Correlation between ginsenoside contents in Panax ginseng roots and ecological factors, and ecological division of ginseng plantation in China

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00302

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Roots of Panax ginseng are a rare and famous Chinese medicine, in which the total ginsenosides are responsible for biological activities. Due to reduction of the wild resource, it is necessary to artificially cultivate P. ginseng in appropriate agricultural lands. Our objective is to explore suitable planting regions by analyzing the correlation between ginsenoside contents and ecological factors in various agricultural lands.
Methods Three ginsenoside (Rg1, Re and Rb1) contents in roots of five-years-old cultivated P. ginseng from Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Ten ecological factors including temperature, moisture and light at 16 planting sites in China were obtained from the ecological suitability database of the Geographic Information System for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM-GIS). They were evaluated by factor analysis to determine the suitable growing regions for P. ginseng. The assessment showed that planting bases in Jilin and Liaoning provinces were the best option for P. ginseng development. Ecological division of the three ginsenosides was assessed according to the results of factor analysis. The regression equation of ten ecological factors and ginsenoside contents was established by partial least-squares regression. Ecological divisions of P. ginseng agricultural lands in China were then classified.
Important findings There was a significant negative correlation between total ginsenoside contents and various temperature parameters, such as active accumulated temperature, mean annual temperature, average temperature in July and average temperature in January, indicating that low temperature is a key factor for accumulation of ginsenosides. Also, ginsenoside contents had weak correlations with moisture factors (e.g., relative humidity and average annual precipitation), geographical factor (e.g., altitude) and light (e.g., annual average sunshine hours). The results of ecological division showed that the best agricultural lands for P. ginseng were large areas of Changbai Mountains, part of Taihang Mountains and Yanshan Mountains.

Key words: ecological division, factor analysis, partial least-squares regression, variable importance in projection, weight coefficient

JIA Guang-Lin,HUANG Lin-Fang,SUO Feng-Mei,SONG Jing-Yuan,XIE Cai-Xiang,SUN Juan. Correlation between ginsenoside contents in Panax ginseng roots and ecological factors, and ecological division of ginseng plantation in China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(4): 302-312.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00302

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2012/V36/I4/302

Figures/Tables 7

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序号 Number	人参种植基地 Panax ginseng planting bases	海拔 Elevation (m)	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
1	辽宁省清源县1 Qingyuan County 1, Liaoning Province	420	124°55′08″ E	41°54′41″ N
2	辽宁省清源县2 Qingyuan County 2, Liaoning Province	464	124°54′47″ E	41°53′30″ N
3	辽宁省宽甸县 Kuandian County, Liaoning Province	324	125°24′07″ E	40°47′31″ N
4	辽宁省桓仁县 Huanren County, Liaoning Province	649	125°26′17″ E	41°22′23″ N
5	辽宁省新宾县 Xinbin County, Liaoning Province	523	125°02′13″ E	41°29′33″ N
6	吉林省通化县 Tonghua County, Jilin Province	547	125°30′19″ E	41°33′10″ N
7	吉林省集安市1 Ji’an City 1, Jilin Province	560	125°54′55″ E	41°30′39″ N
8	吉林省集安市2 Ji’an City 2, Jilin Province	452	126°02′18″ E	41°03′20″ N
9	吉林省抚松县 Fusong County, Jilin Province	631	127°17′50″ E	42°29′38″ N
10	吉林省长白县 Changbai County, Jilin Province	938	127°33′09″ E	41°35′32″ N
11	吉林省靖宇县 Jingyu County, Jilin Province	610	126°55′22″ E	42°12′41″ N
12	吉林省安图县 Antu County, Jilin Province	667	126°22′30″ E	42°53′45″ N
13	吉林省敦化市 Dunhua City, Jilin Province	525	127°50′14″ E	43°22′07″ N
14	吉林省珲春市 Hunchun City, Jilin Province	600	129°50′14″ E	43°09′00″ N
15	吉林省汪清县 Wangqing County, Jilin Province	385	129°33′35″ E	43°35′20″ N
16	黑龙江省宁安市 Ning’an City, Heilongjiang Province	586	129°34′20″ E	44°07′57″ N

序号 Number	人参种植基地 Panax ginseng planting bases	海拔 Elevation (m)	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
1	辽宁省清源县1 Qingyuan County 1, Liaoning Province	420	124°55′08″ E	41°54′41″ N
2	辽宁省清源县2 Qingyuan County 2, Liaoning Province	464	124°54′47″ E	41°53′30″ N
3	辽宁省宽甸县 Kuandian County, Liaoning Province	324	125°24′07″ E	40°47′31″ N
4	辽宁省桓仁县 Huanren County, Liaoning Province	649	125°26′17″ E	41°22′23″ N
5	辽宁省新宾县 Xinbin County, Liaoning Province	523	125°02′13″ E	41°29′33″ N
6	吉林省通化县 Tonghua County, Jilin Province	547	125°30′19″ E	41°33′10″ N
7	吉林省集安市1 Ji’an City 1, Jilin Province	560	125°54′55″ E	41°30′39″ N
8	吉林省集安市2 Ji’an City 2, Jilin Province	452	126°02′18″ E	41°03′20″ N
9	吉林省抚松县 Fusong County, Jilin Province	631	127°17′50″ E	42°29′38″ N
10	吉林省长白县 Changbai County, Jilin Province	938	127°33′09″ E	41°35′32″ N
11	吉林省靖宇县 Jingyu County, Jilin Province	610	126°55′22″ E	42°12′41″ N
12	吉林省安图县 Antu County, Jilin Province	667	126°22′30″ E	42°53′45″ N
13	吉林省敦化市 Dunhua City, Jilin Province	525	127°50′14″ E	43°22′07″ N
14	吉林省珲春市 Hunchun City, Jilin Province	600	129°50′14″ E	43°09′00″ N
15	吉林省汪清县 Wangqing County, Jilin Province	385	129°33′35″ E	43°35′20″ N
16	黑龙江省宁安市 Ning’an City, Heilongjiang Province	586	129°34′20″ E	44°07′57″ N

公因子 Common factor	活动积温Active accumulative temperature	年平均气温 Average annual air temperature	海拔 Eleva- tion	相对湿度 Relative humidity	年日照时数 Annual sunshine time	年降水量 Annual precipitation	7月最高气温Maximum air temperature in July	7月平均气温 Average air temperature in July	1月最低气温Minimum air temperature in January	1月平均气温 Average air temperature in January	方差贡献率 variance contribution (%)	因子名称 Factor name
F₁	0.836	0.966	-0.472	-0.519	-0.524	-0.505	0.874	0.913	0.950	0.958	60.70	热量因子 Heat factor
F₂	0.032	0.154	0.018	0.773	-0.170	0.769	-0.201	-0.066	-0.060	0.071	12.96	水分因子 Water factor
F₃	0.102	-0.097	0.795	-0.266	-0.207	0.351	-0.287	-0.249	0.047	0.073	10.40	地理因子 Geographical factor
F₄	0.099	0.010	-0.174	-0.141	0.793	-0.035	-0.177	-0.061	-0.077	-0.041	7.33	光照因子 Light factor

公因子 Common factor	活动积温Active accumulative temperature	年平均气温 Average annual air temperature	海拔 Eleva- tion	相对湿度 Relative humidity	年日照时数 Annual sunshine time	年降水量 Annual precipitation	7月最高气温Maximum air temperature in July	7月平均气温 Average air temperature in July	1月最低气温Minimum air temperature in January	1月平均气温 Average air temperature in January	方差贡献率 variance contribution (%)	因子名称 Factor name
F₁	0.836	0.966	-0.472	-0.519	-0.524	-0.505	0.874	0.913	0.950	0.958	60.70	热量因子 Heat factor
F₂	0.032	0.154	0.018	0.773	-0.170	0.769	-0.201	-0.066	-0.060	0.071	12.96	水分因子 Water factor
F₃	0.102	-0.097	0.795	-0.266	-0.207	0.351	-0.287	-0.249	0.047	0.073	10.40	地理因子 Geographical factor
F₄	0.099	0.010	-0.174	-0.141	0.793	-0.035	-0.177	-0.061	-0.077	-0.041	7.33	光照因子 Light factor

排名 Rank	省份 Province	县或市 County or city	得分 Score
1	辽宁 Liaoning	宽甸县 Kuandian County	1.04
2	辽宁 Liaoning	桓仁县 Huanren County	0.74
3	吉林 Jilin	集安市2 Ji’an City 2	0.66
4	吉林 Jilin	通化县 Tonghua County	0.60
5	辽宁 Liaoning	新宾县 Xinbin County	0.58
6	辽宁 Liaoning	清源县1 Qingyuan County 1	0.42
7	吉林 Jilin	集安市1 Ji’an City 1	0.39
8	辽宁 Liaoning	清源县2 Qingyuan County 2	0.35
9	吉林 Jilin	珲春市 Hunchun City	-0.16
10	吉林 Jilin	安图县 Antu County	-0.33
11	吉林 Jilin	长白县 Changbai County	-0.37
12	吉林 Jilin	抚松县 Fusong County	-0.37
13	吉林 Jilin	汪清县 Wangqing County	-0.52
14	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	宁安市 Ning’an City	-0.73
15	吉林 Jilin	靖宇县 Jingyu County	-0.86
16	吉林 Jilin	敦化市 Dunhua City	-1.44