The influence of Pb mixed in soil on soybeans and hydroponic rice was studied.The distribution of Pb in the plant-soil system was found by experiments. It was found that the Pb mixed in the soil was only absorbed 0.1--0.3% by the plants, and the greatest part of the rest remained in the soil. From 90--98% of the Pb absorbed by the plants accumulated in the roots, which will increase as the content of Pb does in the soil, and 2–10% of the Pb absorbed accumulated in the stems and leaves. Less than 0.1% or none of the Pb accumulated in the edible part of the plants. The effect of toxicity of Pb on the growth and development of the plants was not serious, and no visible injuries exhibited, hut the photosynthesis of the soybean and the photosynthesis-transpiration of the rice were evidently inhibited. This shows that two physiological indices of the soybean and rice are pretty sensitive response to Pb.

In this paper, the author investigated the environments of climatological ecology suitable to the planting and growth of Panax ginseng and the effects of topographical micro-climates of various landforms, and then proposed the local topographical conditions suitable to the cultivation of Panax ginseng in the mountain regions in eastern Liaoning Province. For suitable soil conditions, favourable to the growing of Panax ginseng, and the low lands on the slopes in the valleys of the main tributaries of the Heilungjiang is suggested. River or on the banks of reservoirs, small U-shaped lands on valley slopes and V-shaped lands on valley slopes were selected, the middle-high parts of northern and eastern slopes and high lands about 500 metres height above sea level were used. High yields can be obtained from Panax ginseng grown in the above places.

The major types of oak forest—Quercus liaotungensis, Quercus aliena, Quercus dentata and Quercus variabilis forests in Beijing mountainous area are described. Oak forest is a kind of deciduous broadleaf forest consisted of temperate flora. The species of Compositae, Rosaceae, Graminae, Leguminosae are very rich. The plants playing an important role in plant community are Quercus spp. in tree layer, Spiraea, Prunus, Lespedeza, Vitex, Deutzia in shrub layer and Carex, Cleistogenes, Spodiopogon, Arundinella, Bothriochloa in herbaceous layer. The Hemicryptophyte is the most abundant among the various life forms, but Phanerophytes play the most important role: in the forest, The microphyll plants are very rich, the plants with mesophyll also play an important role. It is similar to Quercus dentata and Q. aliena forests. The Quercus variabilis forest is obviously different from Quercus liaotungensis forest among the oak forests.

In this article the comprehensive survey data of forest ecosystem obtained at Jiande mountainous area was analysed. It describes and explains in detail the types of the evergreen broadleaved forests and its ecological effect. In order to maintain the balance of the ecosystem in this subtropical mountainous area, it suggests how to recover the vegetation of the area quickly and how to control its soil effectively.

In this paper, a modified synthetic decision model is proposed on the basis of a synthetic decision model with general fuzzy operation with an example of crop yield forecast. By adopting the piecewise regression method and stepwise regression method, a quantitative model for crop yield forecast has been established and compared with the mentioned synthetic decision model. The two models are mutually complementary, and they can simulate 88% of historical data very well, but moreover their reliability has been confirmed by the measured values obtained in 1983. In every aspect, by using the synthetic decision model, the results of crop yield forecast are quite satisfactory.

Fluorides pollution in the region around the Aluminium-smeltery in Lanzhou has been studied and described. The results showed that fluorides pollution in the air had caused contamination of soil and plants. Air, soil and plants were polluted within a radius of 4000 to 7500 meters from the emission source, visible symptoms were produced in the plants. The normal growth of various plants was inhibited. In the sensitive species, for example apricot (Prunus persica) and peach (P. armeniaca) the fruits dropped early and had poor quality, and the yield was decreased. Wheat grew and developed poorly. Scallion and garlic bulbs had lost much of their food value.The results of fluorides content showed that the fluorides concentrations were different in various parts of plants. The fluorides concentrations in leaves were the highest. Fluorides concentrations in plants, soil and airborne particles decreased with increase of distance from the emission source. Damages to plants were intensified with the increase of fluorides contents. For this reason, the fluorides contents and damages of plants are concrete indications of the degrees or ranges of pollution (as indicators of air pollution). Thus the region around the Aluminium-smeltery may be divided into four areas according to pollution: clean area, lightly polluted area, polluted area and heavily polluted area.These conclusions are based on the determinations of 235 samples of air, 127 samples of soil and 362 samples of plants collected at 18 measurement points established around the alminium smeltery in its north, northeast, southeast and south within a radius of 2–4km with the radius in the leeward direction increased to 7.5km,

Huoshan and Jinzhai Counties in the Dabie Mountain region are within the northern subtropical area of eastern China, where there are evergreen plants and evergreen broad-leaved forests.This paper provides a list of the evergreen plants found in the area, among which 6 species are first recorded in eastern China. All evergreen broad-leaved forest is also first recorded.The authors consider that temperature may be the main factor which determines the distribution of the evergreen plant, but humidity is also an important factor.

Shenzhen, situated between Guangzhou and Hongkong is an economical special zone opened to foreign capital on the coast of southern China. Geographically, it faces the tropical South Sea of China and is a transitional region from the tropics to the subtropics.The regional representative vegetation types are tropical evergreen monsoon forests and southern subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved forests. Their floristic composition, physiognomy, structure, composition of communities and distribution pattern show that they are transitional forests from the tropics to the subtropics and are adapted to the environment of the region. According to the composition of vegetation types, distribution and their relation with the environment the authors has made an evaluation of the vegetation from the viewpoint of plant ecology. This paper will provide a scientific basis for the reasonable development, utilization and transformation of the agriculture, forestry, fruit growing and animal husbandry of the economical special zone.