Having reviewed briefly the evaluation of the natural grassland resources of China, we turn our attention mainly to those factors that play an important part in the evaluation of these resources. A mathematical model of three-stage multifactorial evaluation of the natural grassland resources is proposed here by exploiting the relationships among those factors. This is the first time that such a mathematical model has been applied to the overall evaluation of these natural resources in China. To verify the accuracy of the model, we evaluated four types of the resources according to this model and a description of the process of computation in detail is given. It is proved that the model is highly accurate and is suitable for the evaluation of the natural grassland resources of China.

This paper first describes the distribution of the Manglietia and M. fordiana in China that is the dominant or the main associate or companion species in the forest vegetation in certain subtropical regions of the country, and then, it makes an analysis of the rare Forests that takes the Manglietia fordiana as its community-forming species. Manglietia fordiana is distributed in Jiangxi in the Jinggang Mountain and the Guanshan Nature Reserve. In order to provide original data for the protection of species like the Manglietia fordiana, the authors propose that studies should be made on vegetation types that are formed mainly of rare plants.

The Fagus lucida forests of Guizhou distribute mainly in the district of Kuankuoshui in northern Guizhou and the East Fanjin Mountain region in the northeastern part of the province. Analysis of the structure and dynamics of these forests shows that their composition and structure is stable. Though some of the Fagus lucida forests have only a small amount of seedings and saplings. Due to the long life-span, great potentiality of propagation and wide range adaptability to sunlight. The generation of Fagus lucida can be continued. Therefore, the Fagus lucida forests are the stable community in these regions.

In this paper, the authors analyse on geographical distribution, climatic and soil adaptability, nutrient absorption and cycling, and photosynthesis rate of Tapiscia sinensis. It has been found that T. sinensis distributes sporadically in sub, tropical, medium lower-medium height mountainous regions. It is a tree with great adaptability to acidity in soils with pH values of 4.5 to 8.5 and can grow in cool climate, plentiful rainfall, great humidity, loose and well drained soil with abundant organic matters and nitrogen. The young plant and the grown tree can stand moderate shade. T. sinensis could accumulates much minerals in its growing process. Its trunk, branches and leaves contain much of minerals so it is important to preserve its litter in order to preserve the fertility of the forest soil.

Populus gansuensis is a species of trees that are being planted extensively in the Hexi Region of Gansu Province. Some people calls it an ideal species of trees for the afforestation of the Hexi Region.The P. gansuensis’s survival rate in afforestation is very high, generally over 90%. Its growth is extremely rapid, the average annual growth of tree in height being 1–1.8m and in diameter 1.5–3.4cm, faster than that of the P. pyramidalis and the P. simonii. Its adaptability to environment is also stronger, for example, it is able to grow on different soils loam, sandy loam, sand, sand-gravel, etc.; it resists drought, dry-heat wind and wind-sand flow; it can also withstands salinity soil to certain degree.It has been shown that the xeromorphic structure of P. gansuensis is remarkably striking through test and research of morphological anatomy and water physiology. Its water physiology also shows stronger adaptability to circumstances.Summing up all the above can say that the P. gansuensis is a fine kind of trees for afforestation in the region of oases of the Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province, and therefore it should be highly recommended for afforestation.

The Mosowan District is situated in the southwestern part of the Junggar Basin. It is covered mainly with fixed and semi-fixed sand and sand dunes, and is part of the vast Gurbantunggut Sandy Desert. With a typically temperate desert climate, the dominant vegetation hece is temperate dwarf semiarbor communities.Though the climate is severely continental, yet the ephemerals develop rather well because of the following reasons: 1) In spite of scarcity of annual rainfall, there is a certain amount of accumulated winter snow and spring rainfall, which provide the ephemerals with favourable moisture. 2)The substrate consists of loose sand which, with weak capillarity, can keep to some extent moisture from evaporation during the dry period of the year. From spring to early summer, the ephemerals with their shallow root systems can sufficiently use the water of the moist sand substrate. 3) Though winter is severe and summer is very hot, yet spring is mild, and heat is enough for their highly efficient photosynthetic system to work, and the great daily temperate rang(, is favourable for the accumulation of photosynthetic products.42 species of ephemerals have been recorded in the Mosowan District. They belong to 38 genera and 16 families. Ephemerals in the Mosowan District are important members of the two communities of Haloxyneta. Their great coverage and biomass make them important in the spring production structure. They form special spring synusiae of communities. Besides, they occur usually as conglomerates on the bare substrate and constitute the pioneer stage of community development.

The present paper expounds the ecological characters and distribution of Nostoc flagelliforme in Siziwangqi county, Inner Mongolia. In this region, the abundance of N. flagelliforme increases from south to north according to the diminution of annual precipitations. In the South and midst parts the steppe and desert steppe region, the distribution of N. flagelliforme is scattered. In the small half-shrub desert region where the dominant species are Salsola passerina and Reaumuria soongorica, the distribution of N. flagelliforme is concentrative and associated with special types of communities. N. flagelliforme seems to be capable of adapting to drought environment conditions and some of its ecological characters can be summed up as follows: resistantance to drought, high temperature, salinity, alkalinity and soil impoverishment and effective adaptation to low light intensity and resistlessness to moisture, the soil rich in calcium is essential to the growth and distribution of N. flagelliforme. Some suggestions for the preservation, exploitation and utilization of this wild .resources are also offered.

The earth’s surface landscape classification was obtained by computer analysis of LANDSAT multispectral data. Clustering analysis of spectral data provides an element, repeatable classification based upon spectral characteristics of earth’s surface landscape. The classification procedure repeated until the data are classified into the natural clusters. In this experiment, the clustering algorithm yields 17(0–16) types of earth′s surface landscape by 8 iterations.The accuracy of the classification was verified by a comparison with aerial photography andground investigation, and the agreement was in the order of 83%. The results from automatic classification were satisfactory.

The Nanwan Rare Animals Reserve in Hainan Island is the only reserve area in China for the Macaca mulatta protect district with an area of 15000mu (1000 hectares) with a poputation of 550–650 of the animal. In addition the reserve has also 36 kinds of animals including Cervus unicolor, Acanthion subcristatus, Manis pentadactyla, 25 species of birds and 388 species of plants of 309 genera of 110 families. According to the principle of plant ecologyphysiognomy, this vegetation can be divided into three forms. 1. Mixed shrub and herb colonies, 2. Sand spiny shrubs, 3. Secondary evergreen monsoon forests or secondary tropical rain forests.