Specific volatiles of Ficus plants determine host preference behavior of Gynaikothrips uzeli

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0121

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Gynaikothrips uzeli is a major quarantine pest attacking Ficusplants. To seek effective and sustainable methods to control the pest, it is necessary to assess its host preference among different Ficusspecies and understand the critical factors of this behavior.

Methods In this study, the behavioral preference of G. uzeli to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of three potted Ficusspecies were evaluated. The VOCs released by the three Ficus species were analyzed using GC-MS, and the major compnents were used to test the pest preference. Based on the transcriptome analyses, we inferred the key genes that affect the biosyntheses of those VOCs.

Important findings Behavioral preference of G. uzeli to the VOCs of the three Ficusspecies is F. benjamina > F. microcarpa > F. elastica.The behavioral preference of G. uzeliwas significantly positively related to the relative content of β-cyclocitral, β-maaliene, β-copaene, and significantly negatively related to the relative content of trans-α-bergamotene. A significantly positive relationship was found between the relative content of β-cyclocitral and the expression of gene Fm.09G0004550 (CCD4). Moreover, the relative content of β-maaliene was significantly positively related to the expression of gene Fm.newGene1857(STPS) and Fm.newGene6827 (VIT_19s0014g04930). The relative content of β-copaene was significantly positively related to the expression of gene Fm.11G0000860 (LUP2) and Fm.newGene1857 (STPS). The relative content of trans-α-bergamotene was significantly positively associated with the expression of gene Fm.13G0003820 (LUS1) and Fm.newGene489 (GgbAS1). The above findings suggest that four terpenes (β-cyclocitral, β-maaliene, β-copaene and trans-α-bergamotene) determine the behavioral preference of G. uzeli to Ficus plants, and their biosyntheses might be mainly affected by six terpene synthase genes (Fm.09G0004550, Fm.11G0000860, Fm.newGene1857, Fm.newGene6827, Fm.13G0003820 and Fm.newGene489).

Key words: Ficus, terpene volatiles, Gynaikothrips uzeli, behavioral preference, terpene synthase genes

HUANG Peng, LIN Yong-Wen, ZHANG Jie, YAO Jin-Ai, YU De-Yi. Specific volatiles of Ficus plants determine host preference behavior of Gynaikothrips uzeli[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(7): 954-966.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0121

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I7/954

Figures/Tables 9

References 60

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基因 Gene	正向引物 Forward sequence	反向引物 Reverse sequence	基因描述 Gene description
Fm.09G0004550	ACTTTCGTGGTGATGGAT	GTCCGCTTCCTTGATAAAG	参与类胡萝卜素生物裂解, 编码类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶CCD4 Participates in carotenoid biolysis, encodes the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD4
Fm.11G0000860	GAACTCTCAACACTTGGTT	CACCCAATTATCGCCAAT	参与倍半萜和三萜生物合成, 编码倍半萜合成酶LUP2 Participates in sesquiterpene and triterpene biosynthesis, encodes the sesquiterpene synthetase LUP2
Fm.newGene1857	AGAGGAAGAAGCGGTTGAAGA	CATTGGAACACTGATTGGGTAGAG	参与倍半萜生物合成, 编码倍半萜合成酶STPS Participates in sesquiterpene biosynthesis, encodes the sesquiterpene synthetase STPS
Fm.newGene6827	GCTAATGAAGAATGCCTCCATA	GCCATCTCCATCTAAGTACATC	参与倍半萜生物合成, 编码倍半萜合成酶VIT 19s0014g04930 Participates in sesquiterpene biosynthesis, encodes the sesquiterpene synthetase VIT 19s0014g04930
Fm.13G0003820	TCCAGACTCTGGTCCTCTTTAG	CATGAACCATCAGGGTTTTGC	参与倍半萜和三萜生物合成, 编码倍半萜合成酶LUS1 Participates in sesquiterpene and triterpene biosynthesis, encodes the sesquiterpene synthetase LUS1
Fm.newGene489	TAACCATCGGATGTGTTGAG	CTCTCGGAATATGCTTCTTGA	参与倍半萜和三萜生物合成, 编码倍半萜合成酶GgbAS1 Participates in sesquiterpene and triterpene biosynthesis, encodes the sesquiterpene synthetase GgbAS1
max2	CGGAGTTCTACTACTGGACGG	GGGACAAGCCTCGGTGAT	内参基因, 编码蛋白F-box Reference gene, encodes the protein F-box

基因 Gene	正向引物 Forward sequence	反向引物 Reverse sequence	基因描述 Gene description
Fm.09G0004550	ACTTTCGTGGTGATGGAT	GTCCGCTTCCTTGATAAAG	参与类胡萝卜素生物裂解, 编码类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶CCD4 Participates in carotenoid biolysis, encodes the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD4
Fm.11G0000860	GAACTCTCAACACTTGGTT	CACCCAATTATCGCCAAT	参与倍半萜和三萜生物合成, 编码倍半萜合成酶LUP2 Participates in sesquiterpene and triterpene biosynthesis, encodes the sesquiterpene synthetase LUP2
Fm.newGene1857	AGAGGAAGAAGCGGTTGAAGA	CATTGGAACACTGATTGGGTAGAG	参与倍半萜生物合成, 编码倍半萜合成酶STPS Participates in sesquiterpene biosynthesis, encodes the sesquiterpene synthetase STPS
Fm.newGene6827	GCTAATGAAGAATGCCTCCATA	GCCATCTCCATCTAAGTACATC	参与倍半萜生物合成, 编码倍半萜合成酶VIT 19s0014g04930 Participates in sesquiterpene biosynthesis, encodes the sesquiterpene synthetase VIT 19s0014g04930
Fm.13G0003820	TCCAGACTCTGGTCCTCTTTAG	CATGAACCATCAGGGTTTTGC	参与倍半萜和三萜生物合成, 编码倍半萜合成酶LUS1 Participates in sesquiterpene and triterpene biosynthesis, encodes the sesquiterpene synthetase LUS1
Fm.newGene489	TAACCATCGGATGTGTTGAG	CTCTCGGAATATGCTTCTTGA	参与倍半萜和三萜生物合成, 编码倍半萜合成酶GgbAS1 Participates in sesquiterpene and triterpene biosynthesis, encodes the sesquiterpene synthetase GgbAS1
max2	CGGAGTTCTACTACTGGACGG	GGGACAAGCCTCGGTGAT	内参基因, 编码蛋白F-box Reference gene, encodes the protein F-box

挥发物成分 VOCs name	相对含量 Relative content (%)			r	p
挥发物成分 VOCs name	垂叶榕 F. benjamina	人参榕 F. microcarpa	印度榕 F. elastica	r	p
β-环柠檬醛 β-cyclocitral	2.84 ± 013^a	2.32 ± 0.32^ab	0.96 ± 0.50^b	0.999 5	0.020 0
β-马榄烯 β-maaliene	0.37 ± 0.05^a	0.29 ± 0.05^a	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.996 0	0.044 2
β-古巴烯 β-copaene	0.12 ± 0.02^a	0.08 ± 0.03^ab	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.999 3	0.023 4
胆甾-3, 5-二烯 Cholesta-3,5-diene	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.43 ± 0.21^b	4.26 ± 1.44^a	-0.979 1	0.093 7
顺-α-香柑油烯 Cis-α-bergamotene	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.14 ± 0.14^b	3.02 ± 0.57^a	-0.967 5	0.094 8
反-11-十八烯酸甲酯 Trans-11-octadecenoate	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.19 ± 0.10^ab	0.45 ± 0.10^a	-0.990 6	0.087 4
反-α-香柑油烯 Trans-α-bergamotene	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.13 ± 0.07^b	0.43 ± 0.06^a	-1.000 0	0.001 6

挥发物成分 VOCs name	相对含量 Relative content (%)			r	p
挥发物成分 VOCs name	垂叶榕 F. benjamina	人参榕 F. microcarpa	印度榕 F. elastica	r	p
β-环柠檬醛 β-cyclocitral	2.84 ± 013^a	2.32 ± 0.32^ab	0.96 ± 0.50^b	0.999 5	0.020 0
β-马榄烯 β-maaliene	0.37 ± 0.05^a	0.29 ± 0.05^a	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.996 0	0.044 2
β-古巴烯 β-copaene	0.12 ± 0.02^a	0.08 ± 0.03^ab	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.999 3	0.023 4
胆甾-3, 5-二烯 Cholesta-3,5-diene	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.43 ± 0.21^b	4.26 ± 1.44^a	-0.979 1	0.093 7
顺-α-香柑油烯 Cis-α-bergamotene	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.14 ± 0.14^b	3.02 ± 0.57^a	-0.967 5	0.094 8
反-11-十八烯酸甲酯 Trans-11-octadecenoate	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.19 ± 0.10^ab	0.45 ± 0.10^a	-0.990 6	0.087 4
反-α-香柑油烯 Trans-α-bergamotene	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.13 ± 0.07^b	0.43 ± 0.06^a	-1.000 0	0.001 6

挥发物成分 VOCs name	基因名 (注释) Gene name (annotation)	r	p
β-环柠檬醛 β-cyclocitral	Fm.09G0004550 (CCD4)	0.998 3	0.037 5
β-马榄烯 β-maaliene	Fm.11G0000860 (LUP2)	0.988 0	0.098 7
	Fm.newGene1857 (STPS)	0.997 8	0.042 0
	Fm.newGene6827 (VIT_19s0014g04930)	0.999 8	0.019 1
β-古巴烯 β-copaene	Fm.11G0000860 (LUP2)	0.999 6	0.018 1
	Fm.newGene1857 (STPS)	0.998 2	0.038 6
	Fm.newGene6827 (VIT_19s0014g04930)	0.987 8	0.099 7
反-α-香柑油烯 Trans-α-bergamotene	Fm.13G0003820 (LUS1)	0.997 6	0.044 3
反-α-香柑油烯 Trans-α-bergamotene	Fm.newGene489 (GgbAS1)	0.999 2	0.025 0