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Table of Content
    Volume 17 Issue 4
    10 April 1993
      
    Research Articles
    Studies on Biomass and its Allocation of the Evergreen Broadleaved Forest in Heishiding, Guangdong
    Chen Zhang-he, Zhang Hong-da, Wang Bo-sun, Zhang Zhi-quan
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  288-298. 
    Abstract ( 1972 )   PDF (566KB) ( 897 )   Save
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    Biomass and its allocation of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Heishiding Natural Reserve was studied based on the standard trees and regression analysis (for tree layer) and clear cut (for shrub and herbaceous layer).

    1: Four regression models: (a) Y = a + bX, (b) Y = aXb, (c) Y = aebX, and (d) Y=a+blnX could be successfully applied to the forest, among which (b) and (c) had generally high r values. But for leaf biomass of the biggest standard tree group, model (a) was the only regression which was significant at acceptable confident fimit.

    2. Biomass of the forest was 357.976t·ha-1, among which trunk 223.017 (62.30%), branch 45.834 (12.80%), leaf 15.609 (4.36%), and root (excluding D≤3mm fine roots) 73.517 (20.54%). Most of the biomass (353.520t·ha-1) was in the tree laver.

    Vertical allocation of total biomass and trunk biomass showed a pyramid pattern, but that of branch biomass, demonstrated a reverse trend. Leaf biomass distributed dominantly above 15m, but below this height, there was still rather important leaf biomass, reflecting the structural complexity of the forest. LAI was 17.1. Allocation among different diameter classes presented a normal distribution.

    3. Aboveground and total biomasses were 1.27 and 1.60 times that of trunk respectively. Analysis on other tropical and subtropical forests provided similar results.

    The Production and Nutrient Contents of Litter in Forests of Ding Hu Shan Mountain
    Weng Hong, Li Zhi-an, Tu Meng-zhao, Yao Wen-hua
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  299-304. 
    Abstract ( 2305 )   PDF (368KB) ( 822 )   Save
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    The paper deals with the production and nutrient contents of litter of Dinghu Shan Mountain broad-leaved evergreen forest and coniferous forest from the period of 1983—1990.The annual litterfall is, broad-leaved evergreen forest 9.056t·ha-1·yr-1;coniferous forest 2.695t·ha-1·Yr-1. Those fractions as leaf, branch flower and fruit vary in these two types of forests.The main total nutrient contents(N, P, K, Ca, Mg) in litter for broad-leaved forest are much higher than those for coniferous forest. The annual litterfall in broad-leaved evergreen forest is less than those in tropical rain forest, but higher than those in temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest. This leads to such an implication that the litterfall is highly related to zonal climatic patterns. The alternation of high and low litterfall was found during this 8 year period. Compared with coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest offers more in the aspect of soil erosion control and soil improvement due to its high litterfall, rapid decomposition and high nutrient contents in litter.
    Growth Characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis Populations in the Western Limit of its Distribution
    Fang Jing-yun, Liu Guo-hua, Zhang Shu-huan
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  305-316. 
    Abstract ( 2039 )   PDF (637KB) ( 846 )   Save
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    In order to study growth characteristics of natural population of chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis) in the western limit of its distribution, two study sites were set up in the pine forests in Beishan with six plots and in Dongshan of Qinghai Province with five plots, Results from examining the tree height-DBH relation of individuals in populations showed that the pine forest in Dongshan was sparse considerably and its maximum tree height, an index of potential productivity of population, was 14–20m only, about 50% of that in Beishan. The fact that ratio of tree height to DBH of individual was negatively correlated to the individual size standed that individual with a smaller size had a stronger adaptability to suppressed light environment than one with a larger size. There was a clear distinction between DBH growth curves in Beishan and in Dongshan, which DBH increment decreased with an increase of population age in Dongshan, while showed an increasing tendency or unclear change with population age in Beishan. plant biomass in these two sites was greatly different, having a mean value of about 200t/ha in Beishan and 100t/ha in Dongshan. The aboveground biomass density(ABD)in these two sites had insignificant difference, a range of 7-11t/ha.m. By using the linear relationship between ABD and total basal area at breast height, the method of estimating aboveground biomass could be formulated. The relationship between population density and mean dry weight of the natural pine population was also discussed in this paper.
    Eco-economic Period Threshold for Controlling Weeds in Summer Soybeans in Beijing Region
    You Zhen-guo
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  317-323. 
    Abstract ( 1975 )   PDF (441KB) ( 617 )   Save
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    A terminology of “Eco-Economic Period Threshold For Weed Control” was proposed. On this base, field experiments were conducted during 1984, 1985 and 1991 in Beijing region to fit the functional relationships between the relative weedy or weedfree days of weeds and the relative yield of summer soybeans. Calculating models of the eco-economic period threshold for the weed control were established.Results calculated by using these models showed that the eco-economic period threshold for controlling the weeds in summer soybeans ranged from 12.4% to 31.0%, namely from 11 to 27 days after emergence in Beijing region. This is the critical period to remove all of the weed damage, to save weed control cost and to maximally utilize the role of the weed growth in reducing the loss of water, nutrients and soil during the growth season of summer soybeans.
    Niche Research of Scrub Dominant Population in Huairou Mountainous Region of Beijing Area
    Xi Wei-min
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  324-330. 
    Abstract ( 2017 )   PDF (384KB) ( 801 )   Save
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    The paper deals with the niche measurement of the dominant population of scrub in Huairou mountainous region of Beijing area. The niche breadth of 20 dominant species is calculated by using the Shannon-Wiener index and the niche overlap between those species is measured by applying the coefficient of similarity along the community and altitude gradient. It is shown that the method of measuring the niche breadth and the niche overlap is highly effective for the scrub research.
    Study on Some Plant growth characteristics Under Different Grazing Intensities in Alpine Bushland
    Han Fa, Ben Gui-ying, Shi Sheng-bo
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  331-338. 
    Abstract ( 2242 )   PDF (473KB) ( 1001 )   Save
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    This paper deals with some ecophysiological characteristies of plant growth, parameters of physiology, material accumulation and community composition in apline bushland. The results are as follows:

    1 Leaf area index and average rate of growth of some species of Gramineae, Cyperaceae m Dasiphora fruticosa alpine shrub are increased with decreaded grazing intensity. The height and coverage of the community were negatively correlated with grazing intensity (P<0.001).

    2. Changes of the aralytical growth parameters: LAR, SLA, LWR and LAI were negatively correlated with grazing intensity. Leaf area index was positively correlated with biomass (P>0.005); Aboveground biomass was negatively correlated with grazing intensity (P<0.001).

    3. The species numbers of Gramineae, Cyperaceae in Dasiphora fruticosa shrub community were decreased in heavily grazed area and increased in lightly grazed area. But the proportion of Forb was increased with heavy grazing and decreased with light grazing. Thus light grzaing in alpine scrub showed profitable for plant growth and regeneration.

    The Relation Between the Respiration and Temperature, Light Illumination, Soil Water for Aneurolepidium chinense
    Du Zhan-chi, Yang Zong-gui
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  339-344. 
    Abstract ( 2181 )   PDF (341KB) ( 744 )   Save
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    This paper deals with the relation between light respiration rate and illumination, temperature, as well as the relation between dark respiration rate and temperature for Aneurolepidium chinense under two soil water conditions. The result shows that the relationship between light respiration rate and light intensity is a nonlinear function. Light respiration rate increases quickly with increasing light intensity when light intensity is lower, while at higher lightr intensity, the rate increases much slowly. When the temperature is lower than high temperature compensation point of photosynthesis for A. chinense, light respiration rate increases with the increasing temperature within limits; when temperature reaches a certain limit, the rate decreases and then increases once again. Dark respiration rate increases with increasing temperature and increasing velocity of the rate accelerates with the increase of temperature within limits. When the soil becomes dry, light respiration rate decreases markedly and dark respiration rate decreases slightly.
    The Markov Process Modeling of Secon Dary Succession in Broadleaved Evergreen Forest in the Eastern Part of Zhejiang Province, China
    Li Xing-dong, Song Yong-chang
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  345-351. 
    Abstract ( 2022 )   PDF (354KB) ( 972 )   Save
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    The finite series(seres) in the course of plant community succession, in a sense, composes a random process. The secondary succession system of the broad-leaved evergreen forest in the eastern part of Zhejiang province is a linear system which can be described by the Markov process. The quantities of the tree-layer species of plant community are used as state variables of the Markov process. The renewal probability table of the treelayer main species of plant community in the course of natural and perturbation secondary succession, which is the first step transition matrix of the Markov process, is determined with the succession research method of spacial series substituting for time series. The natural secondary succession and the perturbation secondary succession are simulated with the Markov process model. Also, the Markov process model declared the dynamic quantities of main arboreal species of plant community in the course of secondary succession, hence it provided scientific basis for researching thoroughly the laws of broad-leaved evergreen forest secondary succession and managing forest production rationally.
    Application and Improvement of the Neighborhood Interference Model
    Zhang Yue-xi
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  352-357. 
    Abstract ( 2120 )   PDF (413KB) ( 1253 )   Save
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    This paper deals with the neighborhood interference amongst the individuals of interspecies in plant community. Based on the previous work, the improved index model of neighborhood interference and the method of collecting information in the field are put forward. Logical and ecological meanings have been increased with improvement.In this paper, the problem of regression model of neighborhood interference effect is discussed, and the optimization model under the given conditions is also studied.As an example, Pinus massoniana forest at Jinyun Shan mountain in Chongqin is studied.
    A Note on the Correction of Leaf Net Primary Production Estimated from Leaf Life Expectancy
    Xiao Yu
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  358-363. 
    Abstract ( 2088 )   PDF (282KB) ( 678 )   Save
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    The general relationship among biomass, net production and life expectancy of leaves, according to the changing of the forest and components of trees in biomass, growth and mortality of leaf populations and mathematical principles of population ecology, is developed: Pn =lnlxB/X, where Pn is net production, lx age-specific survivorship, B biomass and X life expectancy of leaves. When a population is at this equilibrium, Pn =0.693·B/X the relation becomes the common expression by which almost all the ecologists are now using to calculate leaf net primary production from the data of life expectancy when a population has a survivorship of 36.8%. Also it is proved that the common expression, only being used in a particular situation, now accepted and used widely to be user′s confusion of leaf life expectancy with leaf turnover time, the use of the method appears to increase the results by as high as 30% or more. Two case studies are discussed here to show that, an overestimation of net primary production is unavoidable by using life expectancy of 0—1 age-class to compute it. The formula proposed in this paper is used to correct some of the calculated values of net production. The results show that Corrected values are well in accordance with those observed in practical situation.
    Researches on Litterfall Distributed in Seven Forests at Varied Altitudes, on Ailao Mountain, Yunan
    Deng Chun-zhang, Hou Jian-ping, Li Shou-chang, Zhao Heng-kang, Fu Jun
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  364-370. 
    Abstract ( 2133 )   PDF (451KB) ( 811 )   Save
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    In this paper, the litterfall productions, compositions. Seasonal distributions and nutrient element tumovers were compared on the seven forest types distributed on the east and the west vertical zones in Ailao Mountain.

    The results are useful for recognizing litterfall element returns in the forests in Southwest monaoon area, subtropical montane forests manergement, rational exploitation and protection of soil source, and enhance of productivity.

    A Preliminary Study on the Biomass and Primary Production of a Fargesia scabrida Forest in the Baishuijiang Nature Reserve, Gansu Province
    Huang Hua-li
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  371-377. 
    Abstract ( 2060 )   PDF (434KB) ( 992 )   Save
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    The biomass and primary production of a natural Fargesia scabrida forest were determined based upon the regression models obtained by measuring the average basal diameter (D), density (N), plant height (H), and the dry weights of stems(Ws), branches(WB), leaves(WL) and rhizomes(WR) of Fargesia scabrida plants in the sampling quadrats. The regression models are as follows:

    Ws=160.942+0.227(D2NH) p<0.001

    WB=76.008+0.039(D2NH) p<0.001

    WL=80.643+0.051(D2NH) p<0.001

    WR=285.554+0.074(D2NH) p<0.001

    By using these models, we calculated that the biomasses of stems, branches, leaves and rhizomes were 7.558 t/ha., 1.782 t/ha., 2.143 t/ha. and 4.795 t/ha., respectively. The total biomass was 16.278 t/ha. The net primary production was estimated to be 3.256 t/ha./yr.

    Regeneration Study on the Seasonal Rainforest in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan
    Wu Bang-xing, Xiang Ying-hai
    Chin J Plan Ecolo. 1993, 17 (4):  378-385. 
    Abstract ( 2132 )   PDF (487KB) ( 826 )   Save
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    This paper deals with the regeneration of seasonal rainforest based on permanent research and ecological requevalence of floristic composition. The result showed that the rainforest has higher annual output of seed and a storage pool of seed from mid-below layer of litter to the upper layer of soil at 2—4cm in depth. The seed germination, seedling growth is good in rainy season, death of seedling is caused by dry drought, rainy rot die and insect rat-bit, foggy leaf rust respectively. One or two year seedlings die easier than old seedlings. The cyclical seed germination, seedling growth, suppressiving, dying, survive and recruitment year after year are charateristics of local rainforest regeneration. It can gradually increase seed germination, seedling growth when removing the litter and fern(Pleocnemia) layers, retaining fern and turn up soil 30cm or remove fern, litter and turn it up 20cm and is beneficial to regeneration. Above mentioned result indicates that the three layers are main ecological factors.Many extreme shade tolerant species appear to regenerate without forest gaps, those light demanding species are absolutely dependent on gaps for their regeneration these seedlings need to pass drought and suppressive phases and then, develope into climax or pioneer real regenerative seedlings and saplings, among them seedlings of climax species are playing an important role in regeneration, are common features of rainforest. The seedlings and saplings of dominant species rare, and the seedlings and saplings of frequent species relative more, this forest will be replacing those frequent species with small relative abundance, it has been formating cyclical mosaic regeneration .

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