Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2012, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 302-312.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00302
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JIA Guang-Lin1,2,HUANG Lin-Fang2,SUO Feng-Mei2,SONG Jing-Yuan2,XIE Cai-Xiang2,*(),SUN Juan1,*(
)
Received:
2011-10-08
Accepted:
2011-12-14
Online:
2012-10-08
Published:
2012-03-28
Contact:
XIE Cai-Xiang,SUN Juan
JIA Guang-Lin,HUANG Lin-Fang,SUO Feng-Mei,SONG Jing-Yuan,XIE Cai-Xiang,SUN Juan. Correlation between ginsenoside contents in Panax ginseng roots and ecological factors, and ecological division of ginseng plantation in China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(4): 302-312.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00302
序号 Number | 人参种植基地 Panax ginseng planting bases | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 经度 Longitude | 纬度 Latitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 辽宁省清源县1 Qingyuan County 1, Liaoning Province | 420 | 124°55′08″ E | 41°54′41″ N |
2 | 辽宁省清源县2 Qingyuan County 2, Liaoning Province | 464 | 124°54′47″ E | 41°53′30″ N |
3 | 辽宁省宽甸县 Kuandian County, Liaoning Province | 324 | 125°24′07″ E | 40°47′31″ N |
4 | 辽宁省桓仁县 Huanren County, Liaoning Province | 649 | 125°26′17″ E | 41°22′23″ N |
5 | 辽宁省新宾县 Xinbin County, Liaoning Province | 523 | 125°02′13″ E | 41°29′33″ N |
6 | 吉林省通化县 Tonghua County, Jilin Province | 547 | 125°30′19″ E | 41°33′10″ N |
7 | 吉林省集安市1 Ji’an City 1, Jilin Province | 560 | 125°54′55″ E | 41°30′39″ N |
8 | 吉林省集安市2 Ji’an City 2, Jilin Province | 452 | 126°02′18″ E | 41°03′20″ N |
9 | 吉林省抚松县 Fusong County, Jilin Province | 631 | 127°17′50″ E | 42°29′38″ N |
10 | 吉林省长白县 Changbai County, Jilin Province | 938 | 127°33′09″ E | 41°35′32″ N |
11 | 吉林省靖宇县 Jingyu County, Jilin Province | 610 | 126°55′22″ E | 42°12′41″ N |
12 | 吉林省安图县 Antu County, Jilin Province | 667 | 126°22′30″ E | 42°53′45″ N |
13 | 吉林省敦化市 Dunhua City, Jilin Province | 525 | 127°50′14″ E | 43°22′07″ N |
14 | 吉林省珲春市 Hunchun City, Jilin Province | 600 | 129°50′14″ E | 43°09′00″ N |
15 | 吉林省汪清县 Wangqing County, Jilin Province | 385 | 129°33′35″ E | 43°35′20″ N |
16 | 黑龙江省宁安市 Ning’an City, Heilongjiang Province | 586 | 129°34′20″ E | 44°07′57″ N |
Table 1 Geographic information of Panax ginseng planting bases
序号 Number | 人参种植基地 Panax ginseng planting bases | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 经度 Longitude | 纬度 Latitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 辽宁省清源县1 Qingyuan County 1, Liaoning Province | 420 | 124°55′08″ E | 41°54′41″ N |
2 | 辽宁省清源县2 Qingyuan County 2, Liaoning Province | 464 | 124°54′47″ E | 41°53′30″ N |
3 | 辽宁省宽甸县 Kuandian County, Liaoning Province | 324 | 125°24′07″ E | 40°47′31″ N |
4 | 辽宁省桓仁县 Huanren County, Liaoning Province | 649 | 125°26′17″ E | 41°22′23″ N |
5 | 辽宁省新宾县 Xinbin County, Liaoning Province | 523 | 125°02′13″ E | 41°29′33″ N |
6 | 吉林省通化县 Tonghua County, Jilin Province | 547 | 125°30′19″ E | 41°33′10″ N |
7 | 吉林省集安市1 Ji’an City 1, Jilin Province | 560 | 125°54′55″ E | 41°30′39″ N |
8 | 吉林省集安市2 Ji’an City 2, Jilin Province | 452 | 126°02′18″ E | 41°03′20″ N |
9 | 吉林省抚松县 Fusong County, Jilin Province | 631 | 127°17′50″ E | 42°29′38″ N |
10 | 吉林省长白县 Changbai County, Jilin Province | 938 | 127°33′09″ E | 41°35′32″ N |
11 | 吉林省靖宇县 Jingyu County, Jilin Province | 610 | 126°55′22″ E | 42°12′41″ N |
12 | 吉林省安图县 Antu County, Jilin Province | 667 | 126°22′30″ E | 42°53′45″ N |
13 | 吉林省敦化市 Dunhua City, Jilin Province | 525 | 127°50′14″ E | 43°22′07″ N |
14 | 吉林省珲春市 Hunchun City, Jilin Province | 600 | 129°50′14″ E | 43°09′00″ N |
15 | 吉林省汪清县 Wangqing County, Jilin Province | 385 | 129°33′35″ E | 43°35′20″ N |
16 | 黑龙江省宁安市 Ning’an City, Heilongjiang Province | 586 | 129°34′20″ E | 44°07′57″ N |
公因子 Common factor | 活动积温Active accumulative temperature | 年平均 气温 Average annual air temperature | 海拔 Eleva- tion | 相对 湿度 Relative humidity | 年日照 时数 Annual sunshine time | 年降水 量 Annual precipitation | 7月最 高气温Maximum air temperature in July | 7月平均气温 Average air temperature in July | 1月最 低气温Minimum air temperature in January | 1月平均气温 Average air temperature in January | 方差贡献率 variance contribution (%) | 因子名称 Factor name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 0.836 | 0.966 | -0.472 | -0.519 | -0.524 | -0.505 | 0.874 | 0.913 | 0.950 | 0.958 | 60.70 | 热量因子 Heat factor |
F2 | 0.032 | 0.154 | 0.018 | 0.773 | -0.170 | 0.769 | -0.201 | -0.066 | -0.060 | 0.071 | 12.96 | 水分因子 Water factor |
F3 | 0.102 | -0.097 | 0.795 | -0.266 | -0.207 | 0.351 | -0.287 | -0.249 | 0.047 | 0.073 | 10.40 | 地理因子 Geographical factor |
F4 | 0.099 | 0.010 | -0.174 | -0.141 | 0.793 | -0.035 | -0.177 | -0.061 | -0.077 | -0.041 | 7.33 | 光照因子 Light factor |
Table 2 Factors loading and variance contribution rate
公因子 Common factor | 活动积温Active accumulative temperature | 年平均 气温 Average annual air temperature | 海拔 Eleva- tion | 相对 湿度 Relative humidity | 年日照 时数 Annual sunshine time | 年降水 量 Annual precipitation | 7月最 高气温Maximum air temperature in July | 7月平均气温 Average air temperature in July | 1月最 低气温Minimum air temperature in January | 1月平均气温 Average air temperature in January | 方差贡献率 variance contribution (%) | 因子名称 Factor name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 0.836 | 0.966 | -0.472 | -0.519 | -0.524 | -0.505 | 0.874 | 0.913 | 0.950 | 0.958 | 60.70 | 热量因子 Heat factor |
F2 | 0.032 | 0.154 | 0.018 | 0.773 | -0.170 | 0.769 | -0.201 | -0.066 | -0.060 | 0.071 | 12.96 | 水分因子 Water factor |
F3 | 0.102 | -0.097 | 0.795 | -0.266 | -0.207 | 0.351 | -0.287 | -0.249 | 0.047 | 0.073 | 10.40 | 地理因子 Geographical factor |
F4 | 0.099 | 0.010 | -0.174 | -0.141 | 0.793 | -0.035 | -0.177 | -0.061 | -0.077 | -0.041 | 7.33 | 光照因子 Light factor |
排名 Rank | 省份 Province | 县或市 County or city | 得分 Score |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 辽宁 Liaoning | 宽甸县 Kuandian County | 1.04 |
2 | 辽宁 Liaoning | 桓仁县 Huanren County | 0.74 |
3 | 吉林 Jilin | 集安市2 Ji’an City 2 | 0.66 |
4 | 吉林 Jilin | 通化县 Tonghua County | 0.60 |
5 | 辽宁 Liaoning | 新宾县 Xinbin County | 0.58 |
6 | 辽宁 Liaoning | 清源县1 Qingyuan County 1 | 0.42 |
7 | 吉林 Jilin | 集安市1 Ji’an City 1 | 0.39 |
8 | 辽宁 Liaoning | 清源县2 Qingyuan County 2 | 0.35 |
9 | 吉林 Jilin | 珲春市 Hunchun City | -0.16 |
10 | 吉林 Jilin | 安图县 Antu County | -0.33 |
11 | 吉林 Jilin | 长白县 Changbai County | -0.37 |
12 | 吉林 Jilin | 抚松县 Fusong County | -0.37 |
13 | 吉林 Jilin | 汪清县 Wangqing County | -0.52 |
14 | 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 宁安市 Ning’an City | -0.73 |
15 | 吉林 Jilin | 靖宇县 Jingyu County | -0.86 |
16 | 吉林 Jilin | 敦化市 Dunhua City | -1.44 |
Table 3 Scores of ecological factors in different Panax ginseng planting bases
排名 Rank | 省份 Province | 县或市 County or city | 得分 Score |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 辽宁 Liaoning | 宽甸县 Kuandian County | 1.04 |
2 | 辽宁 Liaoning | 桓仁县 Huanren County | 0.74 |
3 | 吉林 Jilin | 集安市2 Ji’an City 2 | 0.66 |
4 | 吉林 Jilin | 通化县 Tonghua County | 0.60 |
5 | 辽宁 Liaoning | 新宾县 Xinbin County | 0.58 |
6 | 辽宁 Liaoning | 清源县1 Qingyuan County 1 | 0.42 |
7 | 吉林 Jilin | 集安市1 Ji’an City 1 | 0.39 |
8 | 辽宁 Liaoning | 清源县2 Qingyuan County 2 | 0.35 |
9 | 吉林 Jilin | 珲春市 Hunchun City | -0.16 |
10 | 吉林 Jilin | 安图县 Antu County | -0.33 |
11 | 吉林 Jilin | 长白县 Changbai County | -0.37 |
12 | 吉林 Jilin | 抚松县 Fusong County | -0.37 |
13 | 吉林 Jilin | 汪清县 Wangqing County | -0.52 |
14 | 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 宁安市 Ning’an City | -0.73 |
15 | 吉林 Jilin | 靖宇县 Jingyu County | -0.86 |
16 | 吉林 Jilin | 敦化市 Dunhua City | -1.44 |
生态因子 Ecological factor | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 1 | 0.753** | -0.300 | -0.380 | -0.408 | 0.412 | 0.699** | 0.745** | 0.728** | 0.713** |
X2 | 1 | -0.487 | -0.354 | -0.478 | 0.581* | 0.878** | 0.940** | 0.878** | 0.917** | |
X3 | 1 | 0.122 | -0.011 | 0.040 | -0.520* | -0.520* | -0.468 | -0.450 | ||
X4 | 1 | 0.098 | 0.212 | -0.473 | -0.416 | -0.562* | -0.491 | |||
X5 | 1 | -0.497* | -0.466 | -0.422 | -0.578* | -0.576* | ||||
X6 | 1 | 0.184 | 0.320 | 0.455 | 0.583* | |||||
X7 | 1 | 0.981** | 0.772** | 0.751** | ||||||
X8 | 0.790** | 0.792** | ||||||||
X9 | 1 | 0.980** | ||||||||
X10 | 1 |
Table 4 Pearson correlation coefficient between ecological factors
生态因子 Ecological factor | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 1 | 0.753** | -0.300 | -0.380 | -0.408 | 0.412 | 0.699** | 0.745** | 0.728** | 0.713** |
X2 | 1 | -0.487 | -0.354 | -0.478 | 0.581* | 0.878** | 0.940** | 0.878** | 0.917** | |
X3 | 1 | 0.122 | -0.011 | 0.040 | -0.520* | -0.520* | -0.468 | -0.450 | ||
X4 | 1 | 0.098 | 0.212 | -0.473 | -0.416 | -0.562* | -0.491 | |||
X5 | 1 | -0.497* | -0.466 | -0.422 | -0.578* | -0.576* | ||||
X6 | 1 | 0.184 | 0.320 | 0.455 | 0.583* | |||||
X7 | 1 | 0.981** | 0.772** | 0.751** | ||||||
X8 | 0.790** | 0.792** | ||||||||
X9 | 1 | 0.980** | ||||||||
X10 | 1 |
Fig. 1 Variable importance in projection values (VIP) (A, B, and C) and weights of ecological factor ((a), (b), and (c)) of three ginsenosides. X1, active accumulative temperature; X2, average annual air temperature; X3, elevation; X4, relative humidity; X5, annual sunshine time; X6, annual precipitation; X7, maximum air temperature in July; X8, average air temperature in July; X9, minimum air temperature in January; X10, average air temperature in January.
人参基地 Panax ginseng planting bases | 活动积温 Active accumulative temperature (℃) | 年平均 气温 Average air annual temperature (℃) | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) | 年日照时数 Average annual sunshine time (h) | 年降水量 Average annual precipitation (mm) | 7月最高气温 Maximum air temperature in July (℃) | 7月平均 气温 Average air temperature in July (℃) | 1月最低 气温 Minimum air temperature in January (℃) | 1月平均 气温 Average air temperature in January (℃) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
辽宁宽甸县 Kuandian County, Liaoning Province | 2 953 | 12.7 | 324 | 690 | 2 290 | 875 | 26.6 | 22.0 | -19.2 | -13.2 |
辽宁桓仁县 Huanren County, Liaoning Province | 2 681 | 12.0 | 649 | 659 | 2 346 | 835 | 26.1 | 21.5 | -20.9 | -14.8 |
吉林集安市2 Ji’an City 2, Jilin Province | 2 671 | 12.5 | 452 | 701 | 2 259 | 871 | 26.6 | 22.0 | -19.8 | -14.2 |
吉林通化县 Tonghua County, Jilin Province | 2 635 | 12.1 | 547 | 672 | 2 349 | 820 | 26.4 | 21.8 | -21.2 | -15.0 |
辽宁新宾县 Xinbin County, Liaoning Province | 2 644 | 11.7 | 523 | 668 | 2 387 | 813 | 25.7 | 21.2 | -21.4 | -15.1 |
辽宁清源县1 Qingyuan County 1, Liaoning Province | 2 638 | 12.1 | 420 | 687 | 2 408 | 763 | 26.4 | 21.9 | -21.5 | -15.4 |
吉林集安市1 Ji’an City 1, Jilin Province | 2 644 | 11.6 | 560 | 686 | 2 325 | 837 | 26.0 | 21.3 | -21.7 | -15.6 |
辽宁清源县2 Qingyuan County 2, Liaoning Province | 2 638 | 11.8 | 464 | 686 | 2 409 | 768 | 26.0 | 21.4 | -21.9 | -15.7 |
吉林珲春市 Hunchun City, Jilin Province | 2 368 | 10.8 | 600 | 654 | 2 326 | 680 | 26.1 | 20.8 | -21.0 | -15.4 |
吉林安图县 Antu County, Jilin Province | 2 607 | 11.2 | 667 | 695 | 2 325 | 712 | 26.8 | 22.0 | -23.9 | -17.6 |
基准值 Reference value | 2 368-2 953 | 10.8-12.7 | 426-871 | 65.4-70.1 | 2 259-2 409 | 680-875 | 26.8 | 20.8-22.0 | -23.9 | -17.6- -13.2 |
Table 5 Ecological factor values of optimum Panax ginseng planting bases
人参基地 Panax ginseng planting bases | 活动积温 Active accumulative temperature (℃) | 年平均 气温 Average air annual temperature (℃) | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) | 年日照时数 Average annual sunshine time (h) | 年降水量 Average annual precipitation (mm) | 7月最高气温 Maximum air temperature in July (℃) | 7月平均 气温 Average air temperature in July (℃) | 1月最低 气温 Minimum air temperature in January (℃) | 1月平均 气温 Average air temperature in January (℃) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
辽宁宽甸县 Kuandian County, Liaoning Province | 2 953 | 12.7 | 324 | 690 | 2 290 | 875 | 26.6 | 22.0 | -19.2 | -13.2 |
辽宁桓仁县 Huanren County, Liaoning Province | 2 681 | 12.0 | 649 | 659 | 2 346 | 835 | 26.1 | 21.5 | -20.9 | -14.8 |
吉林集安市2 Ji’an City 2, Jilin Province | 2 671 | 12.5 | 452 | 701 | 2 259 | 871 | 26.6 | 22.0 | -19.8 | -14.2 |
吉林通化县 Tonghua County, Jilin Province | 2 635 | 12.1 | 547 | 672 | 2 349 | 820 | 26.4 | 21.8 | -21.2 | -15.0 |
辽宁新宾县 Xinbin County, Liaoning Province | 2 644 | 11.7 | 523 | 668 | 2 387 | 813 | 25.7 | 21.2 | -21.4 | -15.1 |
辽宁清源县1 Qingyuan County 1, Liaoning Province | 2 638 | 12.1 | 420 | 687 | 2 408 | 763 | 26.4 | 21.9 | -21.5 | -15.4 |
吉林集安市1 Ji’an City 1, Jilin Province | 2 644 | 11.6 | 560 | 686 | 2 325 | 837 | 26.0 | 21.3 | -21.7 | -15.6 |
辽宁清源县2 Qingyuan County 2, Liaoning Province | 2 638 | 11.8 | 464 | 686 | 2 409 | 768 | 26.0 | 21.4 | -21.9 | -15.7 |
吉林珲春市 Hunchun City, Jilin Province | 2 368 | 10.8 | 600 | 654 | 2 326 | 680 | 26.1 | 20.8 | -21.0 | -15.4 |
吉林安图县 Antu County, Jilin Province | 2 607 | 11.2 | 667 | 695 | 2 325 | 712 | 26.8 | 22.0 | -23.9 | -17.6 |
基准值 Reference value | 2 368-2 953 | 10.8-12.7 | 426-871 | 65.4-70.1 | 2 259-2 409 | 680-875 | 26.8 | 20.8-22.0 | -23.9 | -17.6- -13.2 |
人参皂苷 Ginsenoside | 分布区域 Distribution area | |
---|---|---|
省或市 Province or city | 市、县或旗 City, county or banner | |
Rg1 | 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 宝清、虎林、密山、东宁、富锦等 Baoqing, Hulin, Mishan, Dongning, Fujin, etc. |
吉林 Jilin | 汪清、珲春、通化、集安、柳河等 Wangqing, Hunchun, Tonghua, Ji’an, Liuhe, etc. | |
辽宁 Liaoning | 新宾、宽甸、清原、桓仁、本溪等 Xinbin, Kuandian, Qingyuan, Huanren, Benxi, etc. | |
河北 Hebei | 平泉、承德、兴隆、青龙、宽城等 Pingquan, Chengde, Xinglong, Qinglong, Kuancheng, etc. | |
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia | 宁城、喀喇沁、敖汉、赤峰、翁牛特 Ningcheng, Harqin, Aohan, Chifeng, Ongniud | |
山西 Shanxi | 五台、繁峙、灵丘、代县、平顺等 Wutai, Fanshi, Lingqiu, Dai Xian, Pingshun, etc. | |
北京 Beijing | 密云、怀柔、平谷 Miyun, Huairou, Pinggu | |
Re | 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 宝清、虎林、密山、东宁、富锦等 Baoqing, Hulin, Mishan, Dongning, Fujin, etc. |
吉林 Jilin | 汪清、珲春、通化、集安、柳河等 Wangqing, Hunchun, Tonghua, Ji’an, Liuhe, etc. | |
辽宁 Liaoning | 新宾、宽甸、清原、桓仁、本溪等 Xinbin, Kuandian, Qingyuan, Huanren, Benxi, etc. | |
河北 Hebei | 平泉、青龙、阜平、承德、宽城等 Pingquan, Qinglong, Fuping, Chengde, Kuancheng, etc. | |
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia | 宁城、巴林、喀喇沁、赤峰、翁牛特等 Ningcheng, Balin, Harqin, Chifeng, Ongniud, etc. | |
山西 Shanxi | 五台、繁峙、代县、灵丘、平顺等 Wutai, Fanshi, Dai Xian, Lingqiu, Pingshun, etc. | |
北京 Beijing | 密云 Miyun | |
Rb1 | 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 宝清、虎林、密山、东宁、富锦等 Baoqing, Hulin, Mishan, Dongning, Fujin, etc. |
吉林 Jilin | 汪清、珲春、通化、集安、柳河等 Wangqing, Hunchun, Tonghua, Ji’an, Liuhe, etc. | |
辽宁 Liaoning | 新宾、宽甸、清原、桓仁、本溪等 Xinbin, Kuandian, Qingyuan, Huanren, Benxi, etc. | |
河北 Hebei | 平泉、承德、兴隆、阜平、青龙等 Pingquan, Chengde, Xinglong, Fuping, Qinglong, etc. | |
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia | 宁城、喀喇沁、巴林、赤峰、翁牛特等 Ningcheng, Harqin, Balin, Chifeng, Ongniud, etc. | |
山西 Shanxi | 五台、繁峙、代县、灵丘、平顺等 Wutai, Fanshi, Dai Xian, Lingqiu, Pingshun, etc. | |
北京 Beijing | 密云、平谷 Miyun, Pinggu | |
最佳种植区域 Optimum planting areas | 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 宝清、虎林、密山、东宁、富锦等 Baoqing, Hulin, Mishan, Dongning, Fujin, etc. |
吉林 Jilin | 汪清、珲春、通化、集安、柳河等 Wangqing, Hunchun, Tonghua, Ji’an, Liuhe, etc. | |
辽宁 Liaoning | 新宾、宽甸、清原、桓仁、本溪等 Xinbin, Kuandian, Qingyuan, Huanren, Benxi, etc. | |
河北 Hebei | 平泉、青龙、承德等 Pingquan, Qinglong, Chengde, etc. | |
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia | 宁城、喀喇沁、赤峰、翁牛特等 Ningcheng, Harqin, Chifeng, Ongniud, etc. | |
山西 Shanxi | 五台、繁峙、代县、灵丘、平顺等 Wutai, Fanshi, Dai Xian, Lingqiu, Pingshun, etc. | |
北京 Beijing | 密云 Miyun |
Table 6 Distribution of ecological suitable areas of three kinds of ginsenosides and optimum planting areas of Panax ginseng
人参皂苷 Ginsenoside | 分布区域 Distribution area | |
---|---|---|
省或市 Province or city | 市、县或旗 City, county or banner | |
Rg1 | 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 宝清、虎林、密山、东宁、富锦等 Baoqing, Hulin, Mishan, Dongning, Fujin, etc. |
吉林 Jilin | 汪清、珲春、通化、集安、柳河等 Wangqing, Hunchun, Tonghua, Ji’an, Liuhe, etc. | |
辽宁 Liaoning | 新宾、宽甸、清原、桓仁、本溪等 Xinbin, Kuandian, Qingyuan, Huanren, Benxi, etc. | |
河北 Hebei | 平泉、承德、兴隆、青龙、宽城等 Pingquan, Chengde, Xinglong, Qinglong, Kuancheng, etc. | |
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia | 宁城、喀喇沁、敖汉、赤峰、翁牛特 Ningcheng, Harqin, Aohan, Chifeng, Ongniud | |
山西 Shanxi | 五台、繁峙、灵丘、代县、平顺等 Wutai, Fanshi, Lingqiu, Dai Xian, Pingshun, etc. | |
北京 Beijing | 密云、怀柔、平谷 Miyun, Huairou, Pinggu | |
Re | 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 宝清、虎林、密山、东宁、富锦等 Baoqing, Hulin, Mishan, Dongning, Fujin, etc. |
吉林 Jilin | 汪清、珲春、通化、集安、柳河等 Wangqing, Hunchun, Tonghua, Ji’an, Liuhe, etc. | |
辽宁 Liaoning | 新宾、宽甸、清原、桓仁、本溪等 Xinbin, Kuandian, Qingyuan, Huanren, Benxi, etc. | |
河北 Hebei | 平泉、青龙、阜平、承德、宽城等 Pingquan, Qinglong, Fuping, Chengde, Kuancheng, etc. | |
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia | 宁城、巴林、喀喇沁、赤峰、翁牛特等 Ningcheng, Balin, Harqin, Chifeng, Ongniud, etc. | |
山西 Shanxi | 五台、繁峙、代县、灵丘、平顺等 Wutai, Fanshi, Dai Xian, Lingqiu, Pingshun, etc. | |
北京 Beijing | 密云 Miyun | |
Rb1 | 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 宝清、虎林、密山、东宁、富锦等 Baoqing, Hulin, Mishan, Dongning, Fujin, etc. |
吉林 Jilin | 汪清、珲春、通化、集安、柳河等 Wangqing, Hunchun, Tonghua, Ji’an, Liuhe, etc. | |
辽宁 Liaoning | 新宾、宽甸、清原、桓仁、本溪等 Xinbin, Kuandian, Qingyuan, Huanren, Benxi, etc. | |
河北 Hebei | 平泉、承德、兴隆、阜平、青龙等 Pingquan, Chengde, Xinglong, Fuping, Qinglong, etc. | |
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia | 宁城、喀喇沁、巴林、赤峰、翁牛特等 Ningcheng, Harqin, Balin, Chifeng, Ongniud, etc. | |
山西 Shanxi | 五台、繁峙、代县、灵丘、平顺等 Wutai, Fanshi, Dai Xian, Lingqiu, Pingshun, etc. | |
北京 Beijing | 密云、平谷 Miyun, Pinggu | |
最佳种植区域 Optimum planting areas | 黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 宝清、虎林、密山、东宁、富锦等 Baoqing, Hulin, Mishan, Dongning, Fujin, etc. |
吉林 Jilin | 汪清、珲春、通化、集安、柳河等 Wangqing, Hunchun, Tonghua, Ji’an, Liuhe, etc. | |
辽宁 Liaoning | 新宾、宽甸、清原、桓仁、本溪等 Xinbin, Kuandian, Qingyuan, Huanren, Benxi, etc. | |
河北 Hebei | 平泉、青龙、承德等 Pingquan, Qinglong, Chengde, etc. | |
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia | 宁城、喀喇沁、赤峰、翁牛特等 Ningcheng, Harqin, Chifeng, Ongniud, etc. | |
山西 Shanxi | 五台、繁峙、代县、灵丘、平顺等 Wutai, Fanshi, Dai Xian, Lingqiu, Pingshun, etc. | |
北京 Beijing | 密云 Miyun |
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