Characteristic environmental factors in peatlands facilitate the formation of persistent Sphagnum spore banks

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0082

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims To test the effects of environmental factors in peatlands on the persistence of Sphagnum spore germinability. The results may help to understand the mechanisms behind the formation of Sphagnum spore banks in peatlands. They can also provide valuable insights for restoration of degraded peatlands. Methods We determined the initial germination percentage in spores of two Sphagnum species (hummock- forming Sphagnum capillifolium and hollow-forming S. flexuosum) and then stored them for 60 days, either dry, in ultrapure water, peatland surface water or Sphagnum water leachate. We varied oxygen concentration by injecting air at three concentrations during the storage experiment. After retrieval from experimental storage, spore germinability was assessed. Important findings Spore germinability was lower after air-injection than under oxygen-deficiency. Spore germinability was higher after storage in the peatland surface and Sphagnum leachate water, having high concentrations of allelochemicals, than in ultrapure water, under oxygen-deficiency. Path analysis showed that dissolved oxygen is the main factor negatively affecting Sphagnum spore persistence in peatlands. Nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) also affect spore persistence negatively. These results indicate that once dispersed onto Sphagnum substrates or waterlogged hollows, Sphagnum spores can remain viable longer than when exposed to dry conditions or in water without allelochemicals. Extreme longevity of Sphagnum spores and other plant propagules may be attributed to the oxygen-deficient, nutrient-poor and allelopathic substrates in peatlands.

Key words: Sphagnum, spore persistence, peatland, dissolved oxygen, allelochemicals

FENG Lu, BU Zhao-Jun, WU Yu-Huan, LIU Sha-Sha, LIU Chao. Characteristic environmental factors in peatlands facilitate the formation of persistent Sphagnum spore banks[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(6): 512-520.

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Figures/Tables 6

References 38

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		DO (mg·L^-1)	pH	Eh (mV)
超纯水 Ultrapure water	不充气 Control	8.91 ± 0.02^Ab	5.36 ± 0.04^Bb	196.7 ± 3.9^Bb
	低速率充气 Low	8.84 ± 0.02^c	5.24 ± 0.06^b	191.0 ± 5.0^b
	高速率充气 High	9.09 ± 0.01^a	5.55 ± 0.07^a	206.2 ± 1.0^a
泥炭地地表水 Peatland surface water	不充气 Control	6.91 ± 0.02^Cc	5.80 ± 0.02^A	181.2 ± 3.7^Cc
	低速率充气 Low	9.60 ± 0.04^b	7.47 ± 0.06^a	192.8 ± 1.4^b
	高速率充气 High	10.08 ± 0.03^a	7.19 ± 0.01^b	198.6 ± 1.6^a
中位泥炭藓沥出液 Leachate water of Sphagnum magellanicum	不充气 Control	7.52 ± 0.17^Bc	4.96 ± 0.06^Cc	247.1 ± 2.5^Aa
	低速率充气 Low	9.70 ± 0.02^b	5.91 ± 0.09^b	196.6 ± 5.8^b
	高速率充气 High	10.25 ± 0.02^a	6.14 ± 0.01^b	183.9 ± 0.4^c

		DO (mg·L^-1)	pH	Eh (mV)
超纯水 Ultrapure water	不充气 Control	8.91 ± 0.02^Ab	5.36 ± 0.04^Bb	196.7 ± 3.9^Bb
	低速率充气 Low	8.84 ± 0.02^c	5.24 ± 0.06^b	191.0 ± 5.0^b
	高速率充气 High	9.09 ± 0.01^a	5.55 ± 0.07^a	206.2 ± 1.0^a
泥炭地地表水 Peatland surface water	不充气 Control	6.91 ± 0.02^Cc	5.80 ± 0.02^A	181.2 ± 3.7^Cc
	低速率充气 Low	9.60 ± 0.04^b	7.47 ± 0.06^a	192.8 ± 1.4^b
	高速率充气 High	10.08 ± 0.03^a	7.19 ± 0.01^b	198.6 ± 1.6^a
中位泥炭藓沥出液 Leachate water of Sphagnum magellanicum	不充气 Control	7.52 ± 0.17^Bc	4.96 ± 0.06^Cc	247.1 ± 2.5^Aa
	低速率充气 Low	9.70 ± 0.02^b	5.91 ± 0.09^b	196.6 ± 5.8^b
	高速率充气 High	10.25 ± 0.02^a	6.14 ± 0.01^b	183.9 ± 0.4^c

	TN	TP	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	总酚 Phenolics
超纯水 Ultrapure water	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.05 ± 0.01^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.02 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c
泥炭地地表水 Peatland surface water	0.52 ± 0.05^b	0.03 ± 0.01^b	2.90 ± 0.33^b	5.22 ± 0.70^a	1.64 ± 0.16^b	1.43 ± 0.12^a	6.51 ± 0.05^a
中位泥炭藓沥出液 Leachate water of Sphagnum magellanicum	5.03 ± 0.31^a	0.26 ± 0.04^a	8.89 ± 1.13^a	0.71 ± 0.49^b	4.33 ± 0.18^a	0.39 ± 0.06^b	3.23 ± 0.09^b

	TN	TP	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	总酚 Phenolics
超纯水 Ultrapure water	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.05 ± 0.01^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.02 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c
泥炭地地表水 Peatland surface water	0.52 ± 0.05^b	0.03 ± 0.01^b	2.90 ± 0.33^b	5.22 ± 0.70^a	1.64 ± 0.16^b	1.43 ± 0.12^a	6.51 ± 0.05^a
中位泥炭藓沥出液 Leachate water of Sphagnum magellanicum	5.03 ± 0.31^a	0.26 ± 0.04^a	8.89 ± 1.13^a	0.71 ± 0.49^b	4.33 ± 0.18^a	0.39 ± 0.06^b	3.23 ± 0.09^b

来源 Source	d.f.	尖叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum capillifolium		喙叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum flexuosum
来源 Source	d.f.	F	p	F	p
保存液类型 Water type	2	3.74	0.044	3.33	0.059
充气速率 Air injection	2	16.31	0.000	2.90	0.081
保存液类型 × 充气速率 Water type × Air injection	4	5.57	0.004	3.73	0.022