Effects of typical plant on soil microbial communities in an Inner Mongolia grassland

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00037

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Vegetation in Inner Mongolia grassland has changed due to overgrazing and climate change. Our objective was to explore the effects of plant species on soil microbial communities in an Inner Mongolia grassland to understand the ecological consequences of vegetation changes in this region.
Methods We investigated the sizes and community structures of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of several typical plant species in a degradation-restoration site in Xilin Gol Grassland using real-time PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis.
Important findings Different plant species have significant effects on the sizes of bacterial communities in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and size of fungal communities in rhizosphere soil. The abundances of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil were generally higher than those in non-rhizosphere soils, particularly for fungi. Multi-response permutation procedures and principal component analysis of T-RFLP data showed significant differences of the bacterial and fungal community structure between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil for most species, and the fungal community structures of all samples can be divided into the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. In addition, the community structure clustered by plant species is more evident for bacteria. These results revealed important effects of plant species on microbial community composition as well as significant differences of microbial community between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. Findings are helpful for understanding plants-soil-microbe interactions and mechanisms involved in the Inner Mongolia grassland region.

Key words: plant-microbe interaction, real time-PCR, rhizosphere microorganisms, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

WANG Na-Na, CHEN Ying, YING Jiao-Yan, GAO Yong-Sheng, BAI Yong-Fei. Effects of typical plant on soil microbial communities in an Inner Mongolia grassland[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(2): 201-208.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00037

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2014/V38/I2/201

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1 Effects of plant species and rhizosphere environment on numbers of bacteria and fungi

微生物类群 Microbial group	变异来源 Source of variation	df	F	p
细菌 Bacteria	物种 Species	5	2.16	0.095 7
	根际环境 Rhizosphere environment	1	11.89	0.002 3
	物种×根际环境 Species × rhizosphere environment	5	2.55	0.057 4
真菌 Fungi	物种 Species	5	2.46	0.064 7
	根际环境 Rhizosphere environment	1	136.02	<0.000 1
	物种×根际环境 Species × rhizosphere environment	5	0.50	0.771 3

Fig. 1 Numbers of bacteria in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of different plant species (mean ± SE). A and B indicate significant difference among rhizosphere soils of different species (p < 0.05); a and b indicate significant difference among non-rhizosphere soils of different species (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2 Numbers of fungi in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of different plant species (mean ± SE). A and B indicate significant difference among rhizosphere soils of different species (p < 0.05).

Table 2 Multi-response permutation procedures analysis of bacteria and fungi community structure in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of different species

微生物类群 Microbial group	分组 Group	观测值 Observed value	预期值 Expected value	T	A	p
细菌 Bacteria	根际与非根际 Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere	0.457	0.500	-5.014	0.086	< 0.001
	不同物种根际土壤 Rhizosphere soils of different species	0.233	0.500	-5.518	0.533	< 0.001
	不同物种非根际土壤 Non-rhizosphere soils of different species	0.284	0.500	-4.250	0.430	< 0.001
真菌 Fungi	根际与非根际 Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere	0.405	0.500	-10.832	0.190	< 0.001
	不同物种根际土壤 Rhizosphere soils of different species	0.307	0.500	-4.341	0.385	< 0.001
	不同物种非根际土壤 Non-rhizosphere soils of different species	0.268	0.500	-4.969	0.462	< 0.001

Fig. 3 Community structures of bacteria (A) and fungi (B) in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of different species. ○, Agropyron cristatum rhizosphere soil; ●, Agropyron cristatum non-rhizosphere soil; ◇, Fringed sagebrush rhizosphere soil; ◆, Fringed sagebrush non-rhizosphere soil; ▽, Leymus chinensis rhizosphere soil; ▼, Leymus chinensis non- rhizosphere soil; △, Cleistogenes squarrosa rhizosphere soil; ▲, Cleistogenes squarrosa non-rhizosphere soil; □, Achnatherum sibiiricum rhizosphere soil; ■, Achnatherum sibiiricum non-rhizosphere soil; ☆, Stipa grandis rhizosphere soil; ★, Stipa grandis non-rhizosphere soil.

References 26

[1]	Anderson M, Kjøller A, Struwe S (2004). Microbial enzyme activities in leaf litter, humus and mineral soil layers of European forests. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 36, 1527-1537.
[2]	Badri DV, Vivanco JM (2009). Regulation and function of root exudates. Plant, Cell & Environment, 32, 666-681.
[3]	Badri DV, Weir TL, van der Lelie D, Vivanco JM (2009). Rhizosphere chemical dialogues: plant-microbe interac-tions. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 20, 642-650.
[4]	Brosofske KD, Chen J, Crow TR (2001). Understory vegetation and site factors: implications for a managed Wisconsin landscape. Forest Ecologyand Management, 146, 75-87.
[5]	Chen Y, Li XX, Ying JY, Liang CZ, Bai YF (2012). Effects of plant functional groups and plant species on soil microbial composition in an Inner Mongolian grassland. Biodiversity Science, 20, 59-65. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 陈颖, 李肖肖, 应娇妍, 梁存柱, 白永飞 (2012). 典型草原植物功能群及物种对土壤微生物多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 20, 59-65.]
[6]	Dennis PG, Miller AJ, Clark IM, Taylor RG, Valsami-Jones E, Hirsch PR (2008). A novel method for sampling bacteria on plant root and soil surfaces at the microhabitat scale. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 75, 12-18.
[7]	Dollhopf SL, Hashsham SA, Tiedje JM (2001). Interpreting 16S rDNA T-RFLP data: application of self organizing mapsand principal component analysis to describe community dynamics andconvergence. Microbial Ecology, 42, 495-505.
[8]	Fang F, Wu CZ, Hong W (2007). Study on the relationship between rhizospheric or non-rhizospheric soil enzyme and microbe in different plants. Subtropical Agriculture Research, 3, 209-215. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 方昉, 吴承祯, 洪伟 (2007). 植物根际、非根际土壤酶与微生物相关性研究进展. 亚热带农业研究, 3, 209-215.]
[9]	Jin J, Wang GH, Liu XB, Liu JD, Chen XL, Herbert SJ (2009). Temporal and spatial dynamics of bacterial community in the rhizosphere of soybean genotypes grown in a black soil. Pedosphere, 19, 808-816.
[10]	Kent AD, Smith DJ, Benson BJ, Triplett EW (2003). Web-based phylogenetic assignment tool for analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles of microbial communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 6768-6776. URL PMID
[11]	Lambers H, Mougel C, Jaillard B (2009). Plant-microbe-soil interactions in the rhizosphere: an evolutionary perspective. Plant and Soil, 321, 83-115.
[12]	Li F, Hullar MAJ, Lampe JW, Hinsinger P (2007). Optimi-zation of terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of human gut microbiota. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 68, 303-311. URL PMID
[13]	Liu T, Diao ZM, Qi YQ (2008). The primary advances rhizosphere microbiology. Qinghai Prataculture, 17(1), 41-47. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 刘涛, 刁治民, 祁永青 (2008). 根际微生物及对植物生长效应的初步研究. 青海草业, 17(1), 41-47.]
[14]	Marschner P, Marhan S, Kandeler E (2012). Microscale distribution and function of soil microorganisms in the interface between rhizosphere and detritusphere. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 49, 174-183.
[15]	Murray AH, Loson GR, Stewart C (1996). Effect of simple phenolic compounds of heather (Calluna vulgaris) on rumen microbial activity in vitro. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 22, 1493-1504. DOI URL PMID
[16]	Paterson E, Osler G, Dawson LA, Gebbing T, Sim A, Ord B (2008). Labile and recalcitrant plant fractions are utilised by distinct microbial communities in soil: independent of the presence of roots and mycorrhizal fungi. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 40, 1103-1113.
[17]	Riley D, Barber SA (1969). Bicarbonate accumulation and pH changes at the soybean root-soil interface. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 33, 905-908.
[18]	Stallins JA (2002). Dune plant species diversity and function in two barrier island biogeomorphic systems. Plant Ecology, 165, 183-196.
[19]	Tao B, Zhao W, Han YJ, Gao SJ (2010). Effect of Iva xanthifolia root secretion on soil microorganisms amount. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 41, 15-19. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 陶波, 赵微, 韩玉军, 高世杰 (2010). 假苍耳根系分泌物对土壤中微生物的影响. 东北农业大学学报, 41, 15-19.]
[20]	Wei HQ, Deng JZ, Cao JH, Xie LL, Liang JS, Jiang JB (2009). Study on microbe group of Stylosanthes guianensis root and rhizosphere in Mao Village of Guilin. Pratacultural Science, 26, 69-73. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 韦红群, 邓建珍, 曹建华, 谢磊林, 梁钧淞, 蒋健波 (2009). 柱花草根系与根际微生物类群的研究. 草业科学, 26, 69-73.]
[21]	Xiong MB, He JP, Song GY (2002). Effect of root exudations on ecological distribution of rhizospheric microorganisms. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 33, 145-148. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 熊明彪, 何建平, 宋光煜 (2002). 根分泌物对根际微生物生态分布的影响. 土壤通报, 33, 145-148.]
[22]	Xu QF, Qian XB (1998). Chemical properties of rhizosphere soil under Phyllostachys pubescens forest. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 15, 240-243. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 徐秋芳, 钱新标 (1998). 毛竹根际土壤的化学性质. 浙江林学院学报, 15, 240-243.]
[23]	Zhang XL, Yang SJ, Zhang BX (2002). A summary of studies on rhizosphere soil of trees in China. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 33, 461-465. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 张学利, 杨树军, 张百习 (2002). 我国林木根际土壤研究进展. 沈阳农业大学学报, 33, 461-465.]
[24]	Zhou GY, Chen XY, Li QR, Lan GH (2001). Ecological distribution of soil microorganisms and activity of soil enzymes in Oiltea camellia stands. Economic Forest Researches, 19(1), 9-12. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 周国英, 陈小艳, 李倩茹, 兰贵洪 (2001). 油茶林土壤微生物生态分布及土壤酶活性的研究. 经济林研究, 19(1), 9-12.]
[25]	Zhu LX, Zhang JE, Liu WG (2003). Review of studies on interactions between root exudates and rhizopheric microorganisms. Ecology and Environment, 12, 102-105. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 朱丽霞, 章家恩, 刘文高 (2003). 根系分泌物与根际微生物相互作用研究综述. 生态环境, 12, 102-105.]
[26]	Zimmerman GM, Goetz H, Mielke PW Jr (1985). Use of an improved statistical method for group comparisons to study effects of prairie fire. Ecology, 66, 606-611.