Diversity pattern and formation mechanism of sympatric Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum in Xinjiang, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0343

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims In order to understand the development and evolution of xerophyte flora, it is important to explore the effects of the Quaternary climatic fluctuations and geological events on the distribution, genetic differentiation and evolution of Haloxylon ammodendron and H. persicum in the Gurbantünggüt Desert.

Methods Two chloroplast DNA spacers (trnS-trnG and trnV) were sequenced for 225 individuals from 19 naturally distributed H. ammodendron populations and 106 individuals from 12 H. persicum populations in Xinjiang. Haplotype Network analysis (Network), Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA), Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), Bayesian inference trees (BEAST), and Geographically weighted regression (GWR) were integrated to reveal the genetic diversity and environmental interpretation of different geographic populations within and between species, to estimate the time of interspecific lineage divergence and to analyze the demographical history.

Important findings (1) A total of 21 chloroplast haplotypes were identified, and H. ammodendron and H. persicum were clustered into independent clades. (2) Nearly 80% of the genetic variation occurred between species and among different geographical populations of H. ammodendron. The interspecies differentiation occurred from the late Pliocene to the early Pleistocene, which may have been affected by increasing aridity, mountain uplift on the Qingzang Plateau and desert expansion. (3) The results of the geographically weighted regression model showed distinct effects of the environmental factors on spatial heterogeneity of genetic diversity for H. ammodendron and H. persicum. On the whole, the climatic and soil factors had dominated the spatial pattern of genetic diversity for H. ammodendron and H. persicum. In the southern margin of the Gurbantünggüt Desert, climatic factors had positive effects on genetic diversity of H. ammodendron and H. persicum. In the southwestern margin of the desert, climatic factors had a positive effect on H. persicum, while soil factors had a negative effect on H. ammodendron. In the southeastern part of the desert, soil factors had a positive effect on H. ammodendron and a negative effect on H. persicum. In the Altay Region, climatic factors positively influenced both H. ammodendron and H. persicum.

Key words: Haloxylon ammodendron, Haloxylon persicum, genetic variation pattern, species differentiation, geographically weighted regression

CHEN Yu-Ting, MA Song-Mei, ZHANG Dan, ZHANG Lin, WANG Chun-Cheng. Diversity pattern and formation mechanism of sympatric Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum in Xinjiang, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(1): 56-67.

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Figures/Tables 10

References 40

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采样区域 Region	种群名称 Population name	编码 Code		经纬度 Latitude (N)/ longitude (E)	采样个数 Sample size	cpDNA
采样区域 Region	种群名称 Population name	编码 Code		经纬度 Latitude (N)/ longitude (E)	采样个数 Sample size	单倍型组成 Haplotypes	单倍型多样性 H_d	核苷酸多样性 π
	梭梭 H. ammodendron				225	4/12	0.734	0.000 8
DSW (SG)	博乐火车站旁沙漠 Desert near the Bole Train Station	XBL		44.93°/82.65°	7	0/2	0.457	0.007 0
	克拉玛依碳汇林基地 Karamay Carbon Sequestration Base	XKM		44.92°/83.94°	12	1/1	0.442	0.003 0
	甘家湖梭梭自然保护区 Ganjiahu Saxoul Nature Reserve	XGH		44.92°/83.97°	13	0/2	0.485	0.005 0
DZS (SG)	石河子134团下野地镇 Xiayedi Town of Shihezi Group 134	XSY		44.74°/85.42°	15	0/3	0.476	0.002 1
	石河子135团沙门子镇 Shamenzi Town of Shihezi Group 135	XSB		44.88°/85.25°	14	0/4	0.539	0.004 0
	石河子134团安吉海镇 Anjihai Town of Shihezi Group 134	XSS		44.71°/85.39°	15	0/3	0.133	0.004 0
	石河子市南山风景区 Nanshan Scenic Spot of Shihezi City	XSN		44.73°/85.29°	13	0/1	-	-
	石河子市丰泽镇 Fengze Town of Shihezi City	XSA		44.60°/85.59°	14	0/1	-	-
	沙湾市四道河子镇 Sidaohezi Town of Shawan City	XSW		44.74°/85.69°	8	0/2	0.429	0.004 0
	石河子149团莫索湾垦区 Mosuowan Reclamation Area of Shihezi Group 149	XSC		45.22°/86.27°	11	0/3	0.691	0.002 0
	石河子150团 Shihezi Group 150	XSD		45.19°/86.35°	10	0/2	0.429	0.003 0
DES (SG)	昌吉回族自治州芳草湖农场 Fangcaohu Farm in Changji Hui Zu Autonomous Prefecture	XFH		44.51°/86.83°	12	0/1	-	-
	阜康市222团 Fukang City Group 222	XFK		44.26°/87.96°	12	0/2	0.476	0.004 0
	奇台县北沙窝 Beishawo of Qitai County	XQT		44.62°/88.37°	8	1/2	0.607	0.008 0
	和硕县马兰 Malan of Heshuo County	XML		42.17°/87.26°	11	0/1	-	-
ALT (NG)	布尔津大桥 Burqin Bridge	XBJ		47.68°/86.87°	11	1/2	0.546	0.003 0
	布尔津县 Burqin County	XBE		47.54°/87.15°	14	0/2	0.264	0.004 0
	北屯-布尔津 Beitun-Burqin	XBB		47.35°/87.67°	10	1/2	0.200	0.001 0
	乌伦古湖 Ulungur Lake	XWG		47.02°/87.35°	15	0/1	-	-
	白梭梭 H. persicum				106	1/9	0.749	0.001 0
DSW	甘家湖梭梭自然保护区 Ganjiahu Saxoul Nature Reserve		BGH	44.92°/83.97°	12	0/3	0.530	0.003 0
DZS	石河子135团沙门子镇 Shamenzi Town of Shihezi Group 135		BSB	44.89°/85.25°	13	0/2	0.282	0.003 5
	石河子134团安吉海镇 Anjihai Town of Shihezi Group 134		BSS	44.71°/85.39°	8	0/3	0.400	0.004 0
	石河子134团下野地镇 Xiayedi Town of Shihezi Group 134		BSY	44.75°/85.42°	15	0/4	0.457	0.004 2
	石河子147团北部沙漠 Desert of Northern Shihezi Group 147		BSM	44.73°/85.93°	5	0/3	0.733	0.008 0
	沙湾市柳屯县 Liutun County, Shawan City		BLT	44.37°/88.57°	10	0/3	0.250	0.002 0
	古尔班通古特沙漠南缘 Southern edge of Gurbantünggüt Desert		BGN	45.22°/86.27°	9	1/0	0.303	0.002 0
	石河子150团 Shihezi Group 150		BSD	45.07°/86.41°	10	0/2	0.533	0.003 0
	石河子149团莫索湾垦区 Mosuowan Reclamation Area of Shihezi Group 149		BSC	44.98°/86.27°	10	0/2	-	-
DES	阜康市 Fukang City		BFK	44.42°/88.33°	12	0/3	0.603	0.003 0
DES	奇台县北沙窝 Beishawo of Qitai County		BQT	44.62°/88.37°	1	0/1	-	-
ALT	阿勒泰地区福海县黄金海岸 Gold Coast of Fuhai County, Altay Region		BFH	47.20°/87.28°	1	0/1	-	-

采样区域 Region	种群名称 Population name	编码 Code		经纬度 Latitude (N)/ longitude (E)	采样个数 Sample size	cpDNA
采样区域 Region	种群名称 Population name	编码 Code		经纬度 Latitude (N)/ longitude (E)	采样个数 Sample size	单倍型组成 Haplotypes	单倍型多样性 H_d	核苷酸多样性 π
	梭梭 H. ammodendron				225	4/12	0.734	0.000 8
DSW (SG)	博乐火车站旁沙漠 Desert near the Bole Train Station	XBL		44.93°/82.65°	7	0/2	0.457	0.007 0
	克拉玛依碳汇林基地 Karamay Carbon Sequestration Base	XKM		44.92°/83.94°	12	1/1	0.442	0.003 0
	甘家湖梭梭自然保护区 Ganjiahu Saxoul Nature Reserve	XGH		44.92°/83.97°	13	0/2	0.485	0.005 0
DZS (SG)	石河子134团下野地镇 Xiayedi Town of Shihezi Group 134	XSY		44.74°/85.42°	15	0/3	0.476	0.002 1
	石河子135团沙门子镇 Shamenzi Town of Shihezi Group 135	XSB		44.88°/85.25°	14	0/4	0.539	0.004 0
	石河子134团安吉海镇 Anjihai Town of Shihezi Group 134	XSS		44.71°/85.39°	15	0/3	0.133	0.004 0
	石河子市南山风景区 Nanshan Scenic Spot of Shihezi City	XSN		44.73°/85.29°	13	0/1	-	-
	石河子市丰泽镇 Fengze Town of Shihezi City	XSA		44.60°/85.59°	14	0/1	-	-
	沙湾市四道河子镇 Sidaohezi Town of Shawan City	XSW		44.74°/85.69°	8	0/2	0.429	0.004 0
	石河子149团莫索湾垦区 Mosuowan Reclamation Area of Shihezi Group 149	XSC		45.22°/86.27°	11	0/3	0.691	0.002 0
	石河子150团 Shihezi Group 150	XSD		45.19°/86.35°	10	0/2	0.429	0.003 0
DES (SG)	昌吉回族自治州芳草湖农场 Fangcaohu Farm in Changji Hui Zu Autonomous Prefecture	XFH		44.51°/86.83°	12	0/1	-	-
	阜康市222团 Fukang City Group 222	XFK		44.26°/87.96°	12	0/2	0.476	0.004 0
	奇台县北沙窝 Beishawo of Qitai County	XQT		44.62°/88.37°	8	1/2	0.607	0.008 0
	和硕县马兰 Malan of Heshuo County	XML		42.17°/87.26°	11	0/1	-	-
ALT (NG)	布尔津大桥 Burqin Bridge	XBJ		47.68°/86.87°	11	1/2	0.546	0.003 0
	布尔津县 Burqin County	XBE		47.54°/87.15°	14	0/2	0.264	0.004 0
	北屯-布尔津 Beitun-Burqin	XBB		47.35°/87.67°	10	1/2	0.200	0.001 0
	乌伦古湖 Ulungur Lake	XWG		47.02°/87.35°	15	0/1	-	-
	白梭梭 H. persicum				106	1/9	0.749	0.001 0
DSW	甘家湖梭梭自然保护区 Ganjiahu Saxoul Nature Reserve		BGH	44.92°/83.97°	12	0/3	0.530	0.003 0
DZS	石河子135团沙门子镇 Shamenzi Town of Shihezi Group 135		BSB	44.89°/85.25°	13	0/2	0.282	0.003 5
	石河子134团安吉海镇 Anjihai Town of Shihezi Group 134		BSS	44.71°/85.39°	8	0/3	0.400	0.004 0
	石河子134团下野地镇 Xiayedi Town of Shihezi Group 134		BSY	44.75°/85.42°	15	0/4	0.457	0.004 2
	石河子147团北部沙漠 Desert of Northern Shihezi Group 147		BSM	44.73°/85.93°	5	0/3	0.733	0.008 0
	沙湾市柳屯县 Liutun County, Shawan City		BLT	44.37°/88.57°	10	0/3	0.250	0.002 0
	古尔班通古特沙漠南缘 Southern edge of Gurbantünggüt Desert		BGN	45.22°/86.27°	9	1/0	0.303	0.002 0
	石河子150团 Shihezi Group 150		BSD	45.07°/86.41°	10	0/2	0.533	0.003 0
	石河子149团莫索湾垦区 Mosuowan Reclamation Area of Shihezi Group 149		BSC	44.98°/86.27°	10	0/2	-	-
DES	阜康市 Fukang City		BFK	44.42°/88.33°	12	0/3	0.603	0.003 0
DES	奇台县北沙窝 Beishawo of Qitai County		BQT	44.62°/88.37°	1	0/1	-	-
ALT	阿勒泰地区福海县黄金海岸 Gold Coast of Fuhai County, Altay Region		BFH	47.20°/87.28°	1	0/1	-	-

梭梭 H. ammodendron	白梭梭 H. persicum
最干月降水量 Bio14	等温性 Bio3
最湿季平均气温 Bio8	最暖季平均气温 Bio10
最干季降水量 Bio17	降水季节性变异系数 Bio15
土壤堆积密度 BD	最湿月降水量 Bio13
最暖季降水量 Bio18	最湿季平均气温 Bio8
土壤热容量 TC	土壤有机碳含量 SOC
土壤有机碳含量 SOC	平均气温日较差 Bio2
土壤氮含量 TND	剖面有效水量 PAWC
年平均气温 Bio1	土壤堆积密度 BD
最干季平均气温 Bio9	最冷季平均气温 Bio11
最冷月最低气温 Bio6	土壤氮含量 TND

梭梭 H. ammodendron	白梭梭 H. persicum
最干月降水量 Bio14	等温性 Bio3
最湿季平均气温 Bio8	最暖季平均气温 Bio10
最干季降水量 Bio17	降水季节性变异系数 Bio15
土壤堆积密度 BD	最湿月降水量 Bio13
最暖季降水量 Bio18	最湿季平均气温 Bio8
土壤热容量 TC	土壤有机碳含量 SOC
土壤有机碳含量 SOC	平均气温日较差 Bio2
土壤氮含量 TND	剖面有效水量 PAWC
年平均气温 Bio1	土壤堆积密度 BD
最干季平均气温 Bio9	最冷季平均气温 Bio11
最冷月最低气温 Bio6	土壤氮含量 TND

物种 Species	总遗传多样性 Total genetic diversity (H_T)	种群内平均遗传多样性 Average genetic diversity within populations (H_S)	群体分化值 Population differentiation values (G_ST)	群体分化值 Population differentiation values (N_ST)
梭梭 H. ammodendron	0.869 (0.086)	0.094 (0.094)	0.892 (0.107)	0.901 (0.096)
白梭梭 H. persicum	0.862 (0.040)	0.155 (0.082)	0.820 (0.099)	0.832 (0.100)