Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1245-1256.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0389
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Fang LI1,2, Wen-Zhi ZHAO2,*
Online:
2016-12-10
Published:
2016-12-30
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Wen-Zhi ZHAO
Fang LI, Wen-Zhi ZHAO. Changes in normalized difference vegetation index of deserts and dunes with precipitation in the middle Heihe River Basin[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(12): 1245-1256.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0389
特征 Characteristics | 沙质荒漠 Dune | 砾质荒漠 Desert | |
---|---|---|---|
植被特征 Vegetation properties | 灌木盖度 Shrub cover (%) | 12.2 ± 2.8 | 11.2 ± 1.4 |
草本盖度 Grass cover (%) | 17.5 ± 2.1 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | |
植被高度 Vegetation height (cm) | 67 ± 23 | 19 ± 9 | |
归一化植被指数均值 Average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)1) | 0.132 ± 0.014 | 0.075 ± 0.008 | |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 18 | 11 | |
建群种 Dominant species | 泡泡刺 Nitraria sphaerocarpa, 沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum | 红砂 Reaumurta soongorica, 泡泡刺 Nitraria sphaerocarpa | |
土壤特征 Soil properties | 砂粒-粉粒-黏粒 Sandy-silt-clay (0-20 cm) (%) | 90-7-32) | 73-23-43) |
容重 Bulk density (0-20 cm) (g·m-3) | 1.57 ± 0.104) | 1.63 ± 0.193) | |
总孔隙度 Pore space (0-20 cm) (%) | >39 | 39 ± 73) | |
土壤水分 Soil water content5) (0-20 cm)(%) | 1.78 ± 0.46 | 2.10 ± 0.68 | |
土壤水分 Soil water content5) (20-40 cm)(%) | 2.09 ± 0.42 | 2.81 ± 0.62 | |
土壤水分 Soil water content5) (40-60 cm)(%) | 2.13 ± 0.60 | 2.27 ± 0.31 | |
土壤水分 Soil water content5) (60-180 cm)(%) | 2.02 ± 2.23 | 1.79 ± 0.33 |
Table 1 Vegetation and soil characteristics of desert and dune ecosystem located in study area (mean ± SE)
特征 Characteristics | 沙质荒漠 Dune | 砾质荒漠 Desert | |
---|---|---|---|
植被特征 Vegetation properties | 灌木盖度 Shrub cover (%) | 12.2 ± 2.8 | 11.2 ± 1.4 |
草本盖度 Grass cover (%) | 17.5 ± 2.1 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | |
植被高度 Vegetation height (cm) | 67 ± 23 | 19 ± 9 | |
归一化植被指数均值 Average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)1) | 0.132 ± 0.014 | 0.075 ± 0.008 | |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 18 | 11 | |
建群种 Dominant species | 泡泡刺 Nitraria sphaerocarpa, 沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum | 红砂 Reaumurta soongorica, 泡泡刺 Nitraria sphaerocarpa | |
土壤特征 Soil properties | 砂粒-粉粒-黏粒 Sandy-silt-clay (0-20 cm) (%) | 90-7-32) | 73-23-43) |
容重 Bulk density (0-20 cm) (g·m-3) | 1.57 ± 0.104) | 1.63 ± 0.193) | |
总孔隙度 Pore space (0-20 cm) (%) | >39 | 39 ± 73) | |
土壤水分 Soil water content5) (0-20 cm)(%) | 1.78 ± 0.46 | 2.10 ± 0.68 | |
土壤水分 Soil water content5) (20-40 cm)(%) | 2.09 ± 0.42 | 2.81 ± 0.62 | |
土壤水分 Soil water content5) (40-60 cm)(%) | 2.13 ± 0.60 | 2.27 ± 0.31 | |
土壤水分 Soil water content5) (60-180 cm)(%) | 2.02 ± 2.23 | 1.79 ± 0.33 |
年份 Years | 降水 Precipitation (mm) | 气候期 Climate period | 年份 Year | 降水 Precipitation (mm) | 气候期 Climate period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | 75.8 | 非干旱或湿润期 No dry or wet period | 2008 | 111.6 | 非干旱或湿润期 No dry or wet period |
2000 | 118.4 | 2009 | 87.3 | ||
2001 | 55.7 | 干旱期 Dry period | 2010 | 143.5 | |
2002 | 106.4 | 2011 | 188.1 | ||
2003 | 62.5 | 2012 | 105.8 | ||
2004 | 134.3 | 湿润期 Wet period | 2013 | 113.2 | |
2005 | 116.2 | 平均值* | 109.7 | ||
2006 | 122.2 | Mean* | |||
2007 | 140.2 |
Table 2 Major characteristics of precipitation in the study area during the different hydrological years in the study basin
年份 Years | 降水 Precipitation (mm) | 气候期 Climate period | 年份 Year | 降水 Precipitation (mm) | 气候期 Climate period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | 75.8 | 非干旱或湿润期 No dry or wet period | 2008 | 111.6 | 非干旱或湿润期 No dry or wet period |
2000 | 118.4 | 2009 | 87.3 | ||
2001 | 55.7 | 干旱期 Dry period | 2010 | 143.5 | |
2002 | 106.4 | 2011 | 188.1 | ||
2003 | 62.5 | 2012 | 105.8 | ||
2004 | 134.3 | 湿润期 Wet period | 2013 | 113.2 | |
2005 | 116.2 | 平均值* | 109.7 | ||
2006 | 122.2 | Mean* | |||
2007 | 140.2 |
降水 Precipitation | 因素 Factor | 自由度 df | F | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<5 mm降水 precipitation | 发生次数 Frequency | 季节 Season | 3 | 18.433 | <0.001 |
时间段 Period of time | 1 | 6.223 | 0.014 | ||
季节×时间段 Season × Period of time | 3 | 3.206 | 0.025 | ||
降水量 Precipitation | 季节 Season | 3 | 30.218 | <0.001 | |
时间段 Period of time | 1 | 3.305 | 0.071 | ||
季节×时间段 Season × Period of time | 3 | 2.950 | 0.034 | ||
>10 mm降水 precipitation | 发生次数 Frequency | 季节 Season | 3 | 27.355 | <0.001 |
时间段 Period of time | 1 | 0.477 | 0.491 | ||
季节×时间段 Season × Period of time | 3 | 0.606 | 0.612 | ||
降水量 Precipitation | 季节 Season | 3 | 25.799 | <0.001 | |
时间段 Period of time | 1 | 0.147 | 0.702 | ||
季节×时间段 Season × Period of time | 3 | 1.150 | 0.331 |
Table 3 F-statistical analysis of frequency and precipitation of small (<5 mm) and large rainfall (>10 mm) events during 1968-2000 and 2001-2012 in different seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter)
降水 Precipitation | 因素 Factor | 自由度 df | F | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<5 mm降水 precipitation | 发生次数 Frequency | 季节 Season | 3 | 18.433 | <0.001 |
时间段 Period of time | 1 | 6.223 | 0.014 | ||
季节×时间段 Season × Period of time | 3 | 3.206 | 0.025 | ||
降水量 Precipitation | 季节 Season | 3 | 30.218 | <0.001 | |
时间段 Period of time | 1 | 3.305 | 0.071 | ||
季节×时间段 Season × Period of time | 3 | 2.950 | 0.034 | ||
>10 mm降水 precipitation | 发生次数 Frequency | 季节 Season | 3 | 27.355 | <0.001 |
时间段 Period of time | 1 | 0.477 | 0.491 | ||
季节×时间段 Season × Period of time | 3 | 0.606 | 0.612 | ||
降水量 Precipitation | 季节 Season | 3 | 25.799 | <0.001 | |
时间段 Period of time | 1 | 0.147 | 0.702 | ||
季节×时间段 Season × Period of time | 3 | 1.150 | 0.331 |
Fig. 3 Relationships between the growing season accumulated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIINT) (early growing season, late growing season) and precipitation during the wet and dry years in dune and desert ecosystems. Triangles, rectangles and circles indicated NDVIINT in dry years (2001-2003), wet years (2004-2007), and normal years (2000, 2008-2012), respectively. R2, Rd2, Rw2 and p, pd, pw indicated the adjusted coefficient of determination and the probability values of significance test at dry and wet climate period (2001-2007), dry years, wet years.
Fig. 5 Changes of accumulated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIINT) during the wet and dry years at dune and desert. Triangles, rectangles and circles indicated NDVIINT in dry years (2001-2003), wet years (2004-2007) and no-trend years (2000, 2008-2012), respectively. The number of consecutive wet years is indicated in the quadratic function of the independent variable (x).
研究区 Sites | 线性回归方程 Linear regression formula | R2 | r2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
生长季 Growing season | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 1.037 + 0.003xc + 0.003xw | R2 = 0.46* | rc2 = 0.29*; rw2 = 0.17* |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 1.480 + 0.005xc + 0.007xw | R2 = 0.33* | rc2 = 0.03; rw2 = 0.29* | |
早期 Early | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 0.492 + 0.001xc + 0.001xs | R2 = 0.26* | rc2 = 0.23*; rs2 = 0.04 |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 0.734 + 0.001xc + 0.002xs | R2 = 0.08 | rc2 = 0.02; rs2 = 0.06 | |
晚期 Late | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 0.604 + 0.002xc + 0.002xw | R2 = 0.42* | rc2 = 0.22*; rw2 = 0.20* |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 0.822 + 0.003xc + 0.002xw | R2 = 0.35* | rc2 = 0.01; rw2 = 0.34* |
Table 4 Linear regression models for the relationships between the accumulated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIINT) of the entire- (May to September), early- (May to June), and late-growing-season (July to September) precipitation for different periods of the year at dunes and deserts
研究区 Sites | 线性回归方程 Linear regression formula | R2 | r2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
生长季 Growing season | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 1.037 + 0.003xc + 0.003xw | R2 = 0.46* | rc2 = 0.29*; rw2 = 0.17* |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 1.480 + 0.005xc + 0.007xw | R2 = 0.33* | rc2 = 0.03; rw2 = 0.29* | |
早期 Early | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 0.492 + 0.001xc + 0.001xs | R2 = 0.26* | rc2 = 0.23*; rs2 = 0.04 |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 0.734 + 0.001xc + 0.002xs | R2 = 0.08 | rc2 = 0.02; rs2 = 0.06 | |
晚期 Late | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 0.604 + 0.002xc + 0.002xw | R2 = 0.42* | rc2 = 0.22*; rw2 = 0.20* |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 0.822 + 0.003xc + 0.002xw | R2 = 0.35* | rc2 = 0.01; rw2 = 0.34* |
研究区 Sites | 线性回归方程 Linear regression formula | R2 | r2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
生长季 Growing season | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 0.384 + 0.003xh + 0.527pt-1 | R2 = 0.73* | rh2 = 0.40*; rt-12 = 0.34* |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 0.659 + 0.005xh + 0.466pt-1 | R2 = 0.60* | rh2 = 0.35*; rt-12 = 0.24* | |
早期 Early | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 0.245 + 0.001xc + 0.192pt-1 | R2 = 0.47* | rc2 = 0.20*; rt-12 = 0.27* |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 0.427 + 0.001xc + 0.170pt-1 | R2 = 0.49* | rc2 = 0.01; rt-12 = 0.48* | |
晚期 Late | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 0.140 + 0.002xh + 0.378pt-1 | R2 = 0.70* | rh2 = 0.34*; rt-12 = 0.36* |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 0.262 + 0.004xh + 0.325pt-1 | R2 = 0.50* | rh2 = 0.33*; rt-12 = 0.17 |
Table 5 Linear regression models for the relationships between the accumulated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIINT) of the entire- (May to September), early- (May to June), and late-growing-season (July to September) precipitation and hydrological year precipitation (Ph) and the previous normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIINT-pys) at dune and desert
研究区 Sites | 线性回归方程 Linear regression formula | R2 | r2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
生长季 Growing season | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 0.384 + 0.003xh + 0.527pt-1 | R2 = 0.73* | rh2 = 0.40*; rt-12 = 0.34* |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 0.659 + 0.005xh + 0.466pt-1 | R2 = 0.60* | rh2 = 0.35*; rt-12 = 0.24* | |
早期 Early | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 0.245 + 0.001xc + 0.192pt-1 | R2 = 0.47* | rc2 = 0.20*; rt-12 = 0.27* |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 0.427 + 0.001xc + 0.170pt-1 | R2 = 0.49* | rc2 = 0.01; rt-12 = 0.48* | |
晚期 Late | 砾质荒漠 Desert | pt = 0.140 + 0.002xh + 0.378pt-1 | R2 = 0.70* | rh2 = 0.34*; rt-12 = 0.36* |
沙质荒漠 Dune | pt = 0.262 + 0.004xh + 0.325pt-1 | R2 = 0.50* | rh2 = 0.33*; rt-12 = 0.17 |
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