Abstract: The Lower Liaohe Plain is an important grain-producing area in Liaoning, and the Shenyang National Field Scientific Observatory of Agricultural Ecosystems in Liaoning (hereinafter referred to as the Shenyang Station) is located in the center of the Lower Liaohe Plain, which is at the crossroads of two sample zones of the East-West Moisture Driver and the North-South Heat Driver of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) in China. Shenyang Station is located in the center of the Lower Liaohe Plain, at the crossroads of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) east-west moisture driver and the north-south heat driver in China.Therefore, the long-term observation data of farmland at Shenyang Station can well represent the traits of the main crops in farmland in the region, which is of great significance in guiding the agricultural production in the region, and at the same time provide data reference for national food security.Since 1998, the Shenyang Station has established 10 biological long-term monitoring sample plots in farmland ecosystems to carry out continuous observation of biological indicators such as crop growth dynamics, harvest traits and yields, as well as soil, water and atmospheric environmental elements, accumulating a large amount of continuous observation data.This dataset is derived from the continuous observation data of crop harvest traits and yields from 2005 to 2015 in 10 farmland long-term observation sample plots at Shenyang Station, and consists of eight parts, namely, the table of crop rotation system, the table of major pesticides, herbicides and other uses, the table of farmland irrigation system, the table of plant traits at the harvest time of rice, the table of plant traits at the harvest time of corn, the table of plant traits at the harvest time of soybeans, the table of crop harvest traits and yield measurement, and the worksheet of fertilizer inputs of the sample plots. Yield Measurement Sheet and Fertilizer Inputs in Sample Plots Worksheet. The long-term observation of the station was carried out in strict accordance with the observation specifications of the China Ecosystem Research Network (hereinafter referred to as “CERN”), and quality control was carried out in the whole process, from the preparation of the survey to the process of the survey, as well as the data sorting and recording after the completion of the survey, in order to ensure that the data were relatively accurate and reliable. This dataset provides a data set of harvest-time traits and yield dynamics of major crops in farmland in the Lower Liaohe Plain, which can be used to assess inter-annual yield fluctuations and provide scientific guidance and decision-making basis for optimizing the regional agricultural planting structure and realizing high and stable yields of major crops in the region, so as to provide a strong guarantee for the national food security.

Key words: crop yield, Harvest time traits, biomass, long-term position monitoring