Association of cone and seed traits of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia with geo-meteorological factors

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0269

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia is an ecologically and economically important timber tree located at the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi, China. The natural distribution area represents a typical habitat of hot-dry valley. This paper aimed to describe the association between variation patterns of cone and seed traits (CST) and the geo-meteorological factors, explore its ecological adaptability, and provide a reference for the genetic resources conservation, evaluation and utilization.
Methods We sampled eight wild populations of P. yunnanensis var. tenuifolia distributed along the Nanpan-Hongshui River basin. The CST among and within populations were analyzed via discriptive statistics and nested ANOVA. Correlations between CST and geo-meteorological were evaluated based on Pearson and canonical correlation coefficients. Principal component analysis and Mantel test were applied to reveal the geographic variation pattern.
Important findings Abundant variations of eleven CST among and within populations were indicated by the extremely significant difference of nested ANOVA results (p < 0.001). The variation within population was the main source (the average coefficient of phenotypic differentiation V_ST = 18.65%), and generally, the V_ST of cone traits (24.22%-39.88%) were larger than those of seed and wing traits (4.14%-13.80%), indicating more environment selection pressure on the cone traits. Majority of CST was positively correlated (though part of variable-pairs statistically insignificant) with latitude and longitude, annual average temperature, and negatively correlated with relative humidity and annual rainfall. This result suggests that the CST of P. yunnanensis var. tenuifolia is subjected to strong environmental selection, especially to temperature and relative humidity, prompting the species to adapt the hot-dry environment. Eight natural populations of P. yunnanensis var. tenuifolia were divided into three groups via principal component and cluster analysis. The two Luodian populations (WJ and DT) in the east were grouped into one group, and their cones and seeds were large. A population (BW) of Xingyi in the southwest belonged to a separate group, and its cones and seeds were small. The other populations were grouped together, and their CST fell between the first two groups. On the whole, the CST in P. yunnanensis var. tenuifolia increased from west to east. Mantel test exhibited a significant spatial structure among populations, and the variation pattern of populations was consistent with that of the cline.

Key words: Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia, cone trait, seed trait, geographic variation, ecological adaptivity, genetic resources

BAI Tian-Dao, YU Chun-Lan, GAN Ze-Chao, LAI Hai-Rong, YANG Yin-Chao, HUANG Hou-Chen, JIANG Wei-Xin. Association of cone and seed traits of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia with geo-meteorological factors[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(12): 1224-1235.

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Figures/Tables 10

References 48

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种群 Population	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔高度 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	年平均相对湿度 Mean relative humidity (%)	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	地貌 Landform type	坡度 Slope degree (°)	土壤类型 Soil type	林分类型 Stand type	林分平均胸径 DBH ± SD (cm)
兴义坝汪 Bawang, Xingyi (BW)	104.83°	24.70°	872.1	17.1	79.6	1 301.7	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	10-15	砖红壤 Latosol	松栎混交林 Pine-oak forest	26.03 ± 7.94
册亨弼佑 Biyou, Ceheng (BY)	106.00°	24.78°	701.0	18.7	78.8	1 244.7	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	25-30	砖红壤 Latosol	松栎混交林 Pine-oak forest	23.61 ± 8.44
兴义岔江 Chajiang, Xingyi (CJ)	104.68°	25.07°	1 250.8	16.0	79.8	1 413.0	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	15-20	砖红壤 Latosol	松栎混交林 Pine-oak forest	24.94 ± 9.79
望谟大观 Daguan, Wangmo (DG)	106.27°	25.08°	870.0	18.7	78.1	1 211.6	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	10-15	砖红壤 Latosol	松栎混交林 Pine-oak forest	32.64 ± 11.28
罗甸大亭 Dating, Luodian (DT)	106.93°	25.30°	1 087.1	17.8	78.6	1 157.0	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	15-20	砖红壤 Latosol	纯林 Pure stand	24.56 ± 5.73
安龙钱相 Qianxiang, Anlong (QX)	105.48°	25.20°	1 378.9	15.4	79.4	1 278.9	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	5-10	砖红壤 Latosol	纯林 Pure stand	20.65 ± 8.23
安龙新桥 Xinqiao, Anlong (XQ)	105.28°	25.15°	1 315.0	16.1	79.6	1 266.9	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	10-15	砖红壤 Latosol	松栎混交林 Pine-oak forest	26.29 ± 13.19
罗甸伍家坟 Wujiafen, Luodian (WJ)	106.93°	25.48°	776.2	17.5	78.7	1 157.3	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	25-30	砖红壤 Latosol	纯林 Pure stand	35.74 ± 8.38

种群 Population	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔高度 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	年平均相对湿度 Mean relative humidity (%)	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	地貌 Landform type	坡度 Slope degree (°)	土壤类型 Soil type	林分类型 Stand type	林分平均胸径 DBH ± SD (cm)
兴义坝汪 Bawang, Xingyi (BW)	104.83°	24.70°	872.1	17.1	79.6	1 301.7	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	10-15	砖红壤 Latosol	松栎混交林 Pine-oak forest	26.03 ± 7.94
册亨弼佑 Biyou, Ceheng (BY)	106.00°	24.78°	701.0	18.7	78.8	1 244.7	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	25-30	砖红壤 Latosol	松栎混交林 Pine-oak forest	23.61 ± 8.44
兴义岔江 Chajiang, Xingyi (CJ)	104.68°	25.07°	1 250.8	16.0	79.8	1 413.0	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	15-20	砖红壤 Latosol	松栎混交林 Pine-oak forest	24.94 ± 9.79
望谟大观 Daguan, Wangmo (DG)	106.27°	25.08°	870.0	18.7	78.1	1 211.6	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	10-15	砖红壤 Latosol	松栎混交林 Pine-oak forest	32.64 ± 11.28
罗甸大亭 Dating, Luodian (DT)	106.93°	25.30°	1 087.1	17.8	78.6	1 157.0	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	15-20	砖红壤 Latosol	纯林 Pure stand	24.56 ± 5.73
安龙钱相 Qianxiang, Anlong (QX)	105.48°	25.20°	1 378.9	15.4	79.4	1 278.9	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	5-10	砖红壤 Latosol	纯林 Pure stand	20.65 ± 8.23
安龙新桥 Xinqiao, Anlong (XQ)	105.28°	25.15°	1 315.0	16.1	79.6	1 266.9	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	10-15	砖红壤 Latosol	松栎混交林 Pine-oak forest	26.29 ± 13.19
罗甸伍家坟 Wujiafen, Luodian (WJ)	106.93°	25.48°	776.2	17.5	78.7	1 157.3	山地峡谷 Mountain gulch	25-30	砖红壤 Latosol	纯林 Pure stand	35.74 ± 8.38

性状Trait	均方 Mean square			F
性状Trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations
CL	4 460.408	831.114	42.857	104.075^***	19.393^***
CW	596.236	173.065	5.813	102.560^***	29.770^***
CR	0.995	0.240	0.017	58.159^***	14.041^***
FM	11 240.191	2 093.936	81.514	137.893^***	25.688^***
SL	27.586	11.767	0.122	226.300^***	96.532^***
SW	5.184	2.726	0.065	79.562^***	41.835^***
SR	16.907	7.154	0.102	166.553^***	70.471^***
TSM	97.442	48.754	0.418	233.050^***	116.603^***
WL	647.766	335.707	2.428	266.774^***	138.257^***
WW	25.997	19.652	0.375	69.362^***	52.433^***
WR	1.045	0.658	0.020	52.216^***	32.874^***

性状Trait	均方 Mean square			F
性状Trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations
CL	4 460.408	831.114	42.857	104.075^***	19.393^***
CW	596.236	173.065	5.813	102.560^***	29.770^***
CR	0.995	0.240	0.017	58.159^***	14.041^***
FM	11 240.191	2 093.936	81.514	137.893^***	25.688^***
SL	27.586	11.767	0.122	226.300^***	96.532^***
SW	5.184	2.726	0.065	79.562^***	41.835^***
SR	16.907	7.154	0.102	166.553^***	70.471^***
TSM	97.442	48.754	0.418	233.050^***	116.603^***
WL	647.766	335.707	2.428	266.774^***	138.257^***
WW	25.997	19.652	0.375	69.362^***	52.433^***
WR	1.045	0.658	0.020	52.216^***	32.874^***

种群 Population	CL (mm) (SD)	CW (mm) (SD)	CR (SD)	FM (g) (SD)	SL (mm) (SD)	SW (mm) (SD)	SR (SD)	TSM (g) (SD)	WL (mm) (SD)	WW (mm) (SD)	WR (SD)
兴义坝汪 Bawang, Xingyi	53.72^g (9.64)	31.52^d (4.07)	1.70^e (0.18)	26.07^f (11.94)	5.54^c (0.75)	3.18^d (0.38)	1.76^b (0.28)	11.88^e (2.73)	17.70^e (3.18)	5.78^e (1.01)	3.11^d (0.58)
册亨弼佑 Biyou, Ceheng	63.10^de (9.76)	34.18^c (3.90)	1.85^b (0.20)	40.37^d (14.13)	5.79^b (0.57)	3.41^b (0.36)	1.70^c (0.15)	14.81^bcd (2.93)	19.66^c (2.93)	6.00^d (0.94)	3.32^b (0.51)
兴义岔江 Chajiang, Xingyi	60.81^e (11.73)	34.78^c (5.32)	1.75^de (0.21)	39.62^d (17.98)	5.48^c (0.50)	3.40^b (0.35)	1.63^d (0.18)	14.91^bc (4.24)	19.70^c (2.93)	6.32^c (0.99)	3.16^d (0.46)
望谟大观 Daguan, Wangmo	63.61^cd (9.23)	36.51^b (4.55)	1.75^de (0.20)	44.69^c (14.86)	5.77^b (0.65)	3.41^b (0.32)	1.70^c (0.18)	14.42^cd (3.18)	19.49^c (3.38)	6.49^a (0.93)	3.03^e (0.49)
罗甸大亭 Dating, Luodian	67.83^b (7.01)	38.18^a (4.12)	1.78^cd (0.15)	50.32^b (14.76)	6.09^a (0.59)	3.49^a (0.26)	1.75^b (0.18)	16.78^a (2.82)	20.38^b (2.72)	6.37^abc (0.57)	3.23^c (0.57)
安龙钱相 Qianxiang, Anlong	57.51^f (12.42)	35.06^c (5.12)	1.63^f (0.16)	33.86^e (13.36)	5.36^d (0.58)	3.19^d (0.35)	1.69^c (0.13)	13.23^cde (4.46)	18.09^de (1.90)	6.45^ab (0.77)	2.83^f (0.35)
罗甸伍家坟 Wujiafen, Luodian	72.34^a (11.08)	37.22^ab (4.02)	1.94^a (0.16)	54.62^a (18.56)	6.04^a (0.49)	3.39^b (0.28)	1.79^a (0.16)	16.48^ab (2.71)	21.31^a (2.97)	6.28^c (0.69)	3.41^a (0.49)
安龙新桥 Xinqiao, Anlong	66.16^bc (9.92)	36.35^b (3.66)	1.82^bc (0.18)	47.80^bc (14.78)	5.54^c (0.54)	3.28^c (0.36)	1.70^c (0.15)	13.07^de (3.69)	18.27^d (2.79)	6.34^bc (0.83)	2.90^f (0.33)