Delphinium) and hypanthium spur. A, Petal spur of A. piepunense. B, Petal spur of D. yuanum (encased in calyx spur). C, Hypanthium spur of Tropaeolum majus. NS, nectar spur; P, petal; S, sepal. Photoed by JIN Xiao-Fang.
Fig. 3 Distribution of nectar spur types across angiosperm orders. The phylogeny of angiosperm orders is drawn according to the Angiosperm phylogeny poster (APP)—Flowering plant systematics, 2019 (Cole et al., 2019). The red parts of the line diagrams show the location of the nectar spurs. Coefficient of variation of spur length and sample size are enclosed in parentheses for plant families and nectar spur types. The log values (mean ± SD) of spur length for 17 families and 6 types of nectar spur are shown in the two box plots.
标准差 Standard deviation | 平均值 Average value | 数据量 Amount of data | 传粉者属数 Genus number of pollinators | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | |
蜜距类型 Type of nectar spur | 0.781 | 0.067 | 0.563 | 0.245 | 0.542 | 0.266 | 0.413 | 0.416 |
科 Family | 0.889 | <0.001 | 0.502 | 0.034 | 0.716 | <0.001 | 0.752 | <0.001 |
属 Genus | 0.699 | <0.001 | 0.371 | 0.107 | 0.099 | 0.679 | -0.079 | 0.808 |
Table 2 Statistical results of correlation analysis between the coefficient of variation of nectar spur length with other characteristics
标准差 Standard deviation | 平均值 Average value | 数据量 Amount of data | 传粉者属数 Genus number of pollinators | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | |
蜜距类型 Type of nectar spur | 0.781 | 0.067 | 0.563 | 0.245 | 0.542 | 0.266 | 0.413 | 0.416 |
科 Family | 0.889 | <0.001 | 0.502 | 0.034 | 0.716 | <0.001 | 0.752 | <0.001 |
属 Genus | 0.699 | <0.001 | 0.371 | 0.107 | 0.099 | 0.679 | -0.079 | 0.808 |
Fig. 4 Pollinators and nectar robbers of some plants with nectar spurs. A, Bombus secures visiting Delphinium yuanum. B, Solitary bee visiting Epimedium pubescens. C, Anthophoridae bee visiting Corydalis incisa. D, Bombus sp. visiting Halenia elliptica. E, Bombus sp. visiting Impatiens compta. F, Anthophoridae bee visiting Linaria maroccana. G, Anthophoridae bee robbing nectar of Corydalis sheareri. H, Xylocopa appendiculata robbing nectar of Impatiens balsamina. Photoed by JIN Xiao-Fang.
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[1] | ZHANG Yan-Wen, WANG Yong, GUO You-Hao. THE EFFECTS OF NECTAR ROBBING ON PLANT REPRODUCTION AND EVOLUTION [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2006, 30(4): 695-702. |
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