Coupling simulation of water-carbon processes for catchment―calibration and validation of the WaSSI-C model

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00051

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The water-carbon coupling model has become a major approach of eco-hydrology study under the complicated situation of climate changes. Our objective was to explore the applicability of the WaSSI-C model for the humid region in southwestern China.
Methods We focused on a large watershed, the upper Zagunao River watershed, situated in the upper reach of the Minjiang River, Yangtze River Basin. Applicability of the WaSSI-C model was assessed by evaluating the modeling results with two indexes: determination coefficient (R²) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NS). In order to make it better suited for the study area, two main improvements were introduced regarding to the snowmelt and evapotranspiration (ET) calculation. The calibration period was set as 1988-1996, and the validation period was set as 1997-2006. We validated the model using observed runoff and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ET production of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) in the calibration and validation periods, respectively.
Important findings There was a good performance of our application of the WaSSI-C model in the study area. The R²of calibration period and NS for the total runoff of the study watershed were 0.86 and 0.82, respectively, and 0.78 and 0.67, respectively, for the validation period. Moreover, the R² of the GEP and ET were 0.89 and 0.78, respectively. We discussed the modeling process and results, and the future direction of improvements of the ET calculation in the end.

Key words: eco-hydrological model, model calibration, model validation, WaSSI-C model

LIU Ning,SUN Peng-Sen,LIU Shi-Rong,SUN Ge. Coupling simulation of water-carbon processes for catchment―calibration and validation of the WaSSI-C model[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(6): 492-502.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00051

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2013/V37/I6/492

Figures/Tables 12

References 28

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数据集 Dataset		来源 Source	用途 Usage	分辨率 Resolution	年 Year
气象数据(气温和降水量) Climate data (air temperature and precipitation)		国家气象局 State Meteorological Administration, China	输入数据 Input data	1 km × 1 km	1988-2006
植被覆盖数据 Vegetation cover data		中分辨率成像光谱仪 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov)	输入数据 Input data	1 km × 1 km	2000
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (LAI)		中分辨率成像光谱仪 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov)	输入数据 Input data	1 km × 1 km	2000-2006
土壤属性数据 Soil property data		中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China	输入数据 Input data	1 km × 1 km
总初级生产力 Gross primary production (GPP)		中分辨率成像光谱仪 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov)	模型验证 Model validation	1 km × 1 km	2000-2006
蒸散 Evapotranspiration (ET)	MODIS蒸散 MODIS_ET	中分辨率成像光谱仪 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov)	模型验证 Model validation	1 km × 1 km	2000-2006
蒸散 Evapotranspiration (ET)	Zhang蒸散Zhang_ET	ET全球数据集 Global ET database (ftp://ftp.ntsg.umt.edu)	模型验证 Model validation	8 km × 8 km	1988-2006
径流数据 Runoff data (RUNOFF)		四川省水文资源勘测局 Hydrology and Water Resource Investigation Bureau of Sichuan Province, China	模型验证 Model validation		1988-2006

数据集 Dataset		来源 Source	用途 Usage	分辨率 Resolution	年 Year
气象数据(气温和降水量) Climate data (air temperature and precipitation)		国家气象局 State Meteorological Administration, China	输入数据 Input data	1 km × 1 km	1988-2006
植被覆盖数据 Vegetation cover data		中分辨率成像光谱仪 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov)	输入数据 Input data	1 km × 1 km	2000
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (LAI)		中分辨率成像光谱仪 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov)	输入数据 Input data	1 km × 1 km	2000-2006
土壤属性数据 Soil property data		中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China	输入数据 Input data	1 km × 1 km
总初级生产力 Gross primary production (GPP)		中分辨率成像光谱仪 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov)	模型验证 Model validation	1 km × 1 km	2000-2006
蒸散 Evapotranspiration (ET)	MODIS蒸散 MODIS_ET	中分辨率成像光谱仪 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov)	模型验证 Model validation	1 km × 1 km	2000-2006
蒸散 Evapotranspiration (ET)	Zhang蒸散Zhang_ET	ET全球数据集 Global ET database (ftp://ftp.ntsg.umt.edu)	模型验证 Model validation	8 km × 8 km	1988-2006
径流数据 Runoff data (RUNOFF)		四川省水文资源勘测局 Hydrology and Water Resource Investigation Bureau of Sichuan Province, China	模型验证 Model validation		1988-2006

植被类型 Vegetation type	GEP = k × ET		REC = m + n × GEP
植被类型 Vegetation type	k ± SD	R²	m ± SD	n ± SD	R²
农田 Cropland	3.13 ± 1.69	0.78	40.6 ± 3.84	0.43 ± 0.02	0.77
郁闭灌丛 Closed shrubland	1.37 ± 0.62	0.77	11.4 ± 15.62	0.69 ± 0.15	0.74
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest	3.20 ± 1.26	0.93	30.8 ± 2.93	0.45 ± 0.03	0.83
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest	2.59 ± 0.54	0.92	19.6 ± 8.74	0.61 ± 0.06	0.63
常绿针叶林 Evergreen coniferous forest	2.46 ± 0.96	0.89	9.9 ± 2.24	0.68 ± 0.03	0.80
草地 Grassland	2.12 ± 1.66	0.84	18.9 ± 2.31	0.64 ± 0.02	0.82
混交林 Mixed forest	2.74 ± 1.05	0.89	24.4 ± 4.24	0.62 ± 0.05	0.88
稀疏灌丛 Open shrubland	1.33 ± 0.47	0.85	9.7 ± 3.03	0.56 ± 0.08	0.81
高山草甸 Alpine meadow	1.26 ± 0.77	0.80	25.2 ± 3.23	0.53 ± 0.07	0.65
湿地 Wetland	1.66 ± 1.33	0.78	7.8 ± 3.04	0.56 ± 0.03	0.80

植被类型 Vegetation type	GEP = k × ET		REC = m + n × GEP
植被类型 Vegetation type	k ± SD	R²	m ± SD	n ± SD	R²
农田 Cropland	3.13 ± 1.69	0.78	40.6 ± 3.84	0.43 ± 0.02	0.77
郁闭灌丛 Closed shrubland	1.37 ± 0.62	0.77	11.4 ± 15.62	0.69 ± 0.15	0.74
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest	3.20 ± 1.26	0.93	30.8 ± 2.93	0.45 ± 0.03	0.83
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest	2.59 ± 0.54	0.92	19.6 ± 8.74	0.61 ± 0.06	0.63
常绿针叶林 Evergreen coniferous forest	2.46 ± 0.96	0.89	9.9 ± 2.24	0.68 ± 0.03	0.80
草地 Grassland	2.12 ± 1.66	0.84	18.9 ± 2.31	0.64 ± 0.02	0.82
混交林 Mixed forest	2.74 ± 1.05	0.89	24.4 ± 4.24	0.62 ± 0.05	0.88
稀疏灌丛 Open shrubland	1.33 ± 0.47	0.85	9.7 ± 3.03	0.56 ± 0.08	0.81
高山草甸 Alpine meadow	1.26 ± 0.77	0.80	25.2 ± 3.23	0.53 ± 0.07	0.65
湿地 Wetland	1.66 ± 1.33	0.78	7.8 ± 3.04	0.56 ± 0.03	0.80

评价指标 Evaluation index	率定期 Calibration period (1988-1996)	验证期 Validation period (1997-2006)
决定系数 Determined coefficient R²	0.86	0.78
Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数 Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient NS	0.82	0.67