Investigation on the ecological security pattern of Hunshandake Sandy Land considering ecosystem services and landscape morphology

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0449

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The establishment of an ecological security pattern serves as a pivotal pathway and safeguard for sustainable development in semi-arid regions. Taking the Hunshandake Sandy Land as an example, this study aims to provide a novel approach to ecological protection and an ecological security pattern in semi-arid regions, which integrates “Ecosystem Services (ES), landscape morphology, machine learning, and circuit theory”. Additionally, we propose optimized environmental management strategies centered on the sustainable utilization of water, targeting ecological core areas, restoration zones, and improvement regions.

Methods We focused on Hunshandake Sandy Land and employed the “Ecological Source-Resistance Surface-Ecological Corridor” paradigm to assess six ecosystem services, including livestock production, carbon sequestration, water yield, soil conservation, sandstorm prevention, and habitat quality. By integrating Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), we identified core areas and water bodies as ecological source areas and employed a random forest model and spatial operations to generate the resistance surface. Furthermore, used circuit theory, ecological corridors were identified and key ecological nodes were determined to establish the ecological security pattern within the Hunshandake Sandy Land, accompanied by the proposal of optimization recommendations.

Important findings The result indicated that: (1) The total area of the ecological source sites is 4 674.17 km², accounting for 14.96% of the total area, primarily concentrated in the eastern region. Ecological source sites in the central region are fragmented. (2) We identified 51 ecological corridors with a total length of 1 351.66 km; there are 57 ecological nodes, mainly distributed in the central-southern and narrow corridors in the north. (3) The construction and optimization of the ecological security pattern from east to west in the Hunshandake Sandy Land, consisting of “Ecological source sites-Water-Restoration areas”, have been completed.

Key words: ecological security pattern, ecosystem services, MSPA, circuit theory, Hunshandake Sandy Land

WANG Xing-Qi, FAN Yu-Yang, ZHANG Wei-Chen, WANG Bo-Jie. Investigation on the ecological security pattern of Hunshandake Sandy Land considering ecosystem services and landscape morphology[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(12): 2030-2042.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0449

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I12/2030

Figures/Tables 8

References 37

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数据类型 Data type	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution (m)	数据来源 Data source
数字高程 Digital Elevation Model	30	地理空间数据云 Geospatial Data Cloud (https://www.gscloud.cn/)
土地利用类型 Land use type	30	资源与环境科学数据平台 Chinese Resource and Environment Science Data Platform (http://www.resdc.cn)
归一化植被指数 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	250	美国国家航空航天局(NASA)地球数据中心 NASA’s Earth Science Data Systems Program (https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/)
气象数据 Meteorological data	250	中国国家气象中心 China Meteorological Data Service Centre (https://data.cma.cn/)
土壤类型 Soil type	1 000	联合国粮食及农业组织土壤数据 Harmonized World Soil Database (https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/data-hub/en/)
人口 Population	1 000	LandScan全球人口数据 LandScan Population Data (https://landscan.ornl.gov/)
地区生产总值 Gross Domestic Product	1 000	地理空间监测云平台 Geographical Information Monitoring Cloud Platform (http://www.dsac.cn/DataProduct/)
肉类总产量 Total meat production	-	2021年锡林郭勒盟统计年鉴 Xilingol League Statistical Yearbook (2021) (http://tjj.xlgl.gov.cn/) 2021年赤峰统计年鉴 Chifeng Statistical Yearbook (2021) (http://tjj.chifeng.gov.cn/)

数据类型 Data type	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution (m)	数据来源 Data source
数字高程 Digital Elevation Model	30	地理空间数据云 Geospatial Data Cloud (https://www.gscloud.cn/)
土地利用类型 Land use type	30	资源与环境科学数据平台 Chinese Resource and Environment Science Data Platform (http://www.resdc.cn)
归一化植被指数 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	250	美国国家航空航天局(NASA)地球数据中心 NASA’s Earth Science Data Systems Program (https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/)
气象数据 Meteorological data	250	中国国家气象中心 China Meteorological Data Service Centre (https://data.cma.cn/)
土壤类型 Soil type	1 000	联合国粮食及农业组织土壤数据 Harmonized World Soil Database (https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/data-hub/en/)
人口 Population	1 000	LandScan全球人口数据 LandScan Population Data (https://landscan.ornl.gov/)
地区生产总值 Gross Domestic Product	1 000	地理空间监测云平台 Geographical Information Monitoring Cloud Platform (http://www.dsac.cn/DataProduct/)
肉类总产量 Total meat production	-	2021年锡林郭勒盟统计年鉴 Xilingol League Statistical Yearbook (2021) (http://tjj.xlgl.gov.cn/) 2021年赤峰统计年鉴 Chifeng Statistical Yearbook (2021) (http://tjj.chifeng.gov.cn/)

阻力因子 Resistance factor	阻力系数 Resistance coefficient					权重 Weight
阻力因子 Resistance factor	1	2	3	4	5	权重 Weight
土地利用类型 Land use type	草地、林地和灌丛 Grassland, woodland and bushland	耕地 Arable land	水体 Water	未利用地 Unused land	建设用地 Construction land	0.30
温度 Temperature (℃)	3.56-3.99	3.33-3.56	2.63-2.93	2.93-3.13	3.13-3.33	0.17
归一化植被指数 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	0.31-0.56	0.24-0.31	0.19-0.24	0.15-0.19	0-0.15	0.14
干旱指数 Aridity Index	1.45-2.03	2.03-2.46	2.46-2.93	2.93-3.45	3.45-4.06	0.12
坡度 Slope (°)	9.93-22.60	4.61-9.93	0-0.89	2.22-4.61	0.89-2.22	0.09
人口 Population	0-27	27-114	114-281	281-560	560-971	0.09
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 385-1 790	1 286-1 385	1 195-1 286	1 095-1 195	925-1 095	0.07
道路缓冲距离 Road buffer distance (km)	<1	1-2	2-3	3-4	>4	0.02

阻力因子 Resistance factor	阻力系数 Resistance coefficient					权重 Weight
阻力因子 Resistance factor	1	2	3	4	5	权重 Weight
土地利用类型 Land use type	草地、林地和灌丛 Grassland, woodland and bushland	耕地 Arable land	水体 Water	未利用地 Unused land	建设用地 Construction land	0.30
温度 Temperature (℃)	3.56-3.99	3.33-3.56	2.63-2.93	2.93-3.13	3.13-3.33	0.17
归一化植被指数 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	0.31-0.56	0.24-0.31	0.19-0.24	0.15-0.19	0-0.15	0.14
干旱指数 Aridity Index	1.45-2.03	2.03-2.46	2.46-2.93	2.93-3.45	3.45-4.06	0.12
坡度 Slope (°)	9.93-22.60	4.61-9.93	0-0.89	2.22-4.61	0.89-2.22	0.09
人口 Population	0-27	27-114	114-281	281-560	560-971	0.09
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 385-1 790	1 286-1 385	1 195-1 286	1 095-1 195	925-1 095	0.07
道路缓冲距离 Road buffer distance (km)	<1	1-2	2-3	3-4	>4	0.02