Effect of dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum on the growth and physiological performance of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0188

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The application of growth promoter is an important tool for ecological restoration of degraded grassland by human intervention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the growth promoting effect of dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (DMP), a residue from the industrial production of penicillin, on the growth and physiological performance of Trifolium repensand Lolium perenne.

Methods In this study, we mainly applied pot experiment and field experiment to investigate the growth promoting effect of DMP addition on the performance of T. repens and L. perenne. Then we applied transcriptome sequencing to determine the molecular mechanism of DMP promoting effects on forage growth.

Important findings The results of this study are as follows: (1) DMP addition can significantly improve their physiological indices and enhanced developmental morphological traits of T. repens and L. perenne. Compared with the compound fertilizer treatment, the application of 4.50 g DMP per pot significantly increased the plant height, tiller number and leaf number of L. perenne, and the application of 2.25 g DMP per pot significantly increased the plant height, branching number and leaf number of T. repens, while 4.50 g·pot^-1 of DMP significantly increased the total chlorophyll content, crude protein content and crude fat content of L. perenne, and this concentration of DMP addition also significantly increased the total chlorophyll and crude protein contents of T. repens. (2) DMP addition can increase the biomass of L. perenne and T. repens. Under potting conditions, DMP application significantly increased aboveground fresh and dry mass of L. perenneand T. repens compared with compound fertilizer treatment. DMP at 225 kg·hm^-2 also increased aboveground and belowground dry mass accumulation of L. perenneand T. repensunder low temperature and low sunlight field conditions in Zhaotong. (3) Transcriptome sequencing showed that DMP treatment induced the expression of genes related to phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways in L. perenne, confirming that DMP promotes forage growth by inducing hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways. This study first demonstrates that DMP can promote the growth of forage, and proposes a new strategy of using DMP as a growth promoter, which provides new ideas for the restoration and sustainable development of degraded grasslands under low temperature and low sunlight conditions.

Key words: restoration of the degraded grassland, dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum, growth promotion, Trifolium repens, Lolium perenne

XIA Min-Chang, LI Qian-Qian, QIAN Qing-Qing, REN Shu-Jun, LIANG Ying-Chong, CHEN Ting-Ying, LI Ying-Jia, MOU Zong-Min, CHEN Sui-Yun. Effect of dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum on the growth and physiological performance of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(1): 189-198.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0188

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I1/189

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1 Effect of dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (DMP) on morphological indicators of T. repens and L. perenne. n, sample size. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2 Effect of dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (DMP) on the physiological indicators of T. repens and L. perenne (mean ± SD). n, sample size. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Effect of dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (DMP) on the biomass of T. repens and L. perenne (mean ± SD). A-D were under pot condition, E-H were under field condition. n, sample size. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 4 Dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (DMP) regulates the expression of endogenous plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction related genes. A, Volcanic plot of differentially expressed genes in control (CK) vs DMP. B, Heat map of gene expressions related to endogenous plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction in CK vs DMP treatment.

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