Response of respiratory rate and reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme activity in seed mitochondria of Clausena lansium dehydration and its ecological significance

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00870

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Recalcitrant seeds shed at relatively high water contents and metabolism activities are sensitive to dehydration. However, the mechanism for desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds is unclear. Here, we used the recalcitrant Chinese wampee (Clausena lansium) seeds as materials to investigate the relationship between desiccation sensitivity and the change in respiratory rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme activity of mitochondria.
Methods We dehydrated Chinese wampee seeds at 25-28 °C and 72%-80% relative humidity for 0, 4, 7 and 10 days then assayed the survival of seeds and axes, changes in respiratory rate of axes and cotyledons, activity of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), integrity of outer mitochondrial membrane, pathways of CCO and alternative oxidase (AOX) and activities of ROS scavenging enzymes in mitochondria of axis and cotyledon.
Important findings With the loss of water content, survival of seeds and axes gradually decreased, and desiccation sensitivity of seeds was greater than that of axes. Respiratory rate and integrity of outer mitochondrial membrane of axes and cotyledons decreased with dehydration. Respiratory rate of CCO pathway in mitochondria of axis and cotyledon and of AOX pathway in mitochondria of cotyledon increased in the initial phase of dehydration and then decreased, and that of AOX pathway in mitochondria of axis significantly decreased with dehydration. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in axis mitochondria and those of APX in cotyledon mitochondria decreased with dehydration, and those of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) in axis mitochondria and of SOD, DHAR and GR in cotyledon mitochondria increased in the initial phase and then decreased. Our data indicate that desiccation sensitivity of Chinese wampee seeds is closely related to decreases in respiratory rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme activity of mitochondria and also to long-term adaptation to the tropical/subtropical habitat.

Key words: Clausena lansium seed, cytochrome c oxidase and alternative oxidase pathway, dehydration injury of seed and axis, mitochondria reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, respiratory rate

WANG Wei-Qing, CHENG Hong-Yan, LIU Shu-Jun, SONG Song-Quan. Response of respiratory rate and reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme activity in seed mitochondria of Clausena lansium dehydration and its ecological significance[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(8): 870-879.

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Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Changes in water content (A) and survival (B) during dehydration of Clausena lansium seeds (mean ± SE, n = 25). Seeds were dehydrated at 25-28 °C and 72%-80% relative humidity for 0, 4, 7 and 10 days, respectively, and then water content of axes, cotyledons and seeds and survival of axes and seeds were immediately measured. The water content of cotyledons and seeds is the same. Whole seed and excised axis were incubated at 30 °C and in darkness.

Fig. 2 Response of respiratory rate of Clausena lansium embryo axis and cotyledon to dehydration. The un-dehydrated and dehydrated seeds were imbibed in distilled water at 30 °C in darkness for 24 h, and then respiratory rate of excised embryo axes and grinded cotyledons were measured at 25 °C. All values are mean ± SE of three replicates of 10 axes or 1 g grinded cotyledons. Same uppercase and lowercase letters indicate no significant difference between treatments in embryo axes and cotyledons, respectively (S-N-K, p = 0.05).

Fig. 3 Effect of dehydration on cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity of mitochondria (A) and integrity of outer mitochondrial membrane (B) in Clausena lansium embryo axis and cotyledon. The un-dehydrated and dehydrated seeds were imbibed in distilled at 30 °C in darkness for 24 h, and the mitochondria of embryo axes and cotyledons were then extracted, respectively. The CCO activity of mitochondria was assayed, and the latency of the CCO activity was calculated to estimate the integrity of outer mitochondrial membrane. All values are mean ± SE of three replicates of 200 axes or 100 g cotyledons. Same uppercase and lowercase letters indicate no significant difference between treatments in embryo axes and cotyledons, respectively (S-N-K, p = 0.05).

Fig. 4 Changes in respiratory rate of cytochrome c oxidase pathway (A) and alternative oxidase pathway (B) in mitochondria of embryo axis and cotyledon during dehydration of Clausena lansium seeds. All values are mean ± SE of three replicates of 200 axes or 100 g cotyledons. Same uppercase and lowercase letters indicate no significant difference between treatments in embryo axes and cotyledons, respectively (S-N-K, p = 0.05)

Fig. 5 Changes in activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes in mitochondria of embryo axis and cotyledon during dehydration of Clausena lansium seeds. A, superoxide dismutase (SOD). B, ascorbate peroxidase (APX). C, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). D, glutathione reductase (GR). All values are mean ± SE of three replicates of 200 axes or 100 g cotyledons. Same uppercase and lowercase letters indicate no significant difference between treatments in embryo axes and cotyledons, respectively (S-N-K, p = 0.05).

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